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Eosinophilia in the respiratory secretions of children with chronic respiratory diseases
186
Abstracts
selecteil from
EMBASE
14.6% were in children (under 18 years). The turnour was more prevalent in male (1.5:1). Enucleation with curettage of the surrounding bones appears adequate for unicystic lesions. Multicystic lesions were managed by radical resection of the mandible with or without immediate reconstruction of defect with bone graft or by resection of the lesion with the dentoalveolar structure and preservation of the lower border of the mandible. Uninvolved periosteum should be preserved because of its osteogenic potential, Barotitis in children after aviation; prevalence and treatment Stangerup S.-E.; Tjemstrom 0.; Harcourt J.; Klokker M.; J. LARYNGOL. OTOL. (DNK) (1996) 11017 (625-628)
with Otovent@ Stokholm J.
Barotitis is an acute or chronic inflammation caused by environmental pressure changes. The most common cause is the pressure change during descent in civil aviation. To prevent barotitis the middle ear pressure has to be equalised several times during descent. This can be achieved by performing the Valsalva manoeuvre, but for children, many of whom have a dysfunction of the Eustachian tube, this is difficult to perform and they are therefore at high risk of developing barotitis during flight. The traditional treatment modalities of barotitis are inflation by a Politzer balloon, myringotomy or prophylactic grommet insertion. An alternative treatment or prophylactic measure is autoinflation using the Otovent@ treatment set. This prophylaxis/treatment can be performed by the child with assistance from its parents as soon as possible or rather before the descent has started. The prevalence of barotitis amongst transit passengers was found to be highest in young children, 25%, compared with adults, 5%. Only 21% of the youngest children with negative middle ear pressure after flight managed a successful Valsalva’s manoeuvre, whereas 82% could increase the middle ear pressure inflating the Otovent@ set. In conclusion, we recommend autoinflation using the Otovent@ set by children and adults with problems clearing the ears during flight. Purulent rhinopharyngitidis flora in children: Situation in Nancy country in 1995 Weber M.; Beley G.; Thollot F.; Vuillemin J.L.; Simeon D.; Moulin C. MED. MAL. INFECT. (FRA) (1996) 26jSPEC. ISS. JUN. (572-575)
In 1995, 274 ambulatory children suffering from acute otitis media or acute nasopharyngitis were included in a study by three pediatricians in private practice. The nasopharyngeal flora of all children was studied bacteriologically. A total 435 bacterial strains were isolated. The majority were: S. pneumoniae (142 isolates 52X), H. influenzae (161 isolates ~ 59’s), B. catarrhalis (104 isolates - 38%). Among the 142 S. pneumoniue isolates, 80 (56%) were penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae of which 31 (21.8%) were resistant (MIC pG 1 mg/l). Among the 161 H. inzuenzae isolates and the 104 E. catarrhalis isolates, 54% and 96% were p-lactamase producers. Eosinophilia in the respiratory secretions of children with chronic respiratory Wiersbitzky S.K.W.; Ballke E.-H.; Muller C.; Bruns R.; Heydolph F. ALLERGOLOGIE (DEU) (1996) 1917 (310-315)
diseases
The eosinophilic granulocytes are characteristic inflammatory cells in the respiratory mucosa of children and teenagers suffering from allergic rhinitis or allergic bronchial asthma. That is the basis for the concept of eosinophilic mucositis or eosinophilic bronchitis for such diseases in contrast to the neutrophilic mucositis or neutrophilic (purulent) bronchitis due to viral or bacterial infections. By means of their aggressive metabolites (major basic protein (MBP), eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), eosinophilic protein X (EPX), or eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), eosinophilic peroxidase (EPO)) the eosinophils play a central role in the pathophysiology of the transition from frequently relapsing obstructive bronchitis in early childhood due to infections to relapsing obstructive bronchitis of later childhood ( = bronchial asthma) due to allergy, in most cases resulting from bronchial hyperreactivity. A significant secretory eosinophilia (i.e. more than 13% eosinophils in the cytological smears of nose, pharynx or the trachea-bronchial wall), is an indicator for the existence of bronchial hyperreactivity, as a rule due to respiratory allergy. The intensity of the airway obstruction (nose, bronchus) does not correlate with the percentage of eosinophilia. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is not a suitable method for detecting secretory eosinophilia. Moreover, persistent eosinophilia of the respiratory secretions are a sensitive indicator for the continuous existence of inflammatory processes in the mucosa. Usually such cases require not only allergen elimination but also additional (topical) steroid administration. Bronchial
Abstracts
selected from
187
EMBASE
asthma is under control only if the asthmatic symptoms and the lung function test have been normalized and the eosinophilia in the respiratory secretion has disappeared. The traditional counting of the eosinophils and the quantitative measurement of ECP give comparable results, but in many patients they can vary considerably. The counting of eosinophils should be given preference for routine cases (lower cost), whereas for large-scale research, the ECP determination can be more effective. Postpuhertal growth and development of the face in unilateral cleft lip and palate pubertal period: A longitudinal study Smahel Z.; Mullerova Z. J. CRANIOFAC. GENET. DEV. BIOL. (CZE) (1996) 1613 (182-192)
as compared
to the
X-ray cephalometry was used for the assessment of 22 boys and 23 girls with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were treated with the same surgical method. They were examined at the age of 10 years and in adulthood. In the group of 13 boys and 15 girls, examined also at the age of 15 years, were analysed intersexual differences of facial growth and development during the postpubertal period and the results were compared with those obtained during the pubertal period. The data showed that in boys facial growth persists after the age of 15 years and in the region of the upper face attains about half the values recorded in the period of puberty, while mandibular growth attains almost the same values as during puberty. In girls the growth is almost terminated but for the lower jaw, where it is still significant though several times slighter than during puberty. In both sexes there is only a minimum growth of maxillary depth and of upper lip height during the postpubertal period, as well as during the pubertal period. The highest growth rate shows the depth of the nose. Because of the intersexual differences in the amount of postpubertal growth, developmental changes in facial configuration do not occur in girls during this period, while in boys a further deterioration of maxillary protrusion, of sagittal jaw relations, and of the upper lip prominence continues, as well as an increase of the flattening of the face. In contrast to the pubertal period in both sexes, a proclination of upper incisors and an improvement of overjet was not attained. Contrary to the pubertal period, in the postpubertal period, intersexual differences in the amount of growth and of the developmental changes in the shape and position of facial characteristics were recorded. Therefore during studies of the growth and development of the face, it is not possible to pool both sexes without some reservations. This holds true in particular in the postpubertal period.
References Al-Jassim A.H.; Swift A.C.; Persistent nasal crusting due to hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia; J. LARYNGOL. OTOL.; 110/4 (379-382) /1996/ Alaluusua S.; Lukinmaa P.-L.; Vartiainen T.; Partanen M.; Torppa J.; Tuomisto J.; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans via mother’s milk may cause developmental defects in the child’s teeth; ENVIRON. TOXICOL. PHARMACOL.; l/3 (193-197) /1996/ Ambrosch P.; Haid M.; Steiner W.; Minimally invasive therapy of otorhinolaryngologic emergencies in infants and children: Indications and limitations; MINIMALLY INVASIVE THER. ALLIED TECHNOL.; 5/l (79-85) /1996/ Annapoorna V.; Seng C.Y.; Huey M.; Tong H.; Anandamumar C.; Yeoh K.H.; Arulkumaran S.; Ratnam S.S.; Evaluation of auditory system in preschool children whose mothers had mid-second trimester amniocentesis; J. PERINAT. MED.; 24/3 (207-212) /1996/ Argenta L.C.; David L.R.; Wilson J.A.; Bell W.O.; An increase in infant cranial deformity with supine sleeping position; J. CRANIOFAC. SURG.; 7/l (5-l 1) /i996/ Awan S.N.; Mueller P.B.; Speaking fundamental frequency characteristics of White, African American, and Hispanic kindergartners; J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 39/3 (573-577) /1996/ Balkany T.; Hodges A.V.; Goodman K.W.; Ethics of cochlear implantation in young children; OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 114/6 (748-755) /1996/ Banov C.H.; Silvers W.S.; Green A.W.; Van Bavel J.H.; Winder J.A.; Feiss G.; Simpson B.; Furst J.A.; Smith J.A.; Placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of triamcinolone acetonide aerosol nasal inhaler in pediatric patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis; CLIN. THER.; 1812 (265-272) 119961 Bass J.W.; A review of the rationale and advantages of various mixtures of benzathine penicillin G; PEDIATRICS; 97/6 II SUPPL. (960-963) /1996/
Abstracts
selecteil from
EMBASE
14.6% were in children (under 18 years). The turnour was more prevalent in male (1.5:1). Enucleation with curettage of the surrounding bones appears adequate for unicystic lesions. Multicystic lesions were managed by radical resection of the mandible with or without immediate reconstruction of defect with bone graft or by resection of the lesion with the dentoalveolar structure and preservation of the lower border of the mandible. Uninvolved periosteum should be preserved because of its osteogenic potential, Barotitis in children after aviation; prevalence and treatment Stangerup S.-E.; Tjemstrom 0.; Harcourt J.; Klokker M.; J. LARYNGOL. OTOL. (DNK) (1996) 11017 (625-628)
with Otovent@ Stokholm J.
Barotitis is an acute or chronic inflammation caused by environmental pressure changes. The most common cause is the pressure change during descent in civil aviation. To prevent barotitis the middle ear pressure has to be equalised several times during descent. This can be achieved by performing the Valsalva manoeuvre, but for children, many of whom have a dysfunction of the Eustachian tube, this is difficult to perform and they are therefore at high risk of developing barotitis during flight. The traditional treatment modalities of barotitis are inflation by a Politzer balloon, myringotomy or prophylactic grommet insertion. An alternative treatment or prophylactic measure is autoinflation using the Otovent@ treatment set. This prophylaxis/treatment can be performed by the child with assistance from its parents as soon as possible or rather before the descent has started. The prevalence of barotitis amongst transit passengers was found to be highest in young children, 25%, compared with adults, 5%. Only 21% of the youngest children with negative middle ear pressure after flight managed a successful Valsalva’s manoeuvre, whereas 82% could increase the middle ear pressure inflating the Otovent@ set. In conclusion, we recommend autoinflation using the Otovent@ set by children and adults with problems clearing the ears during flight. Purulent rhinopharyngitidis flora in children: Situation in Nancy country in 1995 Weber M.; Beley G.; Thollot F.; Vuillemin J.L.; Simeon D.; Moulin C. MED. MAL. INFECT. (FRA) (1996) 26jSPEC. ISS. JUN. (572-575)
In 1995, 274 ambulatory children suffering from acute otitis media or acute nasopharyngitis were included in a study by three pediatricians in private practice. The nasopharyngeal flora of all children was studied bacteriologically. A total 435 bacterial strains were isolated. The majority were: S. pneumoniae (142 isolates 52X), H. influenzae (161 isolates ~ 59’s), B. catarrhalis (104 isolates - 38%). Among the 142 S. pneumoniue isolates, 80 (56%) were penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae of which 31 (21.8%) were resistant (MIC pG 1 mg/l). Among the 161 H. inzuenzae isolates and the 104 E. catarrhalis isolates, 54% and 96% were p-lactamase producers. Eosinophilia in the respiratory secretions of children with chronic respiratory Wiersbitzky S.K.W.; Ballke E.-H.; Muller C.; Bruns R.; Heydolph F. ALLERGOLOGIE (DEU) (1996) 1917 (310-315)
diseases
The eosinophilic granulocytes are characteristic inflammatory cells in the respiratory mucosa of children and teenagers suffering from allergic rhinitis or allergic bronchial asthma. That is the basis for the concept of eosinophilic mucositis or eosinophilic bronchitis for such diseases in contrast to the neutrophilic mucositis or neutrophilic (purulent) bronchitis due to viral or bacterial infections. By means of their aggressive metabolites (major basic protein (MBP), eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), eosinophilic protein X (EPX), or eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), eosinophilic peroxidase (EPO)) the eosinophils play a central role in the pathophysiology of the transition from frequently relapsing obstructive bronchitis in early childhood due to infections to relapsing obstructive bronchitis of later childhood ( = bronchial asthma) due to allergy, in most cases resulting from bronchial hyperreactivity. A significant secretory eosinophilia (i.e. more than 13% eosinophils in the cytological smears of nose, pharynx or the trachea-bronchial wall), is an indicator for the existence of bronchial hyperreactivity, as a rule due to respiratory allergy. The intensity of the airway obstruction (nose, bronchus) does not correlate with the percentage of eosinophilia. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is not a suitable method for detecting secretory eosinophilia. Moreover, persistent eosinophilia of the respiratory secretions are a sensitive indicator for the continuous existence of inflammatory processes in the mucosa. Usually such cases require not only allergen elimination but also additional (topical) steroid administration. Bronchial
Abstracts
selected from
187
EMBASE
asthma is under control only if the asthmatic symptoms and the lung function test have been normalized and the eosinophilia in the respiratory secretion has disappeared. The traditional counting of the eosinophils and the quantitative measurement of ECP give comparable results, but in many patients they can vary considerably. The counting of eosinophils should be given preference for routine cases (lower cost), whereas for large-scale research, the ECP determination can be more effective. Postpuhertal growth and development of the face in unilateral cleft lip and palate pubertal period: A longitudinal study Smahel Z.; Mullerova Z. J. CRANIOFAC. GENET. DEV. BIOL. (CZE) (1996) 1613 (182-192)
as compared
to the
X-ray cephalometry was used for the assessment of 22 boys and 23 girls with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were treated with the same surgical method. They were examined at the age of 10 years and in adulthood. In the group of 13 boys and 15 girls, examined also at the age of 15 years, were analysed intersexual differences of facial growth and development during the postpubertal period and the results were compared with those obtained during the pubertal period. The data showed that in boys facial growth persists after the age of 15 years and in the region of the upper face attains about half the values recorded in the period of puberty, while mandibular growth attains almost the same values as during puberty. In girls the growth is almost terminated but for the lower jaw, where it is still significant though several times slighter than during puberty. In both sexes there is only a minimum growth of maxillary depth and of upper lip height during the postpubertal period, as well as during the pubertal period. The highest growth rate shows the depth of the nose. Because of the intersexual differences in the amount of postpubertal growth, developmental changes in facial configuration do not occur in girls during this period, while in boys a further deterioration of maxillary protrusion, of sagittal jaw relations, and of the upper lip prominence continues, as well as an increase of the flattening of the face. In contrast to the pubertal period in both sexes, a proclination of upper incisors and an improvement of overjet was not attained. Contrary to the pubertal period, in the postpubertal period, intersexual differences in the amount of growth and of the developmental changes in the shape and position of facial characteristics were recorded. Therefore during studies of the growth and development of the face, it is not possible to pool both sexes without some reservations. This holds true in particular in the postpubertal period.
References Al-Jassim A.H.; Swift A.C.; Persistent nasal crusting due to hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia; J. LARYNGOL. OTOL.; 110/4 (379-382) /1996/ Alaluusua S.; Lukinmaa P.-L.; Vartiainen T.; Partanen M.; Torppa J.; Tuomisto J.; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans via mother’s milk may cause developmental defects in the child’s teeth; ENVIRON. TOXICOL. PHARMACOL.; l/3 (193-197) /1996/ Ambrosch P.; Haid M.; Steiner W.; Minimally invasive therapy of otorhinolaryngologic emergencies in infants and children: Indications and limitations; MINIMALLY INVASIVE THER. ALLIED TECHNOL.; 5/l (79-85) /1996/ Annapoorna V.; Seng C.Y.; Huey M.; Tong H.; Anandamumar C.; Yeoh K.H.; Arulkumaran S.; Ratnam S.S.; Evaluation of auditory system in preschool children whose mothers had mid-second trimester amniocentesis; J. PERINAT. MED.; 24/3 (207-212) /1996/ Argenta L.C.; David L.R.; Wilson J.A.; Bell W.O.; An increase in infant cranial deformity with supine sleeping position; J. CRANIOFAC. SURG.; 7/l (5-l 1) /i996/ Awan S.N.; Mueller P.B.; Speaking fundamental frequency characteristics of White, African American, and Hispanic kindergartners; J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 39/3 (573-577) /1996/ Balkany T.; Hodges A.V.; Goodman K.W.; Ethics of cochlear implantation in young children; OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 114/6 (748-755) /1996/ Banov C.H.; Silvers W.S.; Green A.W.; Van Bavel J.H.; Winder J.A.; Feiss G.; Simpson B.; Furst J.A.; Smith J.A.; Placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of triamcinolone acetonide aerosol nasal inhaler in pediatric patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis; CLIN. THER.; 1812 (265-272) 119961 Bass J.W.; A review of the rationale and advantages of various mixtures of benzathine penicillin G; PEDIATRICS; 97/6 II SUPPL. (960-963) /1996/