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Epizzotic of EPM
Epizootic of EPM Twenty-one horses on a farm in central Kentucky were serially evaluated because of an outbreak of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Clinical findings, course of treatment, and long-term outcome were evaluated in 12 of 21 horses that were affected with clinical signs of EPM. All horses on the farm were initially examined for signs of neurologic deficits as well as serum and CSF antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona. Blood values were monitored for evidence of the development of abnormalities resulting from long-term pyrimethamine and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole administration. Physical, neurologic, and fetal necropsy examinations were performed as needed. Horses were considered to have EPM if they had signs of neurologic deficits and positive test results for CSF antibodies to S neurona. Horses were treated for EPM until they had negative test results for CSF antibodies to S neurona. The duration of treatment ranged from 45 to 211 days, excluding 1 horse that persistently had antibodies to S neurona in CSF. Adverse effects of long-term treatment for EPM with pyrimethamine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole included transient fever, anorexia, and depression (n = 2); acute worsening of ataxia (2); mild anemia (4); and abortion (3). Several clinical features that may be associated with EPM or EPM treatment were identified, including acute worsening of neurologic signs during treatment, anemia, abortion, and episodes of fever and leukopenia.
C. K. Fenger et al (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:923-927). Key words: equine species; equine protozoal myeloencephalitis.
EIA in France After a brief historical account of the outbreak of infectious arteritis of horses which occurred in 1984 in Kentucky (United States of America), the authors report on the present state of knowledge concerning the organization of the genome of the virus. Clinical signs of the disease are described, as well as modes and routes of transmission. The interest of molecular tools as diagnostic methods are reported. The preliminary of a serological survey in France are presented. Finally, currently-available vaccination procedures are discussed and their value is assessed.
From: Institut du cheval, 23 Joum~e de
la recherche ~quine 26 fevrier 1997, page 67 Institut de cheval D6partement defi 16, Rue Claude Bernard 75231 Paris Cedex 05 T616phone 01 44 08 18 65
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by bronchiolitis. There are intraluminal accumulations of neutrophils, and peribronchiolar inflammatory cells consist of a mixed population including lymphocytes and neutrophils. Eosinophils are rarely present. The epithelial cells of small airways are also affected and there is goblet cell metaplasia, intra-epithelial laminar occlusion bodies, and loss of granulation of Clara cells. Mucus is present in the lumen of airways and in adjacent alveoli. While the inflammatory response is primarily present in bronchioles, other lung regions are not spared. Alveolar septa surrounding the bronchioles show varying degrees of alveolar fibrosis, necrosis of type I cells, and replacement by type II alveolar epithelium. In larger airways, there is focal loss of ciliated cells that are then replaced by undifferentiated cells in a hyperplastic epithelium. Bronchial inflammation is associated with loss of cilia from epithelial cells.
Volume 17, Number 5, 1997
From a paper by F.J. Derksen, et al. in Proceedings of the 1997 Dubai
International Equine Symposium: The Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease.
In severe cases of COPD, emphysema may be found. Emphysema, defined as the destruction of alveolar walls, is usually localized to small regions of the lung, usually near the pleural surface.
249
C. K. Fenger et al (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:923-927). Key words: equine species; equine protozoal myeloencephalitis.
EIA in France After a brief historical account of the outbreak of infectious arteritis of horses which occurred in 1984 in Kentucky (United States of America), the authors report on the present state of knowledge concerning the organization of the genome of the virus. Clinical signs of the disease are described, as well as modes and routes of transmission. The interest of molecular tools as diagnostic methods are reported. The preliminary of a serological survey in France are presented. Finally, currently-available vaccination procedures are discussed and their value is assessed.
From: Institut du cheval, 23 Joum~e de
la recherche ~quine 26 fevrier 1997, page 67 Institut de cheval D6partement defi 16, Rue Claude Bernard 75231 Paris Cedex 05 T616phone 01 44 08 18 65
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by bronchiolitis. There are intraluminal accumulations of neutrophils, and peribronchiolar inflammatory cells consist of a mixed population including lymphocytes and neutrophils. Eosinophils are rarely present. The epithelial cells of small airways are also affected and there is goblet cell metaplasia, intra-epithelial laminar occlusion bodies, and loss of granulation of Clara cells. Mucus is present in the lumen of airways and in adjacent alveoli. While the inflammatory response is primarily present in bronchioles, other lung regions are not spared. Alveolar septa surrounding the bronchioles show varying degrees of alveolar fibrosis, necrosis of type I cells, and replacement by type II alveolar epithelium. In larger airways, there is focal loss of ciliated cells that are then replaced by undifferentiated cells in a hyperplastic epithelium. Bronchial inflammation is associated with loss of cilia from epithelial cells.
Volume 17, Number 5, 1997
From a paper by F.J. Derksen, et al. in Proceedings of the 1997 Dubai
International Equine Symposium: The Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease.
In severe cases of COPD, emphysema may be found. Emphysema, defined as the destruction of alveolar walls, is usually localized to small regions of the lung, usually near the pleural surface.
249