Ergonomics and international standards

Applied Ergonomic Vol26, No. 4, pp. 23%241, 1995 Ekvier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain. alo3-687on5 01o.M) + o.im

0003-6870(9WOO4O-2

Ergonomics and international standards Introduction, brief review of standards for anthropometry and control room design and useful information K.C. Parsons Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough

University of Technology, Leics LEll 3TU, UK

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) coordinates the production of internationally accepted standards, and involves over 100 countries. IS0 TC 159 ‘Ergonomics’ was set up in 1975. In 1988, the Con& Europ6en De Nomaiisation (CEN) established CEN TC 122 ‘Ergonomics’ for the production of European standards. An exhaustive list of standards, proposed standards and work items is provided. Standards in the areas of anthropometry and control room design are presented. Additional useful information is provided in the form of abbreviations and terms and a list of addresses of where to obtain standards. Keywords: International standards, European standards, ISO, CEN, control rooms, anthropometry

Introduction The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was set up in 1947 to produce international standards. It cooperates with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). These three international organizations provide the basis for worldwide standarization in all areas. The IS0 comprises 107 member countries, and considers the interests of users, producers, consumers, governments and the scientific community. The IS0 aims to produce standards that are reliable, valid and applicable, and ensures this by means of a system of voting among member countries, who can comment, suggest improvements and indicate acceptance or disapproval. IS0 TC 159: Scope In 1975 IS0 TC 159 ‘Ergonomics’ was formed after a proposal by the International Ergonomics Association. The history, organizational structure and method of development of IS0 ergonomics standards are presented by Parsons et al (1995) in this special issue. The scope of IS0 TC 159 is standardization in the field of ergonomics including terminology, methodology and human factors data. Agreed statements attached to the scope are as follows.

promotes the adaptation of working and living conditions to the anatomical, physiological and psychological characteristics of man in relation to the physical, sociological and technological environment. Amongst the objectives are safety, health, well-being and effectiveness. Accordingly the work of the committees will include: l l

l l l

basic standards related to fundamental characteristics of man; functional standards related to human factors in the operation or use of equipment, processes, products or systems; environmental standards related to the effects of physical factors of the environment of man; standards for ergonomic test procedures and for processing ergonomic data; coordination with IS0 technical committees and cooperation with other organizations in the field of

ergonomics. Many IS0 standards in the field of ergonomics are not produced by IS0 TC 159. This is because of historical and organizational factors. There are, however, a number of standards committees and technical bodies that need basic standards in the field of ergonomics for developing standards in their own field.

In the context of the scope, the committee through standardization and coordination of related activities

IS0

TC 159: Strategic policy

A strategic policy for IS0 TC 159 was stated ISO(1993). This was outlined in five parts.

Crown copyright 1995.

239

in

Ergonomics and international standards: K. C. Parsons

240

Bearing in mind the l&g-standing and worldwide use of ergonomics knowledge in the design of work systems as regards tasks, processes, equipment, places, layout and environment the social benefits likely to result for workers from the application of ergonomics through enhanced health, safety and well-being the economic benefits likely to result for producers, procurers and users from harmonized ergonomic principles and features by the fact of improved effectiveness, reliability and usability of work systems there is a pressing need for international ergonomics standards in all fields of working as well as living conditions, whatever the development stage of the technologies involved. The scope of IS0 TC 159 covers the whole field of ergonomics including terminology, methodology and human factors data. In the context of this scope, IS0 TC 159 through standardization and coordination of related activities promotes the adaption of working and living conditions to the anatomical, physiological and psychological characteristics of humans in relation to their physical, socio-cultural and technological environment with the objectives of safety, health, effectiveness and well-being. It is the belief of IS0 TC 159 that the goals stated above shall best be achieved by l l

working at the international level instigating the adoption of IS0 as national or regional standards standards).

Accordingly

standards (eg CEN

the general policy of IS0 TC 159 is:

to adjust the extent of the contemplated tasks to the number and competences of the experts actually available; to ensure, among experts, a balance between those of scientific competence and those experienced in practice to ensure that the contents of its standards have been validated; to remain aware of the consequences of ergonomics standards likely to occur as regards already enforced dispositions by laws, regulations, codes of practice; to foresee objections likely to be raised by the social partners; to offer assistance to IS0 member bodies producing standards that pertain to the work of IS0 TC 159; to encourage and support members in raising funds for attendance at meetings and for validation. Requirements ives are: l

for IS0 TC 159 to achieve its object-

To collect and critically review ergonomics data relevant to international standardization pertinent to the design and manufacturing of machinery, the design and organization of work processes and the layout of equipment as well as the control of the physical environment in the work premises;

l

0

l

to identify those branches of industry, services and trade where ergonomics needs will expand or arise with new technologies; to recognize the unavoidable time lags in producing international standards as well as their enforcement; to set up and to implement comprehensive subprogrammes for standardization activities in different fields of ergonomics; to make effective use of liaisons with other TCs and SCs through which standards with ergonomic specifications have been or are being produced, sometimes with insufficient consideration of granted ergonomics data and/or principles; to create within IS0 TC 159 a strategy planning function in charge of implementing and updating the present strategic policy statement.

The establishment of a European market in the late 1980s and early 1990s led to a request for European standards. This is the responsibility of the Comite European De Normalisation (CEN). CEN TC 122 ‘Ergonomics’ was established circa 1988 and ergonomics European standards (EN) have been produced and accepted and many are in development. Current work items and activity of IS0 TC 159 and CEN TC 122 are presented below, as well as useful information concerning abbreviations used in standards work, where to obtain standards, and a summary of standards activity in the areas of anthropometry and control room design.

International standards and anthropometry At an early stage in the development of international standards for ergonomics, IS0 TC 159 ‘Ergonomics’ established subcommittee 3 (SC3) ‘Anthropometry and biomechanics’. Dickinson (1995) considers biomechanics standards in this special issue. Standards for anthropometry are briefly discussed below. It is generally acknowledged that ergonomics standards and data in the area of anthropometry can make a particularly important contribution to many areas of application, and that they would be of great value. Despite this, or maybe because of it, progress has been slow. Commercial implications are clear. Imagine an international standard being accepted that implied that a mass-produced motor car for a world market had inappropriate dimensions for drivers in all or part of that market. Originally, the USA (ANSI, SAE and the Human Factors Society) held the secretariat of IS0 TC 159 SC3. However, owing to lack of progress, this was transferred to Japan, who have provided fresh enthusiasm and momentum. There are four working groups (WG) to IS0 TC 159 SC3: WGl WG2 ‘Evaluation of working ‘Anthropometry’, postures’, WG3 ‘Human physical strength’ and WG4 ‘Manual handling and heavy weights’. Working group 1 ‘Anthropometry’ has two work items, one leading to IS0 7250.2:1992 Basic list of anthropometric measurements and a new work item IS0 NP 12892 Ergonomics -Hand reach envelopes. IS0 DIS 7250.2 was produced, voted upon, accepted by its members in 1993 with a substantial vote in favour, regarded by the secretariat as not acceptable for publication (because of conflicting statements in the proposal?) and delayed pending work on an equivalent European standard (PrEN 979).

Ergonomics and international standards: K. C. Parsons

FrEN 979 (1993): ‘Draft for Ergonomics - Basic list of definitions of human body dimensions for technical design’ The background to this proposed European standard is provided in a foreword as follows. At the second plenary meeting in Luxemburg in 1988 the Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 ‘Ergonomics’ decided to set up the working group ‘Anthropometry’ (CEN/TC 122/WG 1). The first meeting of CEN/TC 122/WG 1 ‘Anthropometry’ took place in Berlin in 1988, with experts from Austria, Denmark, Germany, Finland, France, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain and the United Kingdom. The experts resolved that the scope shall be to prepare European standards for the application of anthropometric measurements to the design of work equipment and workplaces. At the ninth meeting of CEN/TC 122/WG 1 in Paris in 1991, the experts observed that the envisaged European standard on anthropometric measurements should be developed for the safety of machinery, but that it has a much wider field of application. A standard with the same content is developed by the corresponding working group of IS0 (IS0 TC 159 SC3 WGl ‘Anthropometry’). In the interest of congruence between the envisaged European standard and the envisaged international standard (IS0 7250), the experts agreed that the title of the envisaged European standard should be Basic list of definitions of human body dimensions for technical design. The experts also agreed to initiate the CEN/CENELEC enquiry for this

Table 1 List of abbreviations

and terms used in international

241

document. The next steps will be the inclusion of anthropometric data. introduction to the standard emphasizes the importance to design of data on the size and shape of people. The scope is identified as providing a basic list of anthropometric measurements for use in establishing comparative definitions of population common, groups. The content is presented in three sections. Definitions are presented of ‘population group’ and ‘terms used’. These include anatomical locations and descriptions such as acromion, biceps femoris, lateral, styloid process, tragion and others. Measuring conditions consider clothing, support surfaces, body segments and measuring tools. A final section provides a basic list of anthropometric measurements. Using a diagram for each measurement, a description, method and measuring instrument are presented for the whole body while standing and sitting, and also for measurements on body segments including the hands, head and feet. Other standards within CEN include a three-part standard concerned with the safety of machinery, human body dimensions and the design of access openings. PrEN 547-l presents principles for determining the dimensions required for openings for whole-body access into machinery, PrEN 547-2 principles for determining the dimensions required for access openings, and PrEN 547-3 anthropometric data. The anthropometric data are from static measurements on nude persons and are representative of the European population of men and women. Anthropometric data form the basis for access opening design. PrEN 547-l

The

and European standards

work

Term

Meaning

CD CEN

Committee draft Comite European de Normalisation, Organization responsible for European standardization Draft international standard European standard Preliminary European standard Harmonized document (CEN) International Organization for Standardization Joint working group Final draft international standard Work for which a standard has been formally requested by the European Commission and there is an agreed need (CEN) New work item proposal A system to avoid duplication of work, where IS0 and CEN cooperate in a joint voting system for an equivalent standard Preliminary questionnaire method used by CEN to establish if an existing IS0 standard could form the basis of a European standard Proposed European standard (ie draft) Preliminary work item Subcommittee Technical committee Technical report An agreement that provides for the easy adoption of standards between IS0 and CEN Working draft Working group

DIS EN ENV HD IS0 JWG FDIS Mandated work NP Parallel voting PQ enquiry PrEN PWI SC TC TR Vienna Agreement WD WG Examples

IS0 TC 159 SC5 IS0 TC 159 SC3 WG4 N200 IS0 TR 11079 CEN TC 122 WG3 N25

Subcommittee 5 to technical committee 159 Document 200 of working group 4 of subcommittee 3 of IS0 technical committee 159 IS0 technical report based on work item 11079 Twenty fifth document of working group 3 of CEN technical committee 122

242

Ergonomics and internationalstandardr: K. C. Parsons

provides information and methods for whole-body access and PrEN 547-2 for access of parts of the body. Definitions of the measurements provided are given in PrEN 979.

remains to be seen (eg thermal environments, anthropometry). There is a proposal to adopt the parts of IS0 11064 as CEN standards. If accepted then it is anticipated that EN IS0 11064 may appear in the future. However, there are a number of stages in development before this occurs.

International standards and control room design International standards concerned with control room design were first considered under an active working group of IS0 TC 159 SC6 ‘Ergonomics requirements of work systems’. In 1991, this work was transferred to IS0 TC 159 SC4 ‘Ergonomics of human-system interaction’ and became working group 8 of that subcommittee. The work is discussed by Stewart (1995) in this special issue. An eight-part standard is in preparation, and all parts are in the working draft (WD) stage. IS0 WD 11064-l to IS0 WD 11064-8. All parts are entitled Ergonomics design of control centres. Parts l-8 respectively are concerned with: principles for the design of control centres, principles of control suite arrangements, control room layout, workstation layout and dimensions, displays and controls, environmental requirements, evaluation of control rooms, and ergonomic requirements for specific applications. It is interesting that standards are developed for this particular area of application. Whether these build upon or conflict with the basic ergonomics standards

Table 2 Work programmes

of IS0 TC 159 (international

standards)

Useful information Abbreviations and terms As with many areas of application abbreviations develop, become embodied in the common language of those involved and make it difficult for those encountering the topic for the first time to understand the process. Standards work is particularly prone to this. Table 2 provides a list of useful abbreviations and terms. Parsons et al (1995) also provide further explanation of standards development, numbers and the origin of terms. Work items and standards of IS0 TC 159 and CEN TC 122 The total work programmes of IS0 TC 159 and CEN TC 122 are presented in Table 2. The table lists IS0 work and corresponding/parallel work that is being conducted in CEN.

and CEN/TC

122 (European

standards)

IS0 TC 159 ‘Ergonomics’

CEN/TC

122 ‘Ergonomics’

Secretariat DIN

Secretariat DIN

ISO/CD 6385:1993 SCUWGl Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems (Revision of IS0 6385-1981)

ENV 26385: 1990 Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems

WG2

WG2 EN 61&1:1995 Safety of machinery - Ergonomic design principles - Part 1: Terminology and general principles 614-2 Safety of machinery - Ergonomic design principles - Part 2: Interaction between the design of machinery and work tasks IS0 10075-l :1991 SCUWG2 Ergonomic principles related to mental workload - Part 1: General terms and definitions

New work item

CENfIC 122J

WG2

ISO/DIS 10075-2:1994 SClAVG2 Ergonomic principles related to mental workload - Part 2: design principles

New work item in CENRC 122/

WG2

prEN 979:1993 (to CEN/CS for formal vote on 94-12)

WGl

SC3lWG 1 Basic list of anthropometric

ISOlDIS 7250.21992 measurements

in

Basic list of definitions of human body measurements for technical design ISO/NP 12892 SC3fWGl Ergonomics - Hand reach envelopes IS0 CD 11226:1995 SC3/WG2 Ergonomics - Evaluation of working postures

WG4 WI50 Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 4 Evaluation of working postures in relation to machinery

IS0 NP 14738 SC3lWG2 Postures and dimensions for the design of workplaces at machinery

WI45 Safety of machinery - Anthropometric workplaces at machinery

ISO/NP 11227 SC3iWG4 Human physical strength - Recommended force limits

WG4 prEN 1050-3:1993 Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation

WGl requirements for the design of

Ergonomics

and international standards: K. C. Parsons

243

Table 2 Continued IS0 TC 159 ‘Ergonomics’

CENiTC 122 ‘Ergonomics’

ISO/CD 11228: 1995 SC3lWG4 Ergonomics - Manual handling - Part 1: Lifting and carrying

WG4 prEN 1050:1993 Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 2: Manual handling of objects associated to machinery WG4 prEN 1050:1993 Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 1: Terms and definitions WGl prEN 547-1:1991 Safety of machinery - Human body measurements - Part 1: Principles for determining the dimensions required for openings for whole body access into machinery WGl prEN 547-2:1991 Safety of machinery - Human body measurements - Part 2: Principles for determining the dimensions required for access openings WGl prEN 547-3:1995 Safety of machinery - Human body measurements - Part 3: Anthropometric data WI45 Safety of machinery - Anthropometric workplaces at machinery

WGl requirements for the design of

WGl WI48 Safety of machinery - Human body dimensions - Structures and dimensions of computer manikins for design and evaluation of work space of machinery Basic principles of the ergonomic testing of anthropometric industrial products and design

WGl aspects of

WGl Safeguarding crushing points by means of a limitation of the active forces SC4 Geometrical orientation IS0 1503:1977)

ISO/NP 1503 and directions of movements (Revision of

ISOlCD 9241-1 SC4lWGl Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 1: General introduction (Revision of IS0 9241-1:1992)

WG5 EN 29241-1: 1993 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 1: General introduction (IS0 9241-1:1992)

IS0 9241-2:1992 SC4tWG4 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 2: Guidance on task requirements

EN 29241-2: 1993 WG5 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 2: Guidance on task requirements (IS0 9241-2:1992)

IS0 9241-3:1992 SC4lWG2 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 3: visual display requirements

EN 29241-3:1993 WG5 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 3: Visual display requirements (IS0 9241-3:1992)

SC4iWG2 Ergonomic requirements

ISO/NP 13406 for the use of flat panel displays

CEN/TC 122iWG5 proposes to CENfI’C 122 to request parallel voting within CEN to IS0 13406

ISO/NP 13407 Sc4lWG6 Human centred design processes for interactive systems ISO/CD 935%1:1994 SC4lWGl Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 1: Human interactions with displays and control actuators

prEN 894-l : 1992 WG6 Safety of machinery - Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 1: Human interactions with displays and control actuators

ISOlCD 9355-2:1994 SC4lWGl Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 2: Displays

prEN 894-2: 1992 WG6 Safety of machinery - Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 2: Displays

ISO/CD 9355-3: 1994 SC4WGl Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 3: Control actuators

prEN 894-3:1992 WG6 Safety of machinery - Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 3: Control actuators

. . . 894-4: 1992 WG6 Safety of machinery - Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 4: Location and arrangement of displays and control actuators SC4/WG2 ISO/CD 9241-7.3:1993 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 7: Display requirements with reflections

Under Vienna Agreement as prEN

SC4lWG3 ISO/DIS 92414: 1992 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 4: Keyboard requirements

prEN IS0 9241-4 WG5 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 4: Keyboard requirements (ISO/DIS 9241-4)

WG5

244

Ergonomics

and international standards: K. C. Parsons

Table 2 Continued IS0 TC 159 ‘Ergonomics’

CEN/TC

122 ‘Ergonomics’

SC4lWG3

ISO/DIS 9241-5: 1993 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 5: Workplace requirements

SC4lWG3 ISO/DIS 92414:1992 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 5: workstation layout and postural requirements (ISOIDIS 9241-5)

SC4lWG3 ISO/DIS 9241-6.2:1993 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 6: Environmental requirements

Under Vienna Agreement as prEN

SC4iWG2 ISOlDIS 9241-8: 1993 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours

prEN IS0 9241-8 WG5 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours (ISOIDIS 9241-8)

SC4lWG3 ISO/CD 9241-9 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices

Under Vienna Agreement as prEN

SC4iWG5 ISO/FDIS 9241-lo:1993 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 10: Dialogue principles

prEN IS0 9241-10 WG5 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 10: Dialogue principles

SC4lWG5 ISOlDIS 9241-11.3:1993 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 11: Guidance on usability

WG5 Parallel voting in accordance with the Vienna Agreement as prEN

SC4iWG5 ISO/CD 9241-12:1994 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 12: Presentation of information

WG5 Parallel voting in accordance with the Vienna Agreement as prEN

SC4iWG5 ISO/CD 9241-13:1993 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 13: User guidance

WG5 Parallel voting in accordance with the Vienna Agreement as prEN

ISO/CD 9241-14.2:1993 SC4iWG5 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 14: Menu dialogues

WG5 Parallel voting in accordance with the Vienna Agreement as prEN

SC4fWG5 ISOKD 9241-15:1993 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 15: Command dialogues

WG5 Parallel voting in accordance with the Vienna Agreement as prEN

ISO/CD 9241-16.2:1994 SC4WG5 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogue

WG5 Parallel voting in accordance with the Vienna Agreement as prEN

ISO/CD 9241-17:1994 SC4lWG5 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 17: Form filling dialogues

WG5 Parallel voting in accordance with the Vienna Agreement as prEN

ISOlWD 11064-t SC4iWG8 Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 1: Principles for the design of control centres

WG5 CENfIC 122fWG5 proposes to CEN/TC 122 to request parallel voting within CEN for IS0 11064

ISOWD 11064-2 SC4iWG8 Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 2: Principles of control suite arrangements

WG5 CENEC 122/WG5 proposes to CEN/TC 122 to request parallel voting within CEN for IS0 11064

ISO/WD 11064-3 SC4iWG8 Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 3: Control room layout

WG5 CEN/TC 122/WG5 proposes to CEN/TC 122 to request parallel voting within CEN for IS0 11064

ISO/WD 11064-4 SC4iWG8 Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 4: Workstation layout and dimensions

WG5 CENRC 1221WG5 proposes to CEN/TC 122 to request parallel voting within CEN for IS0 11064

ISOlWD 11064-5 SC4IWG8 Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 5: Displays and controls

WGS CEN/TC 122iWG5 proposes to CENfI’C 122 to request parallel voting within CEN for IS0 11064

ISO/WD 10064-6 SC4lWG8 Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 6: Environmental requirements to control rooms

CEN/TC 122/WG5 proposes to CEN!K within CEN for IS0 11064

ISO/WD 11064-7 SC4lWG8 Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 7: Principles for the evaluation of control rooms

WG5 CENRC 122/WG5 proposes to CENflC 122 to request parallel voting within CEN for IS0 11064

ISO/WD 11064-8 SC4lWG8 Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 8: Ergonomic requirements for specific applications

WG5 CENn% 122AVG5 proposes to CENlTC 122 to request parallel voting within CEN for IS0 11064

SCS/WGl Touchable hot/cold surfaces

ISO/NP 12893

WG5

WG5

WG5 122 to request parallel voting

WG3 EN 563: 1994 Safety of machinery - Temperatures of touchable surfaces Ergonomics data to establish temperature limit values for hot surfaces

Ergonomics

245

and international standards: K. C. Parsons

Table 2 Continued CEN/TC 122 ‘Ergonomics’

IS0 TC 159 ‘Ergonomics’

WI38 Safety of machinery - Surface temperatures surfaces

WG3 of touchable parts - Cold

ISOlNP 13731 SCStWGl Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Definitions, symbols and units ISO/NP 1373 SCS/WG 1 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - comfortable contact surface temperatures ISOlNP 14415 SCSlWGl Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Application of International Standards to the disabled, the aged and other handicapped persons IS0 7243: 1989 SCS/WGl Hot environments - Estimation of the heat stress on working man, based on the WBGT index (wet bulb globe temperature)

EN 27243:1993 WGll Hot environments - Estimation of the heat stress on working man, based on the WBGT index (wet bulb globe temperature) (IS0 7243:1989)

SCS/WG 1 ISOKD 7726 Ergonomics for the thermal environment - Instruments for measuring physical qualities (Revision of IS0 7726: 1985)

EN 27726: 1993 WGll Thermal environments - instruments and methods for measuring physical quantities (IS0 7726:1985)

IS0 7730: 1994 SCSfWG 1 Moderate thermal environments - Determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort

EN IS0 7730~1994 WGll Moderate thermal environments-Determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort (IS0 7730:1994)

SCSlWGl ISO/NP 7933 Hot environment - Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal stress using calculation of required sweat rate (Revision IS0 7933:1989)

prEN 27933:1990 WGll Hot environments - Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal stress using calculation of required sweat rate

SCS/WGl Ergonomics - Determination

EN 28996: 1993 Ergonomics - Determination

IS0 8996: 1990 of metabolic heat production

SCSlWGl IS0 9920:1995 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Estimation of the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble

WGll of metabolic heat production

CEN/PQ WGll Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Estimation of the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble

SCS/WGl ISO/TR 11079:1993 Evaluation of cold environments - Determination of required clothing insulation (IREQ) SCSiWG 1 IS0 10551:1995 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Assessment of the influence of the thermal environment using subjective judgement scales SCS/WGl IS0 11399:1995 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Principles and application of International Standards SCSiWGl ISOKD 12894 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Medical supervision of individuals exposed to extreme hot or cold environments SCSiWGl ISO/NP 14505 Evaluation of the thermal environment in vehicles SC5ANG2 IS0 8995: 1989 Principles of visual ergonomics - the lighting of indoor work systems SCSlWG3 ISO/WD 7731:1986 Danger signals for workplaces - Auditory danger signals (Revision of IS0 7731:1986)

EN 457: 1992 WG8 Safety of machinery - Auditory danger signals - General requirements, design and testing (IS0 7731:1986, modified)

SCYWG3 ISO/DIS 9921-1.1:1992 Ergonomic assessment of speech communication - Part 1: Speech interference level and communication distances for persons with normal hearing capacity in direct communication (SIL method)

By BTS adopted as new work item in CENfK

SC5iWG3 ISOKD 9921-2 Ergonomic assessment of speech communication - Part 2: Assessment of speech communication by means of the Modified Articulation Index (MA1 method)

By BTS adopted as new work item in CENfTC 122

SCSIWG3 ISOlCD 9921-3 Ergonomic assessment of speech communication - Part 3: Speech communication with electro-acoustic systems

By BTS adopted as new work item in CENfIC 122

SC5lWG3 ISOlDIS 11428 Ergonomics - Visual danger signals - General requirements, and testing

prEN 842:1992 WG8 (to CEN/CS for formal vote on 1995-04) Safety of machinery - Visual danger signals - General requirements, design and testing

design

WG8 122

WG8

WG8

,

246

Ergonomics

and international

standards:

K. C. Parsons

Table 2 Continued

IS0 TC 159 ‘Ergonomics’

CENlTC 122 ‘Ergonomics’

SCYWG3

prEN 981:1992 WG8 (to CEN/CS for formal vote on 1995-04) Safety of machinery - System of danger and non-danger signals with sound and light

Ergonomics-System light

ISOlDIS 11429 of danger and non-danger signals with sound and

WI51 JWG9 Personal protective equipment - Ergonomics - Anthropometry WI52 JWG9 Personal protective equipment - Ergonomics - Biomechanics WI53 Personal protective equipment - Ergonomics -Thermal

JWG9 characteristics

WI.54 JWG9 Personal protective equipment - Ergonomics - Biological aspects WGlO Ergonomic design principles for the operability of mobile machinery

References CEN 1995 Lbt of work items within CEN TC 122 ‘Ergonomics’ CEN TC 122 N252, DIN, Berlin, Germany Dickinson, C.E. 1995 ‘Proposed manual handling International and European standards’ Appl Ergonomics 26 (4) 265-270 IS0 1985 Leaflet summarizing the annual report of IS0 TC 159 ‘Ergonomics’ DIN, Berlin, Germany IS0 1995 Directives Part 1. Procedures for the techical work 3rd edn, ISO, Geneva.

IS0 1993 Strategic policy statement of IS0 TC 159 6AI IS0 TC 159 N238, DIN, Berlin, Germany IS0 1995 List of work items within IS0 TC 159 ‘Ergonomics’ IS0 TC 159 N247, DIN, Berlin, Germany Parsons, K. C., Shackel, B. and Metz, B. 1995 ‘Ergonomics and international standards. History, organizational structure and method of development’ Appl Ergonomics 26 (4), 249-258 Stewart, T. 1995 ‘Ergonomics standard concerning human-system interaction. Visual displays, controls and environmental requirements’ Appl Ergonomics 26 (4), 271-274

How to obtain copies of international standards International (and national) standards can be obtained by contacting a national standards body. Most standards bodies make a financial charge for the standards and for some this is their main source of income. A list of addresses of national standards bodies is provided below with the addresses of both CEN and IS0 central secretariat. IS0

International Organization 1 rue de Varembe Case Postale 56 CH-1211 Geneve 20 Switzerland

for Standardization

+stria

Ostereichisches Normungsinstitut Heinestrasse 38 Postfach 130 A-1021 Wien Austria

CEN Central Secretariat Rue de Stassart 36 B-1050 Brussels Belgium

Bulgaria

Argentina

Instituto Argentino Chile 1192 C.Postal 1098 Buenos Aires Argentina

North Sydney N.S.W. 2060 Australia

de Racionalizacion

Australia

Standards Association of Australia Standards House 8&86 Arthur Street

de Materiales

State Committee for Science and Technical Standards Office 21, 6th September Str. 1000 Sofia Bulgaria Canada

Standards Council of Canada International Standardization Branch 2000 Argentina Road Suite 2-401 Mississauga

Progress

Ergonomics

Ontario L5N lV8 Canada China

China Association PO Box 820 Beijing China

for Standardization

Cuba Comite Estatal de Normalization Egido 602 entre Gloria y Apodaca Zona postal 2 La Habana Cuba Czechoslovakia

Urad pro normalizaci a mereni Vaclavske namesti 19 113 47 Praha 1 Czechoslovakia Denmark

Dansk Standardiseringsraad Aurehojvej 12 Postbox 77 DK-2900 Hellerup Denmark

Kalfjeslaan 2 PO Box 5059 2600 GB Delft The Netherlands Norway

Norges Standardiseringsforbund Postboks 7020 Homansbyen N-Oslo 3 Norway Poland

Polish Committee for Standarization Measures and Quality Control Ul. Elektoralna 2 00-139 Warszawa Poland Portugal

Direcdo-Geral de Qualidade Rua Jose Estevao, 83-A 1199 Lisboa Codex Portugal Romania

Institutul Roman de Standardizare Casuata Postala 63-87 Bucharest 1 Romania

Finland

Suomen Standardioimisliito P 0 Box 205 SF-00121 Helsinki Finland

247

and international standards: K. C. Parsons

SFS

Russia

GOST State Committee Leninsky Prospekt 9 Moskva 117049 Russia

for Standards

France

Sweden

Tour Europe Cedex 7 92080 Paris la Defense France

SIS Standardiseringskomissionen Tegnergatan 11 Box 3 295 S-103 66 Stockholm Sweden

Germany

DIN Deutches Institut fur Nor-mung E.V. Burggrafenstrasse 4-10 Postfach 1107 D-10787 Berlin 30 Germany Hungary

Magyar Szabvanyiigyi Hivatal Budapest Pf 24 1450 Hungary Japan Japanese Industrial Standards Committee c/o Standards Department Agency of Industrial Science and Technology Ministry of International Trade and Industry 1-3-1 Kasumigaseki Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100 Japan The Netherlands

Nederlands

Normalisatie-instituut

i Sverige

Taiwan

Taiwan Standards Organization: National Bureau of Standards Ministry of Economic Affairs Patent and Standards and Information Centre 4th Floor 100 Kwang-fu S-Road Paipei Taiwan United Kingdom

British Standards Institution BSI Standards 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL United Kingdom USA

ANSI American National Standard Institute 1430 Broadway New York NY 10018 USA