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Experimental studies on the formation and propagation of fatigue cracks by means of ultrasonics
REDSTREAKE,
SPRING,
W. N.
LJltrasound
maps
flaws
in bonds. Iron Age, 183, No. 4,
p. 58 (1964) A brief description of an automatic ultrasonic testing system used for inspection of uranium filled fuel elements. The immersed fuel plates, ranging from 0.050 to 0.110 in thick, move between two probes at a rate of 200 inlrnin and the output from the receiving crystal, suitably gated, activates an alarm; a servo-driven chart recorder displays any defect on a map-like chart. (3 figures) (Ultrasonics Z964, abstract 251) Rim, P. Experimental studies on the formation and propagation of fatigue cracks by means of ultrasonics. Materialpriifung, 6, No. 3, p. 100 (1964) Experimental apparatus has been developed to study the formation and development of fatigue cracks (until rupture) in three grades of steel. The method is based on observing the appearance and measuring the amplitude of an echo from the developing crack; it is also possible to estimate its importance, The shape of the specimen and the probe mounting arrangement in a vibration machine is described and the results are presented in graph form for quick reference. (4 tables, 12 figures) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 252) SEN-GUPTA,
B. K.
A note on an ultrasonic pulse technique for the testing of bricks. Civil Engineering and Public Works Review, 59, No. 691, p. 188 (1964) The existing destructive testing methods for determining the condition of bricks and concrete are not entirely satisfactory and an ultrasonic technique seems to offer many advantages. Measurement of velocity or absorption can be calibrated in terms of porosity and compressive strength or at least used for comparing the conformity of products to a known standard. Ultrasonics is widely used for this purpose in other countries and this report should stimulate greater interest in this technique in England. (6 graphs) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 253) SKRIPNICHENKO,
A. L.
Application of ultrasound in the investigation of fatigue. Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 30, No. 5, p. 598 (1964) It is shown that cyclical loading at an ultrasonic frequency (20.2 kc/s and 17.5 kg/mm2) changes the mechanical properties of copper in a matter of seconds. The experimental method and equipment are briefly described and it is suggested that high frequency ultrasound makes possible rapid determination of the strain endurance characteristics and of the effects of reversals of stress on the properties of other materials. (1 figure, 1 table) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 254)
cleaning and pickling. Metal Finishing, 67, No. 3, p. 66 (1964) The generation and properties of ultrasonic waves are discussed and ultrasonic cleaning is compared with other methods. It emerges that ultrasonics is by far the most efficient and economical method of cleaning and is also suitable for incorporation with other processes as part of an installation. Erosion of metal during cleaning is negligible but cleaning solution, tanks, temperature and concentration are important and are discussed at length. Althoughpickling in acid or alkaline solution is greatly accelerated by ultrasound the author contines himself to mentioning several reported cases. (3 figures, 2 tables, 13 references) (Uftrasonics 1964, abstract 256) TROMMLER,
R.
S.
New concepts in ultrasonic sealing. Modern Plastics, 41, No. 7, p. 125 (1964) Great economies in plastics fabrication result from the use of ultrasonics. The cost of the equipment is competitive: it saves time, space, solvents, adhesives and power and gives much better finish. Power seldom exceeds 15OW and a strong solid bond can be made in most plastics within a second. Thicknesses from a few thousandths of an inch to several inches can be joined by making a spot, butt, lap, tongue and groove or pin and socket weld often in remote and inaccessible places. Most thermoplastics can be welded, either to themselves or to other materials and no surface preparation or cleaning is necessary. (8 figures, 1 table) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 255)
H.
flaw detector Sonovisor ZM. Jena Review, Special issue for Spring Fair (1964) An improved version of the Sonovisor flaw detector incorporates A-scope, oscillatory sectional image and rotary sectional image presentation. The oscillatory section transducer is a water filled container in which the probe can move to and fro about 50 times/mm in a straight line. The movement is synchronized with the electron beam of a c.r.t. and gives a C-scope presentation. Rotary sectional image display is a modification of this method, intended for cylindrical objects; both reflection and transmission can be used. With its complement of probes, monitors, alarm and recording devices suitable for incorporation into an automatic production line the Sonovisor 2M appears to be a versatile instrument. (14 figures) Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 257) Uba~onic
Y., et al. A new portable echo-encephalograph, using ultrasonic transducers; and its clinical applications. Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering, 2, No. 1, p. 21 (1964) Some 300 clinical cases are reported on which a transistor echo-encephalograph has been used. A combination of transmission and reflection methods makes possible accurate alignment of the two transducers to detect extradural or subdural haemotomas or brain tumours by displaying a shift in the mid-line echo. The equipment weights only 6 kg and can easily be taken to the scene of accident; it is claimed that half the fatal accidents in Japan could have been saved if early diagnosis had allowed an emergency operation to be performed. Experiments have also been conducted on dogs to determine safe levels of irradiation and it is concluded that no harmful effects are likely at the levels used (1*5W/cm2 with that particular equipment). (29 figures, 6 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 258)
TSUTSUMI,
UECKER, SOLGFF,
S.
Ultrasonic
E. H.
check pipe welds at 60 ft/min. Metalworking Production, Z08, No. 8, p. 80 (1964) An automatic pipe line testing installation operating at 60 ft/min on pipes of 16-36 in outside diameter and up to 40 ft long is described. Four 2 in diameter lithium sulphate crystals are placed in a water trough and a servo system automatically positions them on the weld; paint spray units are activated if defects are found. A wetting agent is added to the temperature controlled water and the electronic units are housed in a controlled environment to make the system infallible. Although a number of radiographic, magnetic and liquid penetrant methods have been tried, ultrasonic testing gives the best results. See also: “Ultrasonic inspection of line pipe.” Materials Evaluation, 22, 4, p. 175 (1964) 5 figures) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 259) Ultrasonics
ULTRASONICS
/
July-Seprember
1964
SPRING,
W. N.
LJltrasound
maps
flaws
in bonds. Iron Age, 183, No. 4,
p. 58 (1964) A brief description of an automatic ultrasonic testing system used for inspection of uranium filled fuel elements. The immersed fuel plates, ranging from 0.050 to 0.110 in thick, move between two probes at a rate of 200 inlrnin and the output from the receiving crystal, suitably gated, activates an alarm; a servo-driven chart recorder displays any defect on a map-like chart. (3 figures) (Ultrasonics Z964, abstract 251) Rim, P. Experimental studies on the formation and propagation of fatigue cracks by means of ultrasonics. Materialpriifung, 6, No. 3, p. 100 (1964) Experimental apparatus has been developed to study the formation and development of fatigue cracks (until rupture) in three grades of steel. The method is based on observing the appearance and measuring the amplitude of an echo from the developing crack; it is also possible to estimate its importance, The shape of the specimen and the probe mounting arrangement in a vibration machine is described and the results are presented in graph form for quick reference. (4 tables, 12 figures) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 252) SEN-GUPTA,
B. K.
A note on an ultrasonic pulse technique for the testing of bricks. Civil Engineering and Public Works Review, 59, No. 691, p. 188 (1964) The existing destructive testing methods for determining the condition of bricks and concrete are not entirely satisfactory and an ultrasonic technique seems to offer many advantages. Measurement of velocity or absorption can be calibrated in terms of porosity and compressive strength or at least used for comparing the conformity of products to a known standard. Ultrasonics is widely used for this purpose in other countries and this report should stimulate greater interest in this technique in England. (6 graphs) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 253) SKRIPNICHENKO,
A. L.
Application of ultrasound in the investigation of fatigue. Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 30, No. 5, p. 598 (1964) It is shown that cyclical loading at an ultrasonic frequency (20.2 kc/s and 17.5 kg/mm2) changes the mechanical properties of copper in a matter of seconds. The experimental method and equipment are briefly described and it is suggested that high frequency ultrasound makes possible rapid determination of the strain endurance characteristics and of the effects of reversals of stress on the properties of other materials. (1 figure, 1 table) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 254)
cleaning and pickling. Metal Finishing, 67, No. 3, p. 66 (1964) The generation and properties of ultrasonic waves are discussed and ultrasonic cleaning is compared with other methods. It emerges that ultrasonics is by far the most efficient and economical method of cleaning and is also suitable for incorporation with other processes as part of an installation. Erosion of metal during cleaning is negligible but cleaning solution, tanks, temperature and concentration are important and are discussed at length. Althoughpickling in acid or alkaline solution is greatly accelerated by ultrasound the author contines himself to mentioning several reported cases. (3 figures, 2 tables, 13 references) (Uftrasonics 1964, abstract 256) TROMMLER,
R.
S.
New concepts in ultrasonic sealing. Modern Plastics, 41, No. 7, p. 125 (1964) Great economies in plastics fabrication result from the use of ultrasonics. The cost of the equipment is competitive: it saves time, space, solvents, adhesives and power and gives much better finish. Power seldom exceeds 15OW and a strong solid bond can be made in most plastics within a second. Thicknesses from a few thousandths of an inch to several inches can be joined by making a spot, butt, lap, tongue and groove or pin and socket weld often in remote and inaccessible places. Most thermoplastics can be welded, either to themselves or to other materials and no surface preparation or cleaning is necessary. (8 figures, 1 table) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 255)
H.
flaw detector Sonovisor ZM. Jena Review, Special issue for Spring Fair (1964) An improved version of the Sonovisor flaw detector incorporates A-scope, oscillatory sectional image and rotary sectional image presentation. The oscillatory section transducer is a water filled container in which the probe can move to and fro about 50 times/mm in a straight line. The movement is synchronized with the electron beam of a c.r.t. and gives a C-scope presentation. Rotary sectional image display is a modification of this method, intended for cylindrical objects; both reflection and transmission can be used. With its complement of probes, monitors, alarm and recording devices suitable for incorporation into an automatic production line the Sonovisor 2M appears to be a versatile instrument. (14 figures) Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 257) Uba~onic
Y., et al. A new portable echo-encephalograph, using ultrasonic transducers; and its clinical applications. Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering, 2, No. 1, p. 21 (1964) Some 300 clinical cases are reported on which a transistor echo-encephalograph has been used. A combination of transmission and reflection methods makes possible accurate alignment of the two transducers to detect extradural or subdural haemotomas or brain tumours by displaying a shift in the mid-line echo. The equipment weights only 6 kg and can easily be taken to the scene of accident; it is claimed that half the fatal accidents in Japan could have been saved if early diagnosis had allowed an emergency operation to be performed. Experiments have also been conducted on dogs to determine safe levels of irradiation and it is concluded that no harmful effects are likely at the levels used (1*5W/cm2 with that particular equipment). (29 figures, 6 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 258)
TSUTSUMI,
UECKER, SOLGFF,
S.
Ultrasonic
E. H.
check pipe welds at 60 ft/min. Metalworking Production, Z08, No. 8, p. 80 (1964) An automatic pipe line testing installation operating at 60 ft/min on pipes of 16-36 in outside diameter and up to 40 ft long is described. Four 2 in diameter lithium sulphate crystals are placed in a water trough and a servo system automatically positions them on the weld; paint spray units are activated if defects are found. A wetting agent is added to the temperature controlled water and the electronic units are housed in a controlled environment to make the system infallible. Although a number of radiographic, magnetic and liquid penetrant methods have been tried, ultrasonic testing gives the best results. See also: “Ultrasonic inspection of line pipe.” Materials Evaluation, 22, 4, p. 175 (1964) 5 figures) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 259) Ultrasonics
ULTRASONICS
/
July-Seprember
1964