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Exploring the effects of alcohol and marijuana use on experience of teen dating violence among high school students in Maryland
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Abstracts / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e34–e117
had ≥ one positive urine drug tests for cocaine. Receipt of BZD prescription was associated with an increased hazard of having ≥ two early opioid refills, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.54 (95% CI, 1.09–2.18); but was not associated with increased odds for a positive cocaine test, adjusted odds ratio = 1.07 (95% CI, 0.55–2.23). Conclusions: Among primary care patients receiving chronic opioid therapy, BZD prescription was associated with ≥ two early opioid refills but not with cocaine use. Because alternative therapies exist for the primary indications for BZD prescription, further research should better elucidate the risks and benefits of prescribing BZDs to patients receiving chronic opioid therapy. Financial support: R01DA034252-01, R25DA033211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.536 Exploring the effects of alcohol and marijuana use on experience of teen dating violence among high school students in Maryland Elizabeth Parker 1 , Catherine Bradshaw 1,2 , Katrina Debnam 1 , Adam J. Milam 1,3 , C.D. Furr-Holden 1 1
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States 2 Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States 3 School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States Aims: (1) To examine the association between marijuana and alcohol use and experience of teen dating violence (TDV), (2) to identify subtypes of alcohol and marijuana use, and (3) to examine the association between exposure to TDV and the alcohol and marijuana use classes among high school students. Methods: Data come from 27,758 high school students participating in the Spring 2013 Maryland Safe and Supportive Schools Climate Survey. Alcohol and marijuana use was measured using two items assessing past 30-day use (0 days/1 or more days). The outcome, TDV, comes from two items assessing physical TDV and psychological TDV in the past 12 months (combined; experience any TDV/no TDV). Multilevel modeling (MLM) analysis was used to control for clustering of students within classrooms and schools. Individual-level factors examined include alcohol and marijuana use, age, sex, race; school-level factors examined include percent minority, percent suspension, and enrollment. Results: Results indicate that 33% of the students reported recent alcohol use and 21% reported recent marijuana use. About 14% of students reported being hit, slapped, or physically hurt and/or threatened, degraded, or intimated by someone they were dating in the past year. The MLM revealed that students who reported using alcohol (B = 0.64; p < .001) and students who reported using marijuana (B = 0.67; p < .001) were at greater risk of experiencing TDV compared to students who did not report recent use of alcohol or marijuana. Latent class analysis will be used to address aim 2 and latent class regression will be used to address aim 3. Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest that alcohol and marijuana use may need to be addressed in TDV prevention or intervention programs. Financial support: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Education’s Safe and Supportive Schools Initiative and a NIDA T32 Training Grant (3T32DA007292-21). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.537
Beyond an adolescent’s first occasion of using prescription pain relievers extra-medically: Associations with sex and with alcohol involvement Maria A. Parker, J.C. Anthony Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States Aims: This is a study of adolescents engaged in extra-medical use of prescription pain relievers ‘to get high’ and for other reasons (EMPPR; mainly opioids), and their risk of becoming opioid dependent. Using nationally representative samples of newly incident EMPPR users assessed before age 21 years, we estimate malefemale differences and test a theory-based hypothesis that alcohol dependence (AD) might accelerate progression from the 1st EMPPR occasion toward more serious opioids involvement within a span of 24 months after the 1st occasion of use. Methods: Data are from U.S. National Surveys on Drug Use & Health (SDA, 2002–2012), with n = 23,301 adolescent newly incident EMPPR users (age < 21 years), identified via IRB-approved computerized self-interviews, which also assessed alcohol involvement, including DSM-IV alcohol AD. Weighted estimates with Taylor series variances are reported, based on zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression models for complex data. Results: ZIP estimates for adolescents point toward a modest but not statistically significant female excess in the conditional rate of EMPPR use after the 1st occasion of EMPPR use (p > 0.05), with no male-female difference in the odds of EMPPR persistence beyond the 1st occasion (p > 0.05). As for recently active AD, the estimates point toward a possible independent effect of adolescent-onset AD as a determinant of EMPPR persistence beyond the 1st occasion of EMPPR use (p < 0.05), but no AD effect on the EMPPR rate if use persists (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Seedall and Anthony (2013) recently substantiated over-representation of girls among newly incident adolescent EMPPR opioid users. Extending that research, we did not find that adolescent girls have an excess rate of EMPPR use, once such use has progressed beyond the 1st trial occasion. However, adolescentonset AD may accelerate the rate of progression of EMPPR use, although it does not appear to affect the probability of transitioning beyond the 1st occasion of EMPPR use. Financial support: Supported by NIDA T32DA021129 (MAP); K05DA015799 (JCA). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.538 College student opinions about the use of non-medical prescription drugs Kathleen A. Parks, Kristine Levonyan-Radloff, Sarah Przybyla, Amy Hequembourg Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States Aims: The use of NMPDs has risen among college students over the past 20 years. The aims of the study were to determine college student perceptions of: (1) the common types of NMPDs being used; (2) the reasons for use of NMPDs; and (3) the positive and negative consequences associated with NMPD use. Methods: We conducted 8 focus group discussions with 61 students, who reported current NMPD use (i.e., past 3 months). The average age of the participants was 20 (SD = 1.6). The majority were male (64%), Caucasian (80%), and not Hispanic (81%). Nearly half (49%) were freshman or sophomores, and 46% lived on-campus.
Abstracts / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e34–e117
had ≥ one positive urine drug tests for cocaine. Receipt of BZD prescription was associated with an increased hazard of having ≥ two early opioid refills, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.54 (95% CI, 1.09–2.18); but was not associated with increased odds for a positive cocaine test, adjusted odds ratio = 1.07 (95% CI, 0.55–2.23). Conclusions: Among primary care patients receiving chronic opioid therapy, BZD prescription was associated with ≥ two early opioid refills but not with cocaine use. Because alternative therapies exist for the primary indications for BZD prescription, further research should better elucidate the risks and benefits of prescribing BZDs to patients receiving chronic opioid therapy. Financial support: R01DA034252-01, R25DA033211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.536 Exploring the effects of alcohol and marijuana use on experience of teen dating violence among high school students in Maryland Elizabeth Parker 1 , Catherine Bradshaw 1,2 , Katrina Debnam 1 , Adam J. Milam 1,3 , C.D. Furr-Holden 1 1
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States 2 Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States 3 School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States Aims: (1) To examine the association between marijuana and alcohol use and experience of teen dating violence (TDV), (2) to identify subtypes of alcohol and marijuana use, and (3) to examine the association between exposure to TDV and the alcohol and marijuana use classes among high school students. Methods: Data come from 27,758 high school students participating in the Spring 2013 Maryland Safe and Supportive Schools Climate Survey. Alcohol and marijuana use was measured using two items assessing past 30-day use (0 days/1 or more days). The outcome, TDV, comes from two items assessing physical TDV and psychological TDV in the past 12 months (combined; experience any TDV/no TDV). Multilevel modeling (MLM) analysis was used to control for clustering of students within classrooms and schools. Individual-level factors examined include alcohol and marijuana use, age, sex, race; school-level factors examined include percent minority, percent suspension, and enrollment. Results: Results indicate that 33% of the students reported recent alcohol use and 21% reported recent marijuana use. About 14% of students reported being hit, slapped, or physically hurt and/or threatened, degraded, or intimated by someone they were dating in the past year. The MLM revealed that students who reported using alcohol (B = 0.64; p < .001) and students who reported using marijuana (B = 0.67; p < .001) were at greater risk of experiencing TDV compared to students who did not report recent use of alcohol or marijuana. Latent class analysis will be used to address aim 2 and latent class regression will be used to address aim 3. Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest that alcohol and marijuana use may need to be addressed in TDV prevention or intervention programs. Financial support: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Education’s Safe and Supportive Schools Initiative and a NIDA T32 Training Grant (3T32DA007292-21). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.537
Beyond an adolescent’s first occasion of using prescription pain relievers extra-medically: Associations with sex and with alcohol involvement Maria A. Parker, J.C. Anthony Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States Aims: This is a study of adolescents engaged in extra-medical use of prescription pain relievers ‘to get high’ and for other reasons (EMPPR; mainly opioids), and their risk of becoming opioid dependent. Using nationally representative samples of newly incident EMPPR users assessed before age 21 years, we estimate malefemale differences and test a theory-based hypothesis that alcohol dependence (AD) might accelerate progression from the 1st EMPPR occasion toward more serious opioids involvement within a span of 24 months after the 1st occasion of use. Methods: Data are from U.S. National Surveys on Drug Use & Health (SDA, 2002–2012), with n = 23,301 adolescent newly incident EMPPR users (age < 21 years), identified via IRB-approved computerized self-interviews, which also assessed alcohol involvement, including DSM-IV alcohol AD. Weighted estimates with Taylor series variances are reported, based on zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression models for complex data. Results: ZIP estimates for adolescents point toward a modest but not statistically significant female excess in the conditional rate of EMPPR use after the 1st occasion of EMPPR use (p > 0.05), with no male-female difference in the odds of EMPPR persistence beyond the 1st occasion (p > 0.05). As for recently active AD, the estimates point toward a possible independent effect of adolescent-onset AD as a determinant of EMPPR persistence beyond the 1st occasion of EMPPR use (p < 0.05), but no AD effect on the EMPPR rate if use persists (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Seedall and Anthony (2013) recently substantiated over-representation of girls among newly incident adolescent EMPPR opioid users. Extending that research, we did not find that adolescent girls have an excess rate of EMPPR use, once such use has progressed beyond the 1st trial occasion. However, adolescentonset AD may accelerate the rate of progression of EMPPR use, although it does not appear to affect the probability of transitioning beyond the 1st occasion of EMPPR use. Financial support: Supported by NIDA T32DA021129 (MAP); K05DA015799 (JCA). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.538 College student opinions about the use of non-medical prescription drugs Kathleen A. Parks, Kristine Levonyan-Radloff, Sarah Przybyla, Amy Hequembourg Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States Aims: The use of NMPDs has risen among college students over the past 20 years. The aims of the study were to determine college student perceptions of: (1) the common types of NMPDs being used; (2) the reasons for use of NMPDs; and (3) the positive and negative consequences associated with NMPD use. Methods: We conducted 8 focus group discussions with 61 students, who reported current NMPD use (i.e., past 3 months). The average age of the participants was 20 (SD = 1.6). The majority were male (64%), Caucasian (80%), and not Hispanic (81%). Nearly half (49%) were freshman or sophomores, and 46% lived on-campus.