First Report of Five Noctuid Species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Korea

J. Asia-Pacific Entornol. 8 (2): 147~ 152 (2005) www.entomology.or.kr

SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION

First Report of Five Noctuid Species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Korea Jae Cheon Sohn', Laszlo Ronkay' and Sei Woong Choi* Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea 'Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea 20epartment of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary

Abstract Five species of Noctuidae, Adrapsa simplex (Butler), Hydrillodes lentalis Guenee, Xylena nihonica Hone, Rhynchaglaea scitula (Butler), and Lophoptera squammigera Guenee, are reported for the first time in Korea. Two genera, Adrapsa and Lophoptera, are newly recorded from the Korean fauna. Adults and genitalia of each species are illustrated and their biological and distributional notes are briefly described. Key words Cuculliinae, Herminiinae, Korean peninsula, Stictopterinae

Introduction Noctuidae, one of the largest lepidopteran families, represent an enormous diversity in morphology, comprising over 21,000 species in all zoogeographical regions (Holloway et al., 1987). Higher classification on the Noctuidae is still disputable. Kitching and Rawlin (1998) divided the family into three families (i.e. Noctuidae, Pantheidae, Nolidae) based on morphological characteristics. However, many researchers did not follow the system and they used a modified system or even the traditionally used system (Chen, 1999; Kononenko, 2003). We herein followed Scoble (1992)' s classification which combined Noctuidae and Nolidae. Since the comprehensive catalogue of the Korean Noctuidae by Kononenko et al. (1998), the taxonomy of the group had been improved by piecemeal additions of species [see Sohn and Kim (2004) for the bibliographic information]. As the result, a total of 1,011 species of noctuids have been recorded from the Korean peninsula (Sohn et al., 2004). Nevertheless, the numerical increasement of species *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +82-61-450-2783; Fax: +82-61-453-4843 (Received May 2, 2005; Accepted June 10, 2005)

still can be expected, considering lack of faunistic information on the southern part of Korea. After the taxonomic examination of the collections from the southern areas ofKorea including Is. Jeju-do, five noctuids new to Korea have been recognized, including a vagrant species, Lophoptera squammigera Guenee, The purpose of the present work is to describe these five noctuid species. Abbreviations for the examined specimen depository: [ABN] - Dept. of Agricultural Biology, NIAST, Suwon; [CBU] - Chungbuk National University, Cheongju; [MNU] - Mokpo National University, Muan; and [KSU] - Kyeongsang National University, Jinju; and for the provincial name of collecting localities: - Gyeongsangnam-do; - Jeollanam-do; and - Jeju-do

Taxonomic Accounts Adrapsa simplex (Butler) ~lQ-0H~~l_PR-(~~) (Figs. 1, 2, 7, 11)

Egnasia simplex Butler, 1879, Illust. typical Specimens Lepid. Heterocera ColIn Br. Mus. 3: 66, pl. 57: 5 [Type Locality: Yokohama, Japan]. Adrapsa simplex: Leech, 1900, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond., 1900: 613. Adrapsa (Egnasia) simplex: Matsumura, 1905, Cat. Insect. Jap. 1: 102. Badiza simpex: Warren, 1913, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World 1913: 442, pl. 74. Badiza notigera (nee Butler): Kawada, 1950, in Esaki et al., Icon. Ins. Japon. ed. 2: 741.

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Diagnosis. Among the Korean herminiines, this species is similar to Cidaripleura gladiata Butler in wing pattern, but can be distinguished by the strigulated postmedian line and the subterminal Wshaped, white bar on forewing. The species is similar to Adrapsa notigera (Butler) in both male and female genitalia, but can be distinguished by the sharper costal angulation of cucullus in the male genitalia and broader granulation area on upper corpus bursa in the female genitalia. Redescription (Figs. 1 and 2). Wingspan 30-34 mm (n=5). Forewings blackish brown; ante- and postmedian lines indistinctly shaded with white except to their costal areas representing white spots; Wshaped subterminal bars present near to apex; reniform and orbicular spots white. Hindwing blackish brown; postmedian line shaded with white, finely serrated; discal spot small, white. Male genitalia (Fig. 7). Uncus thick, falcate, acutely terminated. Valva rectangular; cucullus large, spatulate, rather extended costally, finely serrate along outer margin. Vinculum narrow, extending to spatulated process at the costal base of valva; saccus short, triangular. Aedeagus cylindrical, straight; vesica basally globular, with small hump-like diverticulum medially, and then tubular, digitate distally; basal diverticulum with granulated areas and few tooth-like spines. Female genitalia (Fig. 11). Lamella antevaginalis forming a pair of quadrate, granulated, finely winkled plates; ostium bursa pouch-like, well sclerotized. Ductus bursa short, sclerotized, strongly bent and granulated on the right side. Corpus bursa long, elliptical, with minutely spinulated area anteriorly. Materials examined. 1 t, Mt. Cheomcheolsan, Is. Jin-do (N34°28' 37.8" EI26°18' 04.1", Alt. 183m), 29 VI 2004 (IC Sohn), CBU; 1 t, Mt. Duryun-san, Haenam (N34°28, EI26°37'), 23 VI

2001 (TH Hyun), MNU, genitalia slide no. SJC-229; 2 -'1'-, ditto, 26 VI 2003 (col. MNU), geni. slide no. SJC-307; 1-'1'-, ditto, 8 VIII 2003 (col. MNU). Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, Taiwan. Host plants. It has been known from Japan that the larvae feed on the fallen leaves of various broadleaved trees (Owada, 1982). Bionomics. The adults are mainly collected in late June or early August, suggesting bivoltine in the southern part of Korea. Similarly, this species has one to two generations per year in Honshu, Japan (Owada, 1987b).

Hydrillodes lentaUs Guenee 'it lJJ 'it ~ 4-~ y-~(~~)

(Figs. 3 and 12) Hydrillodes lentalis Guenee, 1854, in Boisduval & Guenee, Hist. nat. Ins. Lepid. 8: 66, pl. 5, fig. 3 [TL: India, lectotype by Owada (1992)]. Bocana metisalis Walker, [1859] 1858, List Specimens lepid. Ins. ColI. Br. Mus. 16: 183. Hypochalcia repugnalis Walker, 1863, List Specimens lepid. Ins. Coll. Br. Mus. 27: 47. Hydrillodes submorosa Strand, 1920, Archiv Naturg, 84A(12): 165. Diagnosis. The species is superficially similar to Hydrillodes morosa (Butler) and H. pacificus Owada, but can be distinguished by rather smoothly scaled and less contrasting forewing pattern. However, the genitalia examination is always necessary for satisfactory identification among those three confusable species. H. lentalis can be characterized easily from East Asian congeners by unique shape of costal and saccular processes in the male genitalia and the more plain shape of sterigma in the female genitalia.

Figs. 1-6. Adults. I, 2. Adrapsa simplex (Butler); 3. Hydrillodes lentalis Guenee; 4. Xylena nihonica Hone; 5. Rhynchaglaea scitula (Butler); 6. Lophoptera squammigera Guenee

First report of five noctuid species from Korea

Redescription (Fig. 3). Wingspan 21-23 mm (n=3). Forewing rather narrow, blackish brown; region interior to postmedian line broadly suffused with greyish dark brown; ante- and postmedian line irregularly zigzagged; reniform stigma black, very small. Hindwing greyish dark brown, shaded marginally brown; discal spot present. Male genitalia. No male specimen has been found in this study. See Owada (1987b: Fig. 225 as H. repugnalis) for the illustration and description of the male genitalia. Female genitalia (Fig. 12). A pair of fan-like sterigma present at the lateral part of ostium opening (=antrum); ostium bursa small. Ductus bursa long, cylindrical, sclerotized. Corpus bursa long, pyriform, with long scierotized area near to orifice of ductus seminalis; ductus seminalis coiled 4 to 5 times. Materials examined. 1 iC, Mt. Y ongdeungsan, Hacheong, Is. Geojae-do (N34°5Y 46.6" E128° 39/ 35.7", Alt. 88m), 3 IX 2003 (SW Cho & HJ Park), CBU; 1 iC ,Mt. Myeongil-san, Bongseon, Hapcheon, 22-23 VIII 1998 (TH Ahn), KSU, geni. slide no. SJC-165; 1 iC, Mundong Valley, Shinhyon, Is. Geojae-do, 13 IX 2002 (JH Hwang), ABN.

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Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, Taiwan, Indo-Australian Region. Host plants. The larvae mainly feed on fallen leaves of several deciduous trees and occasionally on fresh leaves (Owada, 1987a, b). Bionomics. We collected the species occurring together with Hydrillodes morosa on Is. Geoje-do, Based on this, it is highly probable that the previous records of H. morosa from the southern coastal and insular regions in Korea contain H. lentalis. In Japan, the species is known to be multivoltine without any specific overwintering stage, but the moths occasionally established in the northern areas couldn't survive during winter (Owada, 1987a). Remarks. Kononenko et al. (1998) did not include this species in their catalogue of the Korean noctuids in spite of the previous records (Leech, 1889; Pak, 1964 as H. repugnalis). Members of Hydrillodes are usually polymorphic and externally indistinguishable (Kononenko et al., 1998). The genitalia examination is highly required for the correct identification. Herewith, we reconfirm residence of H. lentalis in the Korean fauna, based on three specimens.

7a

7 8a

9a

11

12.

Figs. 7-12. Male and female genitalia. 7-10. male (a-aedeagus): 7. Adrapsa simplex (Butler); 8. Xylena nihonica Hone; 9. Rhynchaglaea scitula (Butler); 10. Lophoptera squammigera Guenee; 11-12. female: II. Adrapsa simplex (Butler); 12. Hydrillodes lentalis Guenee

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Xylena nihonica Hone \t~ol ~~~y-lJJ(~;}J) (Figs. 4 and 8) Xylena nihonica Hone, 1917, Ent. Mag. Kyoto 3: 50, pI. 1: 4 [TL: Kobe, Japan, lectotype by Kononenko and Ronkay (1998)]. Xylena japonica Hone, 1917, Ent. Mag. Kyoto 3: 48, pI. 1: 3 [preoccupied; replaced by Sugi (1985)]. Diagnosis. This species has the extended apex of forewing, similar to Xylena fumosa (Butler), but can be distinguished from the latter by the speckled and strigulated basal area on forewing. Xylena nihonica Hone is closely related to X changi Horie and the former can be distinguished from the latter by the bifid tip of costal process and the long distal diverticulum of vesica in the male genitalia and the horizontal sclerotized band on corpus bursa of the female genitalia. Redescription (Fig. 4). Wingspan 52-54 mm (n=2). Forewing rather narrow, extending to apex; termen oblique, slightly serrated; ground color dark brown to red brown, suffused with whitish brown medially and basally, speckled with brownish white and black spots; orbicular spot black, ringed with whitish brown; reniform spot whitish brown, doubly ringed with black. Hindwing monotonous with blackish brown. Male genitalia (Fig. 8). Uncus moderately short, curved, dilated distally, hooked apically; penicular lobes well developed. Valva elongate, acutely rounded distally; harpe slender; costa well sclerotized, bifid terminally. Aedeagus moderately thick, cylindrical, bent medially; vesica broadly tubular basally, bifid after the middle; upper diverticulum digitate, with a bundle of seta-like cornuti; lower diverticulum tubular. Female genitalia. No specimen has been found during this study. See Owada et al. (1993) for illustration: ostium bursa bowl-shaped; ductus bursa long, swollen medially, ridged after its half; corpus bursa elliptical, longitudinally ridged, with sclerotized, horizontal band at its upper 1/3. Materials examined. 2 t, Mt. Duryun-san, Haenam, Provo Jeonnam, 19 III 2002 (leg. SW Choi & TH Hyun), MNU, genitalia slide no. SJC-287. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan. Host plants. Polyphagous; Prunus yedoensis Matsumura, Symplocos glauca (Thunb.) Koidz, Cleyera japonica Thunb., Camellia japonica L. and Quercus glauca Thunb. in Japan (Nishihara, 1995). Bionomics. The species is univoltine, flying in early spring. In Japan, the adults emerged in October and reactivated in March of the next year (Sugi, 1982). The life history of the species in Korea may be similar to that of the Japanese population. Remarks. Nishihara (1995) reported that the species

are cohabiting with X. changi, a very closely related and confusable species, in a few parts of Japan. The latter species has not been discovered in Korea yet. The Japanese population exhibited a remarkable variety of variation in the colorations and patterns of their forewings (Sugi, 1982), while the two specimens examined here show rather typical wing pattern.

Rhynchaglaea y-~ (~;}J)

scttute (Butler)

~7P·l y-.!f-~

(Figs. 5 and 9) Xylophasia scitula Butler, 1879, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5)4: 359 [TL: near Yokohama, Japan] Rhynchaglaea scitula Hampson, 1906, Cat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus. 6: 435. Rhynchaglaea kumamotonis Matsumura, 1926, Insceta matsum. 1: 54, pI. 1: 30. Diagnosis. This species is superficially close to R. fuscipennis Sugi, but can be distinguished from the latter by the triangular black patch on forewing base. When the diagnostic patch in R. scitula is invisible, the careful examination of genitalia- is required for the correct identification. In male genitalia, R. scitula is different from R. fuscipennis by the longer costal process and lack of dorso-basal protruding on sacculus. Redescription (Fig. 5). Wingspan 32-38 mm (n=3). Forewing moderately broad; termen slightly serrated; ground color reddish brown to dark brown, irrorated totally with black dots, speckled with dark brown; basal black bar present occasionally in male; orbicular spot ringed with bright brown; reniform spot dark orange. Hindwing brownish black. Male genitalia (Fig. 9). Uncus moderately short, curved, slender, hooked apically; penicular lobes narrow. Valva elongate, narrow, parallel-sided; cucullus small, scapel-shaped; costal process horn-like; saccular extension mounded; harpe slender, curved twice, hooked terminally. Aedeagus cylindrical, rather straight; vesica tubular approximately, globular at half, digitate distally with conical diverticulum; a bundle of seta-like cornuti present on the median, globular diverticulum and a horn-like cornutus present distally. Female genitalia. No specimen or previous reference for description was available during this study. Materials examined. 1 t, Mt. Duryun-san, Haenam, Provo Jeonnam, 19 III 2002 (leg. SW Choi &TH Hyun), MNU; 2 t, ditto (N 34°28' E 126°37'), 28 IV 2003 (col. MNU), genitalia slide no. SJC-286. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan. Bionomics. The species was rarer than R. jus-

First report of five noctuid species from Korea

cipennis in Japan and adults emerged in November

and reactivated from March to April (Sugi, 1982). Its detailed life history and host plant remained unknown, but seemed to be very similar to those of the latter species (Yamamoto and Sugi, 1987). Remarks. Peregovits et al. (1995) first reported R. fuscipennis from Is. Jeju-do, but their identification was made tentatively based on a single female with rather insufficient diagnostic characters in the genitalia (Kononenko et al., 1998). The examined specimens of R. scitula in this study infer the necessity of confirming the occurrence of R. fuscipennis and the co-existence of both species in Korea.

tophoptere squammigera Guenee Zl 'it 7~ 7.{} ~ ~y-uJ({l~)

(Figs. 6, 10) Lophoptera squammigera Guenee, 1852, in Boisduval & Guenee, Hist. nat. Insectes (Spec. gen. Lepid.) 7:

55, pl. 14, fig. 13 [TL: New Holland, Australia].

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from India (Mathur, 1942; Gardner, 1948). Bionomics. In Japan, the species had originally been treated as a migrant, but currently, its residence in the southern archipelago was expected (Yanagita and Nakao, 2003). We consider that this species as an accidental migrant, but its settlement in southern parts of Korea is possible based on the domestic wide distribution of Mallotus japonicus (Thunb.), one of its host plants. Remarks. The type locality of L. squammigera may be spurious (Holloway, 1985) because all australian records of the species refer to L. vittigera Walker (Edwards, 1996). Acknowledgment We would like to express our cordial thanks to Dr. Vladimir S. Kononenko (Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy, Vladivostok) and Dr. Mamoru Owada (National Science Museum, Tokyo) for giving valuable advices and reprints, to Prof. Jung-Seok Park (KSU, Jinju), Prof. Soowon Cho (CBU, Cheongju), and Dr. Hae-Chul Park (ABN, Suwon) for the loan of materials. This work was partly supported by the grant from Korea Research Foundation to CSW (R05-2004-000-10285-0).

Lophoptera costata Moore, 1885, Lepid. Ceylon 3: 123. Diagnosis. The species has unique pattern on forewing and can be distinguished easily from other Korean stictopterine species. L. squammigera Guenee is closely related to L. lineigera Holloway and can be distinguished from the latter by the broader and greyish horizontal area of forewing and thick costal process in the male genitalia. Redescription (Fig. 6). Wingspan 38 mm (n=I). Forewing rather narrow, greyish dark brown, striolated and irrorated with blackish brown scales; costal area broadly brownish black; postmedian and subterminal line present indistinctly, grey, accompanied with blackish brown, undulated. Hindwing broad, broadly rounded outer-marginally, brownish black; interior parts suffused with grey except veins; fringes of both wings brownish black. Male genitalia (Fig. 10). Uncus long, slender, slightly curved, acute apically. Valva elongate, triangular, digitate terminally; costal process arising at 2/3 of upper margin, long, broaden terminally. Aedeagus slender, rather strongly curved; bands of hair-like cornuti present. Female genitalia. We have not found any female specimen during this study. See Holloway (1985) for the illustration and diagnosis of the sister species. Material examined. 1 ;J;' , Mt. Seungdal-san, Muan, Provo Jeonnam (N 34°54/ E 126°27/), 19 VIII 2003 (col. MNU), genitalia slide no. SJC-288. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, Oriental tropics, Australia(?). Host plants. Mallotus, Briedelia (Euphorbiaceae), Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae), and Grewia (Tiliaceae)

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