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FMRI activities in the left inferior parietal lobule with left arm over right arm crossing
Abstracts / Neuroscience Research 71S (2011) e108–e415
P2-o14 Spatial selectivity of monkey hippocampal and parahippocampal place neurons to views of landmarks is different during virtual navigation Jumpei Matsumoto 1 , Yoichi Furuya 2 , Etsuro Hori 1 , Cyrus A. Villas-Boas 1 , Yutaka Shimada 2 , Taketoshi Ono 3 , Hisao Nishijo 1 1 System Emotional Sicence, Grad. Sch. of Med. Pharma. Sci., Univ. Toyama, Toyama, Japan 2 Dept. Jap. Orient. Med., Grad. Sch. of Med. Pharma. Sci., Univ. Toyama, Toyama, Japan 3 Dept. Judo Neurophysiotherapy, Grad. Sch. of Med. Pharma. Sci., Univ. Toyama, Toyama, Japan
In primates, both the hippocampal formation (HF) and the parahippocampal gyrus (PH) are suggested to have pivotal roles in spatial learning and memory. Although human noninvasive studies suggest some functional differences between the 2 regions, its neurophysiological bases are unclear. Previously we reported that both HF and PH neurons were selective to places during virtual navigation in monkeys (i.e., place cells, PCs). In the present study, we further analyzed the data in terms of tuning to views of the landmarks outside a circular field. The activities of monkey HF and PH neurons were recorded during performance of virtual navigation (VN) tasks. In the control VN task, a monkey navigated inside a circular open field (diameter, 20 m) surrounded by a wall (height, 0.3 m) with extra-maze distal cues located 5 m away from the wall. The monkey was required to navigate the circular open field and visit the 5 reward areas by manipulating a joystick. In the expanded VN task, with the same open field, the extra-maze distal cues were located 40 m away from the wall. In the reduced VN task, with a smaller open field (diam., 12 m), the extra-maze distal cues were located 3 m away from the wall. A total of 93 (HF: 52, PH: 41), 74 (HF: 45, PH: 29), 88 (HF: 50, PH: 38) PCs were found in the control, expanded, and reduced VN tasks, respectively. Spatial tuning of these PCs to the distal cues and segments of the walls were further analyzed using the data inside the place fields. The results indicated that, in the expanded VN task, spatial selectivity of the PCs to both the distal cues and wall segments was smaller in the HF than PH, suggesting some functional difference between the 2 regions. Based on these results, functional significance of these 2 regions during navigation will be discussed and compared with previous human fMRI studies. Research fund: JSPS Asian CORE Program, KAKENHI22240051. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.763
P2-o15 Sound localization map in inferior colliculus of chicken Iwao Fukui , Harunori Ohmori Dept. of Physiol. & Neurol., Fac. of Med, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan Inferior colliculus (IC) is the principal nucleus of the auditory pathway and receive input from several peripheral brainstem. In the barn owl, spatial sound localization is coded in the IC by two binaural cues, the interaural time difference (ITD) and the interaural level difference (ILD). We studied the distribution of the neuronal activity that sensitive to the ITD and ILD in chicken IC and we will discuss on the sound localization map. Research fund: 22700413. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.764
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86%) after the training. Correct rates were higher in SL trials than in LS trials, and in LS trials correct rates shifted lower for A-V and A-A trials compared to V-A and V-V trials. Single-unit activity was recorded from both sides of PFC in the two monkeys performing this task. A group of neurons showed differential activity between LS and SL trials in the second cue (C2) and/or the second delay (D2) periods. This result is the same as our previous result in the temporal discrimination task using visual cues only. Of 51 neurons showing task-related changes in C2 period, 12 and 16 neurons responded to only visual or auditory cues, respectively, and 23 neurons did to both modalities. These results suggest that PFC is involved in temporal discrimination process between sensory cues of different modalities, in a partially overlapping manner. Research fund: [KAKENHI(21500376)]. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.765
P2-o17 FMRI activities in the left inferior parietal lobule with left arm over right arm crossing Makoto Wada , Kouji Takano, Shiro Ikegami, Kenji Kansaku Sys Neurosci Sect, Dept Brain Fnct, Res Inst of Natl Rehab Center, Tokorozawa, Japan When tactile stimuli were delivered to crossed arms, reversal of subjective temporal order occurs (Yamamoto & Kitazawa, 2001; Shore et al., 2002), and the effect was stronger with left arm over right arm crossing (Kitazawa et al., 2007). We previously reported that crossing arms caused baseline changes of activities in the wide area of the left posterior parietal cortex extended to the temporo-parietal junction without tactile stimuli (Wada et al., 2010). In this study, we aimed to seek activities related to two types of arm crossing (left arm over right arm crossing and right arm over left arm crossing). Subjects (n = 12, 9 males) were required to change their arm positions from the rest position (besides the legs) to the test position (on the legs): with their arms uncrossed, with their left arms over right arms crossing (cross L), or with their right arms over left arms crossing (cross R). We also tested both eyes closed (C) and eyes opened (O) conditions. Beep sounds were used for the cue to instruct the task timings. Duration of each epoch was 40 seconds. We measured fMRI signals during the task. When conducting the two-way ANOVA (factors of cross L/R and eye C/O), the left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) showed significant main effect of cross L/R ([−46,−66,39]; p < 0.05, uncorrected) and the activation was greater during the cross L condition. Significant main effect of eye C/O was observed in the left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) ([−42,−39,38]; p < 0.05, uncorrected) and the activation was greater with the eyes closed condition. We found fMRI activities related to the two types of arm position: cross L and cross R in the left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), and the activation was greater with left arm over right arm crossing. The area may have a role in monitoring the arm position when crossed. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.766
P2-o18 Navigation-related neurons in the parahippocampal cortex and the medial parietal region in macaque monkeys Shumpei Unno 1 , Nobuya Sato 2 , Masato Taira 3 1
P2-o16 Response properties of monkey prefrontal neurons to visual and auditory cues in a duration discrimination task Atsushi Chiba , Ken-ichi Oshio, Masahiko Inase Dept. of Physiol., Fac. of Med., Kinki Univ., Osaka-Sayama, Japan Brain is a time processing machine. Neuropsychological and brain-imaging studies have indicated the involvement of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in temporal information processing. It has not been elucidated how temporal information on different types of sensory cues is handled in PFC. To clarify this question, the present experiment investigated response properties of monkey PFC neurons to visual and auditory cues in a duration discrimination task. Two monkeys were trained to perform a duration discrimination task using visual and auditory cues. In the task, two cues were presented consecutively for different duration ranging from 0.2 to 1.8 s. Each cue was either visual (V, a green square) or auditory (A, 2000 Hz tone), and followed by a 1 s-delay period. The subjects were required to choose a longer presented cue after the second delay period. There are four kinds of cue modality combination, V-V, V-A, A-V, and A-A. Cue modality combination and order of cue duration (long-short, LS and short-long, SL) were randomized in each trial. Both monkeys executed the task at constant correct response rates (an average of
Dept Physiol, Sch Dent, Nihon Univ, Tokyo 2 Dept Integrated Psychol Sci, Kwansei Gakuin Univ, Nishinomiya 3 Grad Sch Med Dent Sci, Tokyo Med Dent Univ, Tokyo To investigate the neuronal mechanisms underlying navigation, neurons were recorded in the parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and the medial parietal region (MPR) while the monkey actively navigated through the virtual environment. A trial was begun by the presentation of a destination room (the cue period). Then the monkey was required to move from the starting point (SP) to the destination room (goal) by operating the joystick. The destination room was randomly chosen among four candidates. Each route has two check points (CPs) between the SP and the goal. At each CP, the monkey determined a direction of movement by tilting the joystick to the left or right, and then moved to the next CP by tilting the joystick forward. In the PHC, significantly larger populations of neurons responded during the cue period and showed selectivity for rooms than in the MPR. In contrast, MPR neurons responded during movement between the SP and the goal, especially during turning at each CP, significantly more frequently than PHC neurons did. As to the responses during turning at each CP, population histogram analysis showed that the activation of MPR neurons began before the onset of tilting the joystick to the left or right while PHC neurons were activated later. These
P2-o14 Spatial selectivity of monkey hippocampal and parahippocampal place neurons to views of landmarks is different during virtual navigation Jumpei Matsumoto 1 , Yoichi Furuya 2 , Etsuro Hori 1 , Cyrus A. Villas-Boas 1 , Yutaka Shimada 2 , Taketoshi Ono 3 , Hisao Nishijo 1 1 System Emotional Sicence, Grad. Sch. of Med. Pharma. Sci., Univ. Toyama, Toyama, Japan 2 Dept. Jap. Orient. Med., Grad. Sch. of Med. Pharma. Sci., Univ. Toyama, Toyama, Japan 3 Dept. Judo Neurophysiotherapy, Grad. Sch. of Med. Pharma. Sci., Univ. Toyama, Toyama, Japan
In primates, both the hippocampal formation (HF) and the parahippocampal gyrus (PH) are suggested to have pivotal roles in spatial learning and memory. Although human noninvasive studies suggest some functional differences between the 2 regions, its neurophysiological bases are unclear. Previously we reported that both HF and PH neurons were selective to places during virtual navigation in monkeys (i.e., place cells, PCs). In the present study, we further analyzed the data in terms of tuning to views of the landmarks outside a circular field. The activities of monkey HF and PH neurons were recorded during performance of virtual navigation (VN) tasks. In the control VN task, a monkey navigated inside a circular open field (diameter, 20 m) surrounded by a wall (height, 0.3 m) with extra-maze distal cues located 5 m away from the wall. The monkey was required to navigate the circular open field and visit the 5 reward areas by manipulating a joystick. In the expanded VN task, with the same open field, the extra-maze distal cues were located 40 m away from the wall. In the reduced VN task, with a smaller open field (diam., 12 m), the extra-maze distal cues were located 3 m away from the wall. A total of 93 (HF: 52, PH: 41), 74 (HF: 45, PH: 29), 88 (HF: 50, PH: 38) PCs were found in the control, expanded, and reduced VN tasks, respectively. Spatial tuning of these PCs to the distal cues and segments of the walls were further analyzed using the data inside the place fields. The results indicated that, in the expanded VN task, spatial selectivity of the PCs to both the distal cues and wall segments was smaller in the HF than PH, suggesting some functional difference between the 2 regions. Based on these results, functional significance of these 2 regions during navigation will be discussed and compared with previous human fMRI studies. Research fund: JSPS Asian CORE Program, KAKENHI22240051. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.763
P2-o15 Sound localization map in inferior colliculus of chicken Iwao Fukui , Harunori Ohmori Dept. of Physiol. & Neurol., Fac. of Med, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan Inferior colliculus (IC) is the principal nucleus of the auditory pathway and receive input from several peripheral brainstem. In the barn owl, spatial sound localization is coded in the IC by two binaural cues, the interaural time difference (ITD) and the interaural level difference (ILD). We studied the distribution of the neuronal activity that sensitive to the ITD and ILD in chicken IC and we will discuss on the sound localization map. Research fund: 22700413. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.764
e177
86%) after the training. Correct rates were higher in SL trials than in LS trials, and in LS trials correct rates shifted lower for A-V and A-A trials compared to V-A and V-V trials. Single-unit activity was recorded from both sides of PFC in the two monkeys performing this task. A group of neurons showed differential activity between LS and SL trials in the second cue (C2) and/or the second delay (D2) periods. This result is the same as our previous result in the temporal discrimination task using visual cues only. Of 51 neurons showing task-related changes in C2 period, 12 and 16 neurons responded to only visual or auditory cues, respectively, and 23 neurons did to both modalities. These results suggest that PFC is involved in temporal discrimination process between sensory cues of different modalities, in a partially overlapping manner. Research fund: [KAKENHI(21500376)]. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.765
P2-o17 FMRI activities in the left inferior parietal lobule with left arm over right arm crossing Makoto Wada , Kouji Takano, Shiro Ikegami, Kenji Kansaku Sys Neurosci Sect, Dept Brain Fnct, Res Inst of Natl Rehab Center, Tokorozawa, Japan When tactile stimuli were delivered to crossed arms, reversal of subjective temporal order occurs (Yamamoto & Kitazawa, 2001; Shore et al., 2002), and the effect was stronger with left arm over right arm crossing (Kitazawa et al., 2007). We previously reported that crossing arms caused baseline changes of activities in the wide area of the left posterior parietal cortex extended to the temporo-parietal junction without tactile stimuli (Wada et al., 2010). In this study, we aimed to seek activities related to two types of arm crossing (left arm over right arm crossing and right arm over left arm crossing). Subjects (n = 12, 9 males) were required to change their arm positions from the rest position (besides the legs) to the test position (on the legs): with their arms uncrossed, with their left arms over right arms crossing (cross L), or with their right arms over left arms crossing (cross R). We also tested both eyes closed (C) and eyes opened (O) conditions. Beep sounds were used for the cue to instruct the task timings. Duration of each epoch was 40 seconds. We measured fMRI signals during the task. When conducting the two-way ANOVA (factors of cross L/R and eye C/O), the left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) showed significant main effect of cross L/R ([−46,−66,39]; p < 0.05, uncorrected) and the activation was greater during the cross L condition. Significant main effect of eye C/O was observed in the left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) ([−42,−39,38]; p < 0.05, uncorrected) and the activation was greater with the eyes closed condition. We found fMRI activities related to the two types of arm position: cross L and cross R in the left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), and the activation was greater with left arm over right arm crossing. The area may have a role in monitoring the arm position when crossed. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.766
P2-o18 Navigation-related neurons in the parahippocampal cortex and the medial parietal region in macaque monkeys Shumpei Unno 1 , Nobuya Sato 2 , Masato Taira 3 1
P2-o16 Response properties of monkey prefrontal neurons to visual and auditory cues in a duration discrimination task Atsushi Chiba , Ken-ichi Oshio, Masahiko Inase Dept. of Physiol., Fac. of Med., Kinki Univ., Osaka-Sayama, Japan Brain is a time processing machine. Neuropsychological and brain-imaging studies have indicated the involvement of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in temporal information processing. It has not been elucidated how temporal information on different types of sensory cues is handled in PFC. To clarify this question, the present experiment investigated response properties of monkey PFC neurons to visual and auditory cues in a duration discrimination task. Two monkeys were trained to perform a duration discrimination task using visual and auditory cues. In the task, two cues were presented consecutively for different duration ranging from 0.2 to 1.8 s. Each cue was either visual (V, a green square) or auditory (A, 2000 Hz tone), and followed by a 1 s-delay period. The subjects were required to choose a longer presented cue after the second delay period. There are four kinds of cue modality combination, V-V, V-A, A-V, and A-A. Cue modality combination and order of cue duration (long-short, LS and short-long, SL) were randomized in each trial. Both monkeys executed the task at constant correct response rates (an average of
Dept Physiol, Sch Dent, Nihon Univ, Tokyo 2 Dept Integrated Psychol Sci, Kwansei Gakuin Univ, Nishinomiya 3 Grad Sch Med Dent Sci, Tokyo Med Dent Univ, Tokyo To investigate the neuronal mechanisms underlying navigation, neurons were recorded in the parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and the medial parietal region (MPR) while the monkey actively navigated through the virtual environment. A trial was begun by the presentation of a destination room (the cue period). Then the monkey was required to move from the starting point (SP) to the destination room (goal) by operating the joystick. The destination room was randomly chosen among four candidates. Each route has two check points (CPs) between the SP and the goal. At each CP, the monkey determined a direction of movement by tilting the joystick to the left or right, and then moved to the next CP by tilting the joystick forward. In the PHC, significantly larger populations of neurons responded during the cue period and showed selectivity for rooms than in the MPR. In contrast, MPR neurons responded during movement between the SP and the goal, especially during turning at each CP, significantly more frequently than PHC neurons did. As to the responses during turning at each CP, population histogram analysis showed that the activation of MPR neurons began before the onset of tilting the joystick to the left or right while PHC neurons were activated later. These