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Fragrance raw materials monographs
Fragrance raw materials monographs
953
PERU BALSAM OIL
Description and physical properties: EOA Spec. no. 65. Both benzyl benzoate and benzyl cinnamate are prominent constituents of Peru balsam oil (Gildemeister & Hoffman, 1959; Guenther, 1952). Occurrence: Found in the balsam of M)~'oxylon pereirae (Royle) Klotzsch (Fam. Leguminosae). Preparation: By extraction with volatile solvents or distillation from balsam of Peru. Uses: In public use since the 1920s. Use in fragrances in the USA amounts to less than 14,000 lb/yr. Concentration in final product (%): Usual Maximum
Soap
Deteryent
Creams,lotions
Perfume
0"01 0"10
0.001 0.01
0.005 0.03
0"10 0.80
Analytical data: Gas chromatogram, RIFM nos 72-1 & 72-5; infra-red curve, RIFM nos 72--1, 72-2 & 72-5. Status Peru balsam oil was granted GRAS status by FEMA (1965)and is the subject of a Food
Chemicals Codex (1972) monograph. Biological data
Acute toxicity. The acute oral LDsos in rats were reported as 3.5 ml/kg (3.0-3.8 ml/kg) for RIFM no. 72-1 (Moreno, 1972b) and as 2"36 ml/kg (2.05-2.71 ml/kg) for RIFM no. 72-2 (Levenstein, 1972). The acute dermal LDsos in rabbits were reported as >2g/kg for RIFM no. 72-1 (Moreno, 1972a)and as >5g/kg for RIFM no. 72-2 (Levenstein, 1972). Irritation. Peru balsam oil applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was slightly irritating (Moreno, 1972a; R1FM no. 72-1). Applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion, it was not irritating (Levenstein, 1972; RIFM no. 72-2). Two different samples of Peru balsam oil (RIFM nos 72-1 & 72-2)applied undiluted to the backs of hairless mice produced no irritating effects (Urbach & Forbes, 1972). Five different samples (RIFM nos 72- 1, 72-2, 72-3, 72-4& 72-5) tested at a concentration of 8~ in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closedpatch test on human subjects (Kligman, 1972). Sensitization. Maximization tests (Kligman, 1966) carried out on 25 volunteers at a concentration of 8% in petrolatum using five different samples of Peru balsam oils (RIFM nos 72-1, 72-2, 72-3, 72-4 & 72-5) produced no reactions (Kligman, 1972). Phototoxicity. No phototoxic effects were reported for two samples of Peru balsam oil (RIFM nos 72- I & 72.--2) (Urbach & Forbes, 1972). Re,redes Flavoring Extract Manufacturers' Association (1965). Survey of flavoring ingredient usage levels. No. 2117. Fd Technol., Champaiyn 19(2), part 2, 155. Food Chemicals Codex (1972). 2nd ed. Prepared by the Committee on Specifications. Food Chemicals Codex. ofthe Committee on Food Protection. p. 72. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Publ. 1406, Washington, D.C. Gildemeister, E. u. Hoffman, F. (1959). Die ~ltherischen Ole. Vol. V, p. 324. Akademie Verlag, Berlin.
954
D.L. J. OPD'~'KE
Guenther, E. (1952). The Essential Oils. Vol. V, p. 217. D. Van Nostrand, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey. Kligman, A. M. (1966). The identification of contact allergens by human assay. III. The maximization test. A procedure for screening and rating contact sensitizers. J. ire'est. Derm. 47, 393. Kligman, A. M. (1972). Report to RIFM, 2 May and 1 June. Levenstein, I. (1972). Report to RIFM. 13 January. Moreno, O. M. (1972a). Report to RIFM. 19 February. Moreno, O. M. (1972b). Report to RIFM. 14 March. Urbach, F. & Forbes, P. D. (1972). Report to RIFM, 26 May.
953
PERU BALSAM OIL
Description and physical properties: EOA Spec. no. 65. Both benzyl benzoate and benzyl cinnamate are prominent constituents of Peru balsam oil (Gildemeister & Hoffman, 1959; Guenther, 1952). Occurrence: Found in the balsam of M)~'oxylon pereirae (Royle) Klotzsch (Fam. Leguminosae). Preparation: By extraction with volatile solvents or distillation from balsam of Peru. Uses: In public use since the 1920s. Use in fragrances in the USA amounts to less than 14,000 lb/yr. Concentration in final product (%): Usual Maximum
Soap
Deteryent
Creams,lotions
Perfume
0"01 0"10
0.001 0.01
0.005 0.03
0"10 0.80
Analytical data: Gas chromatogram, RIFM nos 72-1 & 72-5; infra-red curve, RIFM nos 72--1, 72-2 & 72-5. Status Peru balsam oil was granted GRAS status by FEMA (1965)and is the subject of a Food
Chemicals Codex (1972) monograph. Biological data
Acute toxicity. The acute oral LDsos in rats were reported as 3.5 ml/kg (3.0-3.8 ml/kg) for RIFM no. 72-1 (Moreno, 1972b) and as 2"36 ml/kg (2.05-2.71 ml/kg) for RIFM no. 72-2 (Levenstein, 1972). The acute dermal LDsos in rabbits were reported as >2g/kg for RIFM no. 72-1 (Moreno, 1972a)and as >5g/kg for RIFM no. 72-2 (Levenstein, 1972). Irritation. Peru balsam oil applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was slightly irritating (Moreno, 1972a; R1FM no. 72-1). Applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion, it was not irritating (Levenstein, 1972; RIFM no. 72-2). Two different samples of Peru balsam oil (RIFM nos 72-1 & 72-2)applied undiluted to the backs of hairless mice produced no irritating effects (Urbach & Forbes, 1972). Five different samples (RIFM nos 72- 1, 72-2, 72-3, 72-4& 72-5) tested at a concentration of 8~ in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closedpatch test on human subjects (Kligman, 1972). Sensitization. Maximization tests (Kligman, 1966) carried out on 25 volunteers at a concentration of 8% in petrolatum using five different samples of Peru balsam oils (RIFM nos 72-1, 72-2, 72-3, 72-4 & 72-5) produced no reactions (Kligman, 1972). Phototoxicity. No phototoxic effects were reported for two samples of Peru balsam oil (RIFM nos 72- I & 72.--2) (Urbach & Forbes, 1972). Re,redes Flavoring Extract Manufacturers' Association (1965). Survey of flavoring ingredient usage levels. No. 2117. Fd Technol., Champaiyn 19(2), part 2, 155. Food Chemicals Codex (1972). 2nd ed. Prepared by the Committee on Specifications. Food Chemicals Codex. ofthe Committee on Food Protection. p. 72. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Publ. 1406, Washington, D.C. Gildemeister, E. u. Hoffman, F. (1959). Die ~ltherischen Ole. Vol. V, p. 324. Akademie Verlag, Berlin.
954
D.L. J. OPD'~'KE
Guenther, E. (1952). The Essential Oils. Vol. V, p. 217. D. Van Nostrand, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey. Kligman, A. M. (1966). The identification of contact allergens by human assay. III. The maximization test. A procedure for screening and rating contact sensitizers. J. ire'est. Derm. 47, 393. Kligman, A. M. (1972). Report to RIFM, 2 May and 1 June. Levenstein, I. (1972). Report to RIFM. 13 January. Moreno, O. M. (1972a). Report to RIFM. 19 February. Moreno, O. M. (1972b). Report to RIFM. 14 March. Urbach, F. & Forbes, P. D. (1972). Report to RIFM, 26 May.