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Genetic algorithms: a powerful tool for large-scale non-linear optimization problems
78A
ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES:DESIGN METHODS
952248 Spatial analysis of lineaments C. D. Clark & C. Wilson, Computers & Geosciences, 20(7-8), 1994, pp 1237-1258.
other words, 3D-DMO can be implemented by 2D-DMO in offset direction only. (from English summary)
This paper describes a program that will perform some simple spatial analysis of lineaments, and which is useful particularly for lineaments that are arranged as parallel sets. The lineaments may be geological faults, drumlins, linear sand dunes, or any other phenomena that can be mapped as single line-elements. The outputs from the program are lineament lengths, orientations, parallel and perpendicular spacings, nearest-neighbor distances, and an assessment of how the spatial distribution of the lineaments compares to a purely random pattern. (from Authors)
952253 Heavy oil recovery by inert gas injection with horizontal wells M. R. Islam, A. Chakma & K. N. Jha, Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering, 11(3), 1994, pp 213-226.
952249 Genetic algorithms: a powerful tool for large-scale nonlinear optimization problems K. Gallagher & M. Sambridge, Computers & Geosciences, 20(7-8), 1994, pp 1229-1236. Genetic algorithms represent an efficient global method for nonlinear optimization problems, that are encountered in the earth sciences. They share the favorable characteristics of random Monte Carlo over local optimization methods in that they do not require linearizing assumptions nor the calculation of partial derivatives, are independent of the misfit criterion, and avoid numerical instabilities associated with matrix inversion. This paper describes the basic genetic algorithm, briefly highlights some recent applications in the earth sciences and concludes that, in this field, the methodology should have many applications. (from Authors) 952250 A weHbore simulator for mud-shale interaction studies L. Bailey, J. H. Denis, G. Goldsmith, P. L. Hall & J. D. Sherwood, Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering, 11(3), 1994, pp 195-211. A wdlbore simulator for investigating mud/shale interactions is described. The wellbore radius is measured during swelling by means of a caliper, and results obtained using several drilling muds are reported in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the machine. The effect of mud pressure on the wellbore radius is also reported. The response of the shale to stresses applied during drainage is analyzed using poroelasticity theory. (from Authors) 952251 System safety analysis of well-control equipment J. H. Fowler & J. R. Roche, SPE Drillling & Completion, 9(3), 1994, pp 193-198. Two techniques arc used for reliability analysis of blowout preventer (BOP) and a hydraulic control system. Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) examines each part and the consequences of its malfunction. Fault tree analysis (FTA) traces undesired events to their causes. Reliability calculations and data sources are addressed. (Authors)
The application of gas injection to horizontal wells for the recovery of heavy oils from shallow reservoirs has been investigated using a 2D physical model. Oil recovery using gravity-stabilization may be as high as 70% of the oil-in-place for moderately viscous heavy oil reservoirs. The importance of maintaining a stable displacement front was demonstrated through several displacement tests under unstable as well as pseudostable displacement regimes. (from Authors) 952254 Some aspects in inversion of potential field data: a draped approximate inverse approach B. N. Rao, P. Ramakrishna & A. Markandeyulu, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 32(2-3), 1994, pp 219-233. The mathematical details and underlying principles for the damped approximate inversion technique are briefly discussed. The damping factors and relative threshold are optimally selected so that a maximum of useful information is utilised in retrieving the model parameters. The degree of uniqueness in resolving the parameters is studied from the resolution matrix, cigenvahies, damping factors and Vmatrix. Two field examples, a Bouguer gravity anomaly profile from the Banovcc basin and a total intensity magnetic anomaly profile from the Bijawar basin, demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme. (from Authors) 952255 An integrated data-directed numerical method for estimating the undiscovered mineral endowment in a region R. B. McCammon, W. I. Finch, J. O. Kork & N. J. Bridges, Nonrenewable Resources, 3(2), 1994, pp 109-122. An integrated data-directed numerical method has been developed to estimate the undiscovered mineral endowment within a given area. The method has been used to estimate the undiscovered uranium endowment in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA. The method can be applied to any mineral of energy commodity provided that the data collected reflect discovered endowment. (from Authors) 952256 Experiences with an expert system for gold exploration in Botswana S. Rehder, Nonrenewable Resources, 3(2), 1994, pp 123-131.
952252 New technic for 3D prestack migration (in Chinese) Chen Bi-Yuan & Ma Zai-Tian, Acta Geophysica Sin&a, 37(3), 1994, pp 400-407.
A simple and easy-to-use expert system shell for personal computers was applied to construct an inference network for ¢pigenetic gold deposits. The main objective was the structural analysis of domain knowledge for a target assessment. Aspects of human reasoning are discussed and compared with machine reasoning. Some actual problems concerning the inversion of rules under uncertainty, contrary evidences, and prior probabilities are discussed. (from Author)
Response of 3D prestack migration varies with the offset direction, but no such variance exists for 2D prestack migration. This paper applies (x, y) spatial coordinates rotation to derive offset adaptive and dependent 3D wave equation and theoretically quantifies the relationship between offset direction and migration response. It is demonstrated that 3D-DMO effect is only related to offset direction, in
952257 A data base on occurrences of gold in Central Asia and its appHcatinn I. V. Levchenko, Nonrenewable Resources, 3(2), 1994, pp 96108.
ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES:DESIGN METHODS
952248 Spatial analysis of lineaments C. D. Clark & C. Wilson, Computers & Geosciences, 20(7-8), 1994, pp 1237-1258.
other words, 3D-DMO can be implemented by 2D-DMO in offset direction only. (from English summary)
This paper describes a program that will perform some simple spatial analysis of lineaments, and which is useful particularly for lineaments that are arranged as parallel sets. The lineaments may be geological faults, drumlins, linear sand dunes, or any other phenomena that can be mapped as single line-elements. The outputs from the program are lineament lengths, orientations, parallel and perpendicular spacings, nearest-neighbor distances, and an assessment of how the spatial distribution of the lineaments compares to a purely random pattern. (from Authors)
952253 Heavy oil recovery by inert gas injection with horizontal wells M. R. Islam, A. Chakma & K. N. Jha, Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering, 11(3), 1994, pp 213-226.
952249 Genetic algorithms: a powerful tool for large-scale nonlinear optimization problems K. Gallagher & M. Sambridge, Computers & Geosciences, 20(7-8), 1994, pp 1229-1236. Genetic algorithms represent an efficient global method for nonlinear optimization problems, that are encountered in the earth sciences. They share the favorable characteristics of random Monte Carlo over local optimization methods in that they do not require linearizing assumptions nor the calculation of partial derivatives, are independent of the misfit criterion, and avoid numerical instabilities associated with matrix inversion. This paper describes the basic genetic algorithm, briefly highlights some recent applications in the earth sciences and concludes that, in this field, the methodology should have many applications. (from Authors) 952250 A weHbore simulator for mud-shale interaction studies L. Bailey, J. H. Denis, G. Goldsmith, P. L. Hall & J. D. Sherwood, Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering, 11(3), 1994, pp 195-211. A wdlbore simulator for investigating mud/shale interactions is described. The wellbore radius is measured during swelling by means of a caliper, and results obtained using several drilling muds are reported in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the machine. The effect of mud pressure on the wellbore radius is also reported. The response of the shale to stresses applied during drainage is analyzed using poroelasticity theory. (from Authors) 952251 System safety analysis of well-control equipment J. H. Fowler & J. R. Roche, SPE Drillling & Completion, 9(3), 1994, pp 193-198. Two techniques arc used for reliability analysis of blowout preventer (BOP) and a hydraulic control system. Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) examines each part and the consequences of its malfunction. Fault tree analysis (FTA) traces undesired events to their causes. Reliability calculations and data sources are addressed. (Authors)
The application of gas injection to horizontal wells for the recovery of heavy oils from shallow reservoirs has been investigated using a 2D physical model. Oil recovery using gravity-stabilization may be as high as 70% of the oil-in-place for moderately viscous heavy oil reservoirs. The importance of maintaining a stable displacement front was demonstrated through several displacement tests under unstable as well as pseudostable displacement regimes. (from Authors) 952254 Some aspects in inversion of potential field data: a draped approximate inverse approach B. N. Rao, P. Ramakrishna & A. Markandeyulu, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 32(2-3), 1994, pp 219-233. The mathematical details and underlying principles for the damped approximate inversion technique are briefly discussed. The damping factors and relative threshold are optimally selected so that a maximum of useful information is utilised in retrieving the model parameters. The degree of uniqueness in resolving the parameters is studied from the resolution matrix, cigenvahies, damping factors and Vmatrix. Two field examples, a Bouguer gravity anomaly profile from the Banovcc basin and a total intensity magnetic anomaly profile from the Bijawar basin, demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme. (from Authors) 952255 An integrated data-directed numerical method for estimating the undiscovered mineral endowment in a region R. B. McCammon, W. I. Finch, J. O. Kork & N. J. Bridges, Nonrenewable Resources, 3(2), 1994, pp 109-122. An integrated data-directed numerical method has been developed to estimate the undiscovered mineral endowment within a given area. The method has been used to estimate the undiscovered uranium endowment in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA. The method can be applied to any mineral of energy commodity provided that the data collected reflect discovered endowment. (from Authors) 952256 Experiences with an expert system for gold exploration in Botswana S. Rehder, Nonrenewable Resources, 3(2), 1994, pp 123-131.
952252 New technic for 3D prestack migration (in Chinese) Chen Bi-Yuan & Ma Zai-Tian, Acta Geophysica Sin&a, 37(3), 1994, pp 400-407.
A simple and easy-to-use expert system shell for personal computers was applied to construct an inference network for ¢pigenetic gold deposits. The main objective was the structural analysis of domain knowledge for a target assessment. Aspects of human reasoning are discussed and compared with machine reasoning. Some actual problems concerning the inversion of rules under uncertainty, contrary evidences, and prior probabilities are discussed. (from Author)
Response of 3D prestack migration varies with the offset direction, but no such variance exists for 2D prestack migration. This paper applies (x, y) spatial coordinates rotation to derive offset adaptive and dependent 3D wave equation and theoretically quantifies the relationship between offset direction and migration response. It is demonstrated that 3D-DMO effect is only related to offset direction, in
952257 A data base on occurrences of gold in Central Asia and its appHcatinn I. V. Levchenko, Nonrenewable Resources, 3(2), 1994, pp 96108.