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Geoelectric and Geothermal Studies (East-Central Europe, Soviet Asia). KAPG Geophysical Monograph
Geoexploralion, 16 (1978) 329--- 334 o Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,
329 Amsterdam
-~ Printed
in The Netherlands
Book Reviews Geoelectric and Geothermal Studies (East-Central Europe, Soviet Asia). KAPG Geophysical Monograph. A. Adam (Editor). Akadkmiai Kiadci, Budapest, 1976, 752 pp., US$48.00. This impressive collection of 67 papers on geoelectric and heat-flow studies in Eastern Europe and Siberia is the result of the KAPG program which is a cooperative effort by the Committee of Academies of Sciences of Socialist Countries for Planetary Geophysical Investigations and which was established in 1966. The field work has been carried out in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Soviet Union. The editor-in-chief, Professor A. Adam, is at the Geodetical and Geophysical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Science, Sopron, Hungary. The collection is divided into six main chapters. The first chapter entitled “Collecting and Processing of Geothermal Data” includes 9 papers on marine heat-flow studies, infrared techniques, thermalconductivity measurements, pressure dependence of the thermal diffusivity, processing of heat-flow data, paleoclimatic effects and the scattering of the heat-flow field by inhomogeneities. The most important contribution is a paper on the scattering effect by Lubimova, Lyuboshits and Nikita. It gives a rather detailed analytic discussion of the effects of layering and scattering by bodies of various geometries. The second chapter on “Collecting of Geoelectric Data: Theory, Data Processing, Limitations” includes 13 papers on magnetic variation profiling, geomagnetic induction, magnetctelluric techniques, effects of layering, conductivity inhomogeneities and anisotropy, special data-processing techniques, studies of the micropulsation source field and physical-modeling techniques. This is a p~ticularly interesting section containing a number of quite detailed papers on various aspects of theoretical geoelectricity. Both forward and inverse problems are discussed by Rokityansky, Treuman, Berdichevsky, Petr and others. Moreover, Porstendorfer furnishes a valuable catalogue of conductivity models which have been discussed in the literature. One rather lengthy paper by Volarovich and Parkhomenko on “Electric Properties of Rocks at High Temperatures and Pressures” constitutes the third chapter. The paper lists a number of important experimental results. Results of extensive heat-flow observations are presented in 13 papers in the fourth chapter entitled “Geothermal Data and Their Complex Interpretation on Test Areas”. This chapter gives a good overview of the heat-flow field in Eastern Europe and Siberia. The data are summarized in two heatflow maps which are adjoined by a map of estimated geoisotherms at the depth of one km. The fifth chapter entitled “Deep Electromagnetic Investigations and Their Geothermic Interpretation on Test Areas”, which includes a total of 30
330
papers, presents a wealth of observational results in various parts of Eastern Europe and Siberia. The data are based on both geomagnetic variation profiling and magnetotelluric techniques. Forward model calculations have been carried out and the data are in some cases interpreted with regard to the conductivity and temperature distribution to depths of several hundred kilometers. A very notable result of these efforts is the discovery of relatively high conductivity layers in the earth’s crust and upper mantle in a number of locations. The electrical conductivity appears to jump by one or two orders of magnitude within layers which are lo-,--30 km thick. The final sixth chapter of the book contains a paper by Feldman entitled “On the Nature of Conductive Layers in the Earth’s Crust and Upper Mantle”. This is a review of present models and theories. The reviewer finds that the KAPG cooperation has produced a very considerable amount of interesting and important theoretical and observational results which constitute a significant contribution to the geophysical sciences. This publication will be of interest to everyone engaged in solidearth electromagnetic and heat-flow work. Professor Ad&n deserves a very substantial amount of credit for organizing this effort. It is good to call to mind that the mathematical-physical and geophysical sciences have long enjoyed a very high standard in Hungary. GUNNAR
BODVARSSON
(Corvaliis,
Ore.)
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleocontinental Maps. A.G. Smith and J.C. Briden. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1977, 63 p., $1.95. One of the most remarkable achievements of palaeomagnetism is that it provides for the Mesozoic and Cenozoic two quite independent methods of locating the past positions of continents. Magnetic anomalies of the ocean floor provide the relative motion between continents while at the same time land based palaeomagnetic studies provide the absolute latitude and orientation of each of the land masses on the globe. The completion of the major mapping of magnetic anomalies over the oceans during the past five years has made it possible to synthesize these two sets of data to produce a series of global maps showing the positions of the major continental areas during the past 220 million years. This excellent little book provides such a series of maps at 20 million year intervals either as Mercator, north polar and south polar stereographic or Lambert equal-area maps. There are a large number of currently interesting problems in the earth sciences that are global in scale and need to be seen in their proper global setting. These maps provide such a framework upon which a wide range of information may be plotted. Workers who deal in problems of global extent will welcome this book, which should be equally useful to students and teachers. The extension of these maps back through the Palaeozoic presents a challenging task because here the information from
329 Amsterdam
-~ Printed
in The Netherlands
Book Reviews Geoelectric and Geothermal Studies (East-Central Europe, Soviet Asia). KAPG Geophysical Monograph. A. Adam (Editor). Akadkmiai Kiadci, Budapest, 1976, 752 pp., US$48.00. This impressive collection of 67 papers on geoelectric and heat-flow studies in Eastern Europe and Siberia is the result of the KAPG program which is a cooperative effort by the Committee of Academies of Sciences of Socialist Countries for Planetary Geophysical Investigations and which was established in 1966. The field work has been carried out in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Soviet Union. The editor-in-chief, Professor A. Adam, is at the Geodetical and Geophysical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Science, Sopron, Hungary. The collection is divided into six main chapters. The first chapter entitled “Collecting and Processing of Geothermal Data” includes 9 papers on marine heat-flow studies, infrared techniques, thermalconductivity measurements, pressure dependence of the thermal diffusivity, processing of heat-flow data, paleoclimatic effects and the scattering of the heat-flow field by inhomogeneities. The most important contribution is a paper on the scattering effect by Lubimova, Lyuboshits and Nikita. It gives a rather detailed analytic discussion of the effects of layering and scattering by bodies of various geometries. The second chapter on “Collecting of Geoelectric Data: Theory, Data Processing, Limitations” includes 13 papers on magnetic variation profiling, geomagnetic induction, magnetctelluric techniques, effects of layering, conductivity inhomogeneities and anisotropy, special data-processing techniques, studies of the micropulsation source field and physical-modeling techniques. This is a p~ticularly interesting section containing a number of quite detailed papers on various aspects of theoretical geoelectricity. Both forward and inverse problems are discussed by Rokityansky, Treuman, Berdichevsky, Petr and others. Moreover, Porstendorfer furnishes a valuable catalogue of conductivity models which have been discussed in the literature. One rather lengthy paper by Volarovich and Parkhomenko on “Electric Properties of Rocks at High Temperatures and Pressures” constitutes the third chapter. The paper lists a number of important experimental results. Results of extensive heat-flow observations are presented in 13 papers in the fourth chapter entitled “Geothermal Data and Their Complex Interpretation on Test Areas”. This chapter gives a good overview of the heat-flow field in Eastern Europe and Siberia. The data are summarized in two heatflow maps which are adjoined by a map of estimated geoisotherms at the depth of one km. The fifth chapter entitled “Deep Electromagnetic Investigations and Their Geothermic Interpretation on Test Areas”, which includes a total of 30
330
papers, presents a wealth of observational results in various parts of Eastern Europe and Siberia. The data are based on both geomagnetic variation profiling and magnetotelluric techniques. Forward model calculations have been carried out and the data are in some cases interpreted with regard to the conductivity and temperature distribution to depths of several hundred kilometers. A very notable result of these efforts is the discovery of relatively high conductivity layers in the earth’s crust and upper mantle in a number of locations. The electrical conductivity appears to jump by one or two orders of magnitude within layers which are lo-,--30 km thick. The final sixth chapter of the book contains a paper by Feldman entitled “On the Nature of Conductive Layers in the Earth’s Crust and Upper Mantle”. This is a review of present models and theories. The reviewer finds that the KAPG cooperation has produced a very considerable amount of interesting and important theoretical and observational results which constitute a significant contribution to the geophysical sciences. This publication will be of interest to everyone engaged in solidearth electromagnetic and heat-flow work. Professor Ad&n deserves a very substantial amount of credit for organizing this effort. It is good to call to mind that the mathematical-physical and geophysical sciences have long enjoyed a very high standard in Hungary. GUNNAR
BODVARSSON
(Corvaliis,
Ore.)
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleocontinental Maps. A.G. Smith and J.C. Briden. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1977, 63 p., $1.95. One of the most remarkable achievements of palaeomagnetism is that it provides for the Mesozoic and Cenozoic two quite independent methods of locating the past positions of continents. Magnetic anomalies of the ocean floor provide the relative motion between continents while at the same time land based palaeomagnetic studies provide the absolute latitude and orientation of each of the land masses on the globe. The completion of the major mapping of magnetic anomalies over the oceans during the past five years has made it possible to synthesize these two sets of data to produce a series of global maps showing the positions of the major continental areas during the past 220 million years. This excellent little book provides such a series of maps at 20 million year intervals either as Mercator, north polar and south polar stereographic or Lambert equal-area maps. There are a large number of currently interesting problems in the earth sciences that are global in scale and need to be seen in their proper global setting. These maps provide such a framework upon which a wide range of information may be plotted. Workers who deal in problems of global extent will welcome this book, which should be equally useful to students and teachers. The extension of these maps back through the Palaeozoic presents a challenging task because here the information from