- Email: [email protected]
Gerald Cohen 1930–2001
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 8 (2002) 381±384
www.elsevier.com/locate/parkreldis
Personal Report
Gerald Cohen 1930±2001 Melvin D. Yahr* Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Medical Centre, Box 1139, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA Received 25 March 2002; accepted 25 March 2002
On 27 July, 2001, in conjunction with the XIV International Congress on Parkinson's disease held in Helsinki, Finland, a symposium honoring Gerald Cohen was held. Its planning began 2 years earlier, and I had the opportunity of discussing this proposed meeting with Prof. Gerald Cohen. In his usual modest manner, his ®rst reaction was `Why me? There are others more deserving'. However, when I pointed out to him that most of the presentations would be given by his former students, trainees, and colleagues, he became most enthusiastic and looked forward to personally greeting them at the meeting. Unfortunately, in the interim, he was overcome by cancer and despite a long and heroic battle which he fought, he was eventually defeated and died on 7 March, 2001. With his passing, many of us lost a most treasured friend. The world lost a gifted scientist who had contributed signi®cantly to improving our understanding of disease, particularly those of the nervous system. As an investigator, teacher and role model for those embarking on careers in neuroscience, he was outstanding. Gerald Cohen was a quintessential New YorkerÐborn, * Tel.: 11-212-241-2342; fax: 11-212-534-3163. E-mail address: [email protected] (M.D. Yahr).
bred and educated on the Island of Manhattan, he spent his entire scienti®c career in New York City. After receiving his bachelor's degree from the College of the City of New York, he went on to Columbia University, where he did his graduate work in biochemistry, receiving masters and PhD degrees. He then had a postdoctoral fellowship at The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University with Dr Marcela Goldenberg, working on catecholamines and their relationship with hypertension. They developed new methods for assaying norepinephrine, which led to more rapid and accurate ways of diagnosing secretory tumors such as pheochromocytoma. Subsequent to this, Gerry Cohen, in association with Bill Hockstein, discovered a key pathway, which is effective in drug-induced hemolytic anemia. Their publication in the Journal of Biochemistry described the role of the enzyme, glutathione peroxidase in the detoxi®cation of hydrogen peroxide in erythrocytes. It became a classic, which was extensively cited over these many years. During this period of time, Dr Cohen was appointed as research scientist to the Department of Psychiatry but had a number of interactions and a loose relationship with many of us in neurology. I was in the process of organizing a clinical center for research in
1353-8020/02/$ - see front matter q 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S 1353-802 0(02)00017-2
382
M.D. Yahr / Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 8 (2002) 381±384
Parkinson's and related disorders, which was to be housed at Columbia University. I was able to induce Gerry to switch his departmental af®liation and join our group. Gerry became the focus of our studies on catecholamines and their relationship to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. He was among the ®rst to introduce the concept of oxidative stress as a mechanism in cell destruction in Parkinson's disease as well as other neurodegenerative disorders. In association with his student and subsequent colleague, Dr Richard Heikkila, they discovered the action of neurotoxins capable of causing Parkinsonism. Gerry proposed that the metabolites of dopamine produced by monoamine oxidase could induce toxic phenomena to dopamine cells. This concept opened up extensive studies for the clinical effects of antioxidants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors in Parkinson's disease. Concomitant with these studies, Gerry carried out extensive work on the effects of alcohol as a toxic central nervous system agent. During his lifetime, he published more than 250 scienti®c papers, as well as numerous book chapters. He received several awards, including one of the ®rst Javits awards for excellence in scienti®c research. Parenthetically, I should like to note that one of his most treasured awards was the one he
received early on in his career for scienti®c journalism. It was for a most illustrative and readable article on the fava bean. Though it is usual in publications such as this to focus on the scienti®c accomplishments of the individual, I would be remiss were I not to mention that there was another outstanding side to Gerry CohenÐone which was as important and, indeed, more so than his scienti®c ability. Gerry was a humanist. He had great concern for his fellow human beings and always fought hard against injustice or ill treatment. His colleagues and students could always rely on him to see that justice was served in every and all situations. I should like to conclude by saying that I personally felt it a privilege to have had Gerry Cohen as a colleague. His sharp mind, love and enthusiasm for research and science and critical approach to problems played a major role in our lives at the Parkinson's Center. He did much to keep us on course. He will be sorely missed. The following is a representation of some of the highlights of Dr Cohen's career. His work was far-reaching and eclectic. Dr Cohen's studies focused on oxidative stress and contributed most signi®cantly to the ®elds of neurodegeneration, stroke/ischemia and alcoholism. All in all, Dr Cohen can be said to have had a `radical' career.
CURRICULUM VITAE Gerald Cohen was born on 1 February 1930 in New York City. Education B.S. (Chemistry/Biology) M.A. (Chemistry) PhD (Chemistry)
The City College of New York Columbia University, New York Columbia University, New York
1950 1952 1955
Professional experience 1955±1958 1958±1965 1963±1973 1965±1973 1969±1973 1973±1989 1973±2001 1989±2001
Post-Doctoral Fellow; Marcel Goldenberg, M.D., Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (Catecholamines and hypertension) Research Associate Biochemistry, Dept. Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Research Scientist, New York State Psychiatric Institute Assistant Professor Biochemistry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Member, Clinical Research Center for Study of Parkinson's and Allied Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Research Professor Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City of New York, NY Member, Biomedical Graduate Faculty, Mount Sinai School of Medicine Tenured Professor Neurology, Professor, Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Honors 1968 1977 1985 1963
Claude Bernard Award for Science Journalism, J. Marcus and G. Cohen, `The Riddle of the Dangerous Bean', Harper's Magazine (June 1968) Fellow, New York Academy of Sciences Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stoke (NIH) Fellow, The Oxygen Society
M.D. Yahr / Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 8 (2002) 381±384
383
Professional societies American Chemical Society; American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; American Society for Neurochemistry; American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Basal Ganglia Club (New York City); Biochemical Pharmacology Group (NY Academy Sciences); Harvey Society; International Society for Free Radical Research; International Brain Research Society; International Society for Neurochemistry; New York Academy of Sciences; Oxygen Society; Research Society on Alcoholism; Sigma Xi; Society for Neuroscience. Government advisory committees National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine, Panel on Alcohol-Related Research, Neuropharmacology Panel (1979± 1990). NIMH Study Section, Mental Health Small Grant Review Panel, US Public Health Service, Alcohol; Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration (1981±1985). NIMH Study Section, Neurosciences Research Review Committee, Panel on Cellular Neurobiology and Psychopharmacology, US Public Health Service, Alcohol; Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) (1986±1990). Other committees and teaching experience Co-Organizer and Co-Director; Post-Doctoral Research Training Program in the Biological Sciences in Relation to Mental Health; New York State Psychiatric Institute, funded by NIMH (1965±1973). Co-Organizer and Governing Board, Biochemical Pharmacology Discussion Group, NY Academy of Sciences (1979±2001). Medical School Admissions Committee (Mount Sinai School of Medicine) (1974±1978). Co-Organizer, Neurobiology Doctoral Program (Graduate School, Mount Sinai School of Medicine (1980±1981). Course DirectorÐFundamentals of Neurochemistry, Neurobiological Methods (Graduate School, Mount Sinai School of Medicine (1981±2001)). Co-Organizer and Co-Director, Interdisciplinary Research Training Program in Neurobiology; funded by NINDS (1983± 1990). Organizing Committee and Scienti®c Advisory Board, DATATOP multicenter clinical trial of antioxidants to slow the progression of Parkinson's disease (1986±2001). His body of work includes 155 Peer-Reviewed publications, 19 Non-Peer-Reviewed publications, 53 Book Chapters, four Books, and 175 abstracts. Further reading A) Selected Peer-Reviewed Publications 1. Cohen G, Goldenberg M. The simultaneous ¯uorometric determination of adrenaline and noradrenaline in plasma: 1. The ¯uorescence characteristics of adrenolutine and nonadrenolutine and their simultaneous determination in mixtures. J Neurochem 1957;2:58±70. 2. Cohen G. Techniques to improve the speci®city of the trihydroxyindole procedure. Pharmacol Rev 1959;11:269±72. 3. Gitlow SE, Mendlowitz M, Khassis S, Cohen G, Sha J. The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma by determination of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid. J Clin Invest 1990;39:221±6. 4. Hochstein P, Cohen G. The inhibitory effects of quinones and dihydric phenols on glucose metabolism in subcellular systems of brain. J Neurochem 1960;5:370±8. 5. Cohen G, Hochstein P. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and detoxi®cation of hydrogen peroxide in erthrocytes. Science 1961;134:1756±7. 6. Cohen G, Hochstein P. Glutathione peroxidase: the primary agent for the elimination of hydrogen peroxide from erythrocytes. Biochemistry 1963;2:1420±8. 7. Cohen G, Hochstein P. Generation of hydrogen peroxide I erythrocytes by hemolytic agents. Biochemistry 1964;3:895±900. 8. Martinez M, Lo A, Cohen G, Kaplan H. Radioactive (chromium-51) Heinz bodies. Nature 1966;210:1064±6. 9. Dodge JT, Cohen G, Hayden HJ, Phillips GB. Peroxidative hemolysis of red blood cells from patients with abetalipoproteinemia (acanthocytosis). J Clin Invest 1967;46:357±68. 10. Cohen G, Collins M. Alkaloids from catecholamines in adrenal tissue: possible role in alcoholism. Science 1970;167:1749±51. 11. Heikkila RE, Cohen G. Inhibition of biogenic amine uptake by hydrogen peroxide: a mechanism for toxic effects of 6-hydroxydopamine. Science 1971;172:1257±8. 12. Cohen G, Mytilineou C, Barrett R. 6,7-Dihydroxytetrahydroisoquinoline: uptake and storage by peripheral sympathetic nerve of the rat. Science 1972;175:1269±72. 13. Heikkila RE, Cohen G. In vivo generation of hydrogen peroxide from 6-hydroxydopamine. Experientia 1972;28:1197±8. 14. Greenberg RS, Cohen G. Tetrahydroisoquinolines alkaloids: stimulated secretion from the adrenal medulla. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973;184:119±28. 15. Heikkila RE, Cohen G. 6-Hydroxydopamine: evidence for superoxide radical as an oxidative intermediate. Science 1973;181:456±7. 16. Heikkila RE, Mytilineau C, Cote LJ, Cohen G. Evidence for degeneration of sympathetic nerve terminals caused by the ortho and para-quinones of 6hydroxydopamine. J Neurochem 1973;20:1345±50. 17. Heikkila RE, Barden H, Cohen G. Prevention of alloxan-induced diabetes by ethanol administration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1974;190:501±6.
384
M.D. Yahr / Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 8 (2002) 381±384
18. Riely CA, Cohen G, Leiberman M. Ethane evolution: anew index of lipid peroxidation. Science 1974;183:208±10. 19. Heikkila RE, Orlansky H, Cohen G. Studies on the distinction between uptake inhibition and release of 3H-dopamine in rat brain tissue slices. Biochem Pharmacol 1975;24:847±52. 20. Heikkila RE, Cohen G, Manian AA. Reactivity of various phenothiazine derivatives with oxygen and oxygen radicals. Biochem Pharmacol 1975;24:313±6. 21. Heikkila RE, Orlansky H, Mytilineau C, Cohen G. Amphetamine: evaluation of d- and l-isomers as releasing agents and uptake inhibitors for 3Hdopamine and 3H-norepinephrine in slices of rat neostriatum and cerebral cortex. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1975;194:47±56. 22. Heikkila RE, Cabbat F, Cohen G. In vivo inhibition of superoxide dismutase by diethyldithiocarbamate. J Biol Chem 1976;251:2182±5. 23. Dembiec D, Cohen G. The effect of carbonyl-binding agents and oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors on the release of 3H-norepinephrine from mouse heart. Biochem Pharmacol 1975;25:1369±76. 24. Dembiec D, Cohen G. The effect of carbonyl-binding agents on the potassium-evoked release of 3H-catecholamines from brain and peripheral tissues. J Neurochem 1975;21:1125±8. 25. Cederbaum AI, Dicker E, Rubin E, Cohen G. The effect of dimethylsulfoxide and other hydroxyl radical scavengers on the oxidation of ethanol by rat liver microsomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977;78:1254±62. 26. Cederbaum AI, Dicker E, Cohen G. Effects of hydroxyl radical scavengers on microsomal oxidation of alcohols and on associated microsomal functions. Biochemistry 1978;17:3058±64. 27. Cohen G, Cederbaum AI. Chemical evidence for the production of hydroxyl radicals during microsomal electron transfer. Science 1979;204:66±68. 28. Cohen G, Cederbaum AI. Microsomal metabolism of hydroxyl radical scavenging agents: relationship to the microsomal oxidation of alcohols. Arch Biochem Biophys 1980;199:438±47. 29. Sinet PM, Heikkila RE, Cohen G. Hydrogen peroxide production by rat brain in vivo. J Neurochem 1980;34:1421±8. 30. Cohen G, Sinet PM, Heikkila RE. Ethanol oxidation by rat brain in vivo. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res 1980;4:366±70. 31. Brannan TS, Maker HS, Weiss C, Cohen G. Regional distribution of glutathione peroxidase in the adult rat brain. J Neurochem 1980;35:1013±4. 32. Maker HS, Weiss C, Silides DJ, Cohen G. Coupling of dopamine oxidation (monoamine oxidase activity) to glutathione peroxidase via the generation of hydrogen peroxide in rat brain homogenates. J Neurochem 1981;36:589±93. 33. Weinberger J, Cohen G. The differential effect of ischemia on the active uptake of dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate by brain synaptosomes. J Neurochem 1982;38:963±8. 34. Weinberger J, Cohen G. Nerve terminal damage in cerebral ischemia: greater susceptibility of catecholamine nerve terminals relative to serotonergic nerve terminals. Stroke 1983;14:986±9. 35. Mytilineou C, Cohen G. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine destroys dopamine neurons in explants of rat embryo mesencephalon. Science 1984;225:529±31. 36. Mytilineou C, Cohen G. Deprenyl protects dopamine neurons from the neurotoxic effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion. J Neurochem 1985;45:1951±3. 37. Slivka A, Spina MB, Cohen G. Reduced and oxidized glutathione in human monkey brain. Neurosci Lett 1987;74:112±8. 38. Spina MB, Cohen G. Exposure of striatal synaptosomes to l-dopa increases levels of oxidized glutathione. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988;247:502±7. 39. Spina MB, Cohen G. Dopamine turnover and glutathione oxidation: implications for Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86:1398±400. 40. Parkinson Study Group. Effect of deprenyl on the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1364±71. 41. Werner P, Cohen G. Intramitochondrial formation of oxidized glutathione during the oxidation of benzylamine by monoamine oxidase. FEBS Lett 1991;280:44±46. 42. Mytilineou C, Han SK, Cohen G. Toic and protective effects of l-DOPA on mesencephalic cell cultures. J Neurochem 1993;61:1470±8. 43. Mytilineou C, Werner P, Molinari S, DiRocco A, Cohen G, Yahr MD. Impaired oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in ®broblasts from patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neural Trans 1994;8:223±8. 44. C.L. Li, P. Werner, G. Cohen, Lipid peroxidation in brain interactions of L-DOPA/dopamine with ascorbate and iron, Neurodegeneration 4: 147-153 (1995). 45. S.K. Han, C. Mytilineou, G. Cohen, L-DOPA up-regulates glutathione and protects mesencephalic cultures against oxidative stress, J. Neurochem. 66: 501-510 (1996). 46. M.E. Figuieredo-Pereira, S. Yakushin, G. Cohen, Accumulation of ubiquinated proteins in mouse neuronal cells induced by oxidative stress, Mol. Biol. Resp. 24: 35-38 (1997). 47. G. Cohen, R. Farooqui, N. Kessler, Parkinson's disease, a new link between monoamine oxidase and mitochondrial electron ¯ow, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:4890-4894 (1997). 48. G. Cohen, N. Kessler, Monoamine oxidase and mitochondrial respiration, J. Neurochem. 73: 2310-2315 (1999) 49. G. Cohen, N. Kessler, Monoamine oxidase inhibits mitochondrial respiration, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 893: 273-278 (1999) 50. G. Cohen, Oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration and Parkinson's disease, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 899: 112-120 (2000).
B) Books 1. G. Cohen & R.E. Greenwald (Eds.), Oxy-Radicals and their Scavenging Systems: Vol.1. Molecular Aspects, Elsevier Biomedical, New York & London (1984). 2. R.E. Greenwald & G. Cohen (Eds.), Oxy-Radicals and their Scavenging Systems: Vol.2. Cellular and Medical Aspects, Elsevier Biomedical, New York & London (1984). 3. P. Aisen & G. Cohen (Eds.), Chemistry and Biology of Transition Metal Toxicity, International Review of Experimental Pathology, Vol. 31, Academic Press, New York (1990). 4. C.W. Olanow, G. Cohen, D.P. Perl & C.D. Marsden (Eds.), Role of Iron and Oxidant stress in the Parkinsonian and Normal Brain, Ann. Neurol. 32 Suppl., S1-S145, 1992.
www.elsevier.com/locate/parkreldis
Personal Report
Gerald Cohen 1930±2001 Melvin D. Yahr* Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Medical Centre, Box 1139, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA Received 25 March 2002; accepted 25 March 2002
On 27 July, 2001, in conjunction with the XIV International Congress on Parkinson's disease held in Helsinki, Finland, a symposium honoring Gerald Cohen was held. Its planning began 2 years earlier, and I had the opportunity of discussing this proposed meeting with Prof. Gerald Cohen. In his usual modest manner, his ®rst reaction was `Why me? There are others more deserving'. However, when I pointed out to him that most of the presentations would be given by his former students, trainees, and colleagues, he became most enthusiastic and looked forward to personally greeting them at the meeting. Unfortunately, in the interim, he was overcome by cancer and despite a long and heroic battle which he fought, he was eventually defeated and died on 7 March, 2001. With his passing, many of us lost a most treasured friend. The world lost a gifted scientist who had contributed signi®cantly to improving our understanding of disease, particularly those of the nervous system. As an investigator, teacher and role model for those embarking on careers in neuroscience, he was outstanding. Gerald Cohen was a quintessential New YorkerÐborn, * Tel.: 11-212-241-2342; fax: 11-212-534-3163. E-mail address: [email protected] (M.D. Yahr).
bred and educated on the Island of Manhattan, he spent his entire scienti®c career in New York City. After receiving his bachelor's degree from the College of the City of New York, he went on to Columbia University, where he did his graduate work in biochemistry, receiving masters and PhD degrees. He then had a postdoctoral fellowship at The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University with Dr Marcela Goldenberg, working on catecholamines and their relationship with hypertension. They developed new methods for assaying norepinephrine, which led to more rapid and accurate ways of diagnosing secretory tumors such as pheochromocytoma. Subsequent to this, Gerry Cohen, in association with Bill Hockstein, discovered a key pathway, which is effective in drug-induced hemolytic anemia. Their publication in the Journal of Biochemistry described the role of the enzyme, glutathione peroxidase in the detoxi®cation of hydrogen peroxide in erythrocytes. It became a classic, which was extensively cited over these many years. During this period of time, Dr Cohen was appointed as research scientist to the Department of Psychiatry but had a number of interactions and a loose relationship with many of us in neurology. I was in the process of organizing a clinical center for research in
1353-8020/02/$ - see front matter q 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S 1353-802 0(02)00017-2
382
M.D. Yahr / Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 8 (2002) 381±384
Parkinson's and related disorders, which was to be housed at Columbia University. I was able to induce Gerry to switch his departmental af®liation and join our group. Gerry became the focus of our studies on catecholamines and their relationship to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. He was among the ®rst to introduce the concept of oxidative stress as a mechanism in cell destruction in Parkinson's disease as well as other neurodegenerative disorders. In association with his student and subsequent colleague, Dr Richard Heikkila, they discovered the action of neurotoxins capable of causing Parkinsonism. Gerry proposed that the metabolites of dopamine produced by monoamine oxidase could induce toxic phenomena to dopamine cells. This concept opened up extensive studies for the clinical effects of antioxidants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors in Parkinson's disease. Concomitant with these studies, Gerry carried out extensive work on the effects of alcohol as a toxic central nervous system agent. During his lifetime, he published more than 250 scienti®c papers, as well as numerous book chapters. He received several awards, including one of the ®rst Javits awards for excellence in scienti®c research. Parenthetically, I should like to note that one of his most treasured awards was the one he
received early on in his career for scienti®c journalism. It was for a most illustrative and readable article on the fava bean. Though it is usual in publications such as this to focus on the scienti®c accomplishments of the individual, I would be remiss were I not to mention that there was another outstanding side to Gerry CohenÐone which was as important and, indeed, more so than his scienti®c ability. Gerry was a humanist. He had great concern for his fellow human beings and always fought hard against injustice or ill treatment. His colleagues and students could always rely on him to see that justice was served in every and all situations. I should like to conclude by saying that I personally felt it a privilege to have had Gerry Cohen as a colleague. His sharp mind, love and enthusiasm for research and science and critical approach to problems played a major role in our lives at the Parkinson's Center. He did much to keep us on course. He will be sorely missed. The following is a representation of some of the highlights of Dr Cohen's career. His work was far-reaching and eclectic. Dr Cohen's studies focused on oxidative stress and contributed most signi®cantly to the ®elds of neurodegeneration, stroke/ischemia and alcoholism. All in all, Dr Cohen can be said to have had a `radical' career.
CURRICULUM VITAE Gerald Cohen was born on 1 February 1930 in New York City. Education B.S. (Chemistry/Biology) M.A. (Chemistry) PhD (Chemistry)
The City College of New York Columbia University, New York Columbia University, New York
1950 1952 1955
Professional experience 1955±1958 1958±1965 1963±1973 1965±1973 1969±1973 1973±1989 1973±2001 1989±2001
Post-Doctoral Fellow; Marcel Goldenberg, M.D., Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (Catecholamines and hypertension) Research Associate Biochemistry, Dept. Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Research Scientist, New York State Psychiatric Institute Assistant Professor Biochemistry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Member, Clinical Research Center for Study of Parkinson's and Allied Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Research Professor Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City of New York, NY Member, Biomedical Graduate Faculty, Mount Sinai School of Medicine Tenured Professor Neurology, Professor, Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Honors 1968 1977 1985 1963
Claude Bernard Award for Science Journalism, J. Marcus and G. Cohen, `The Riddle of the Dangerous Bean', Harper's Magazine (June 1968) Fellow, New York Academy of Sciences Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stoke (NIH) Fellow, The Oxygen Society
M.D. Yahr / Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 8 (2002) 381±384
383
Professional societies American Chemical Society; American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; American Society for Neurochemistry; American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Basal Ganglia Club (New York City); Biochemical Pharmacology Group (NY Academy Sciences); Harvey Society; International Society for Free Radical Research; International Brain Research Society; International Society for Neurochemistry; New York Academy of Sciences; Oxygen Society; Research Society on Alcoholism; Sigma Xi; Society for Neuroscience. Government advisory committees National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine, Panel on Alcohol-Related Research, Neuropharmacology Panel (1979± 1990). NIMH Study Section, Mental Health Small Grant Review Panel, US Public Health Service, Alcohol; Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration (1981±1985). NIMH Study Section, Neurosciences Research Review Committee, Panel on Cellular Neurobiology and Psychopharmacology, US Public Health Service, Alcohol; Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) (1986±1990). Other committees and teaching experience Co-Organizer and Co-Director; Post-Doctoral Research Training Program in the Biological Sciences in Relation to Mental Health; New York State Psychiatric Institute, funded by NIMH (1965±1973). Co-Organizer and Governing Board, Biochemical Pharmacology Discussion Group, NY Academy of Sciences (1979±2001). Medical School Admissions Committee (Mount Sinai School of Medicine) (1974±1978). Co-Organizer, Neurobiology Doctoral Program (Graduate School, Mount Sinai School of Medicine (1980±1981). Course DirectorÐFundamentals of Neurochemistry, Neurobiological Methods (Graduate School, Mount Sinai School of Medicine (1981±2001)). Co-Organizer and Co-Director, Interdisciplinary Research Training Program in Neurobiology; funded by NINDS (1983± 1990). Organizing Committee and Scienti®c Advisory Board, DATATOP multicenter clinical trial of antioxidants to slow the progression of Parkinson's disease (1986±2001). His body of work includes 155 Peer-Reviewed publications, 19 Non-Peer-Reviewed publications, 53 Book Chapters, four Books, and 175 abstracts. Further reading A) Selected Peer-Reviewed Publications 1. Cohen G, Goldenberg M. The simultaneous ¯uorometric determination of adrenaline and noradrenaline in plasma: 1. The ¯uorescence characteristics of adrenolutine and nonadrenolutine and their simultaneous determination in mixtures. J Neurochem 1957;2:58±70. 2. Cohen G. Techniques to improve the speci®city of the trihydroxyindole procedure. Pharmacol Rev 1959;11:269±72. 3. Gitlow SE, Mendlowitz M, Khassis S, Cohen G, Sha J. The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma by determination of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid. J Clin Invest 1990;39:221±6. 4. Hochstein P, Cohen G. The inhibitory effects of quinones and dihydric phenols on glucose metabolism in subcellular systems of brain. J Neurochem 1960;5:370±8. 5. Cohen G, Hochstein P. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and detoxi®cation of hydrogen peroxide in erthrocytes. Science 1961;134:1756±7. 6. Cohen G, Hochstein P. Glutathione peroxidase: the primary agent for the elimination of hydrogen peroxide from erythrocytes. Biochemistry 1963;2:1420±8. 7. Cohen G, Hochstein P. Generation of hydrogen peroxide I erythrocytes by hemolytic agents. Biochemistry 1964;3:895±900. 8. Martinez M, Lo A, Cohen G, Kaplan H. Radioactive (chromium-51) Heinz bodies. Nature 1966;210:1064±6. 9. Dodge JT, Cohen G, Hayden HJ, Phillips GB. Peroxidative hemolysis of red blood cells from patients with abetalipoproteinemia (acanthocytosis). J Clin Invest 1967;46:357±68. 10. Cohen G, Collins M. Alkaloids from catecholamines in adrenal tissue: possible role in alcoholism. Science 1970;167:1749±51. 11. Heikkila RE, Cohen G. Inhibition of biogenic amine uptake by hydrogen peroxide: a mechanism for toxic effects of 6-hydroxydopamine. Science 1971;172:1257±8. 12. Cohen G, Mytilineou C, Barrett R. 6,7-Dihydroxytetrahydroisoquinoline: uptake and storage by peripheral sympathetic nerve of the rat. Science 1972;175:1269±72. 13. Heikkila RE, Cohen G. In vivo generation of hydrogen peroxide from 6-hydroxydopamine. Experientia 1972;28:1197±8. 14. Greenberg RS, Cohen G. Tetrahydroisoquinolines alkaloids: stimulated secretion from the adrenal medulla. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973;184:119±28. 15. Heikkila RE, Cohen G. 6-Hydroxydopamine: evidence for superoxide radical as an oxidative intermediate. Science 1973;181:456±7. 16. Heikkila RE, Mytilineau C, Cote LJ, Cohen G. Evidence for degeneration of sympathetic nerve terminals caused by the ortho and para-quinones of 6hydroxydopamine. J Neurochem 1973;20:1345±50. 17. Heikkila RE, Barden H, Cohen G. Prevention of alloxan-induced diabetes by ethanol administration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1974;190:501±6.
384
M.D. Yahr / Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 8 (2002) 381±384
18. Riely CA, Cohen G, Leiberman M. Ethane evolution: anew index of lipid peroxidation. Science 1974;183:208±10. 19. Heikkila RE, Orlansky H, Cohen G. Studies on the distinction between uptake inhibition and release of 3H-dopamine in rat brain tissue slices. Biochem Pharmacol 1975;24:847±52. 20. Heikkila RE, Cohen G, Manian AA. Reactivity of various phenothiazine derivatives with oxygen and oxygen radicals. Biochem Pharmacol 1975;24:313±6. 21. Heikkila RE, Orlansky H, Mytilineau C, Cohen G. Amphetamine: evaluation of d- and l-isomers as releasing agents and uptake inhibitors for 3Hdopamine and 3H-norepinephrine in slices of rat neostriatum and cerebral cortex. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1975;194:47±56. 22. Heikkila RE, Cabbat F, Cohen G. In vivo inhibition of superoxide dismutase by diethyldithiocarbamate. J Biol Chem 1976;251:2182±5. 23. Dembiec D, Cohen G. The effect of carbonyl-binding agents and oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors on the release of 3H-norepinephrine from mouse heart. Biochem Pharmacol 1975;25:1369±76. 24. Dembiec D, Cohen G. The effect of carbonyl-binding agents on the potassium-evoked release of 3H-catecholamines from brain and peripheral tissues. J Neurochem 1975;21:1125±8. 25. Cederbaum AI, Dicker E, Rubin E, Cohen G. The effect of dimethylsulfoxide and other hydroxyl radical scavengers on the oxidation of ethanol by rat liver microsomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977;78:1254±62. 26. Cederbaum AI, Dicker E, Cohen G. Effects of hydroxyl radical scavengers on microsomal oxidation of alcohols and on associated microsomal functions. Biochemistry 1978;17:3058±64. 27. Cohen G, Cederbaum AI. Chemical evidence for the production of hydroxyl radicals during microsomal electron transfer. Science 1979;204:66±68. 28. Cohen G, Cederbaum AI. Microsomal metabolism of hydroxyl radical scavenging agents: relationship to the microsomal oxidation of alcohols. Arch Biochem Biophys 1980;199:438±47. 29. Sinet PM, Heikkila RE, Cohen G. Hydrogen peroxide production by rat brain in vivo. J Neurochem 1980;34:1421±8. 30. Cohen G, Sinet PM, Heikkila RE. Ethanol oxidation by rat brain in vivo. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res 1980;4:366±70. 31. Brannan TS, Maker HS, Weiss C, Cohen G. Regional distribution of glutathione peroxidase in the adult rat brain. J Neurochem 1980;35:1013±4. 32. Maker HS, Weiss C, Silides DJ, Cohen G. Coupling of dopamine oxidation (monoamine oxidase activity) to glutathione peroxidase via the generation of hydrogen peroxide in rat brain homogenates. J Neurochem 1981;36:589±93. 33. Weinberger J, Cohen G. The differential effect of ischemia on the active uptake of dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate by brain synaptosomes. J Neurochem 1982;38:963±8. 34. Weinberger J, Cohen G. Nerve terminal damage in cerebral ischemia: greater susceptibility of catecholamine nerve terminals relative to serotonergic nerve terminals. Stroke 1983;14:986±9. 35. Mytilineou C, Cohen G. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine destroys dopamine neurons in explants of rat embryo mesencephalon. Science 1984;225:529±31. 36. Mytilineou C, Cohen G. Deprenyl protects dopamine neurons from the neurotoxic effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion. J Neurochem 1985;45:1951±3. 37. Slivka A, Spina MB, Cohen G. Reduced and oxidized glutathione in human monkey brain. Neurosci Lett 1987;74:112±8. 38. Spina MB, Cohen G. Exposure of striatal synaptosomes to l-dopa increases levels of oxidized glutathione. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988;247:502±7. 39. Spina MB, Cohen G. Dopamine turnover and glutathione oxidation: implications for Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86:1398±400. 40. Parkinson Study Group. Effect of deprenyl on the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1364±71. 41. Werner P, Cohen G. Intramitochondrial formation of oxidized glutathione during the oxidation of benzylamine by monoamine oxidase. FEBS Lett 1991;280:44±46. 42. Mytilineou C, Han SK, Cohen G. Toic and protective effects of l-DOPA on mesencephalic cell cultures. J Neurochem 1993;61:1470±8. 43. Mytilineou C, Werner P, Molinari S, DiRocco A, Cohen G, Yahr MD. Impaired oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in ®broblasts from patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neural Trans 1994;8:223±8. 44. C.L. Li, P. Werner, G. Cohen, Lipid peroxidation in brain interactions of L-DOPA/dopamine with ascorbate and iron, Neurodegeneration 4: 147-153 (1995). 45. S.K. Han, C. Mytilineou, G. Cohen, L-DOPA up-regulates glutathione and protects mesencephalic cultures against oxidative stress, J. Neurochem. 66: 501-510 (1996). 46. M.E. Figuieredo-Pereira, S. Yakushin, G. Cohen, Accumulation of ubiquinated proteins in mouse neuronal cells induced by oxidative stress, Mol. Biol. Resp. 24: 35-38 (1997). 47. G. Cohen, R. Farooqui, N. Kessler, Parkinson's disease, a new link between monoamine oxidase and mitochondrial electron ¯ow, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:4890-4894 (1997). 48. G. Cohen, N. Kessler, Monoamine oxidase and mitochondrial respiration, J. Neurochem. 73: 2310-2315 (1999) 49. G. Cohen, N. Kessler, Monoamine oxidase inhibits mitochondrial respiration, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 893: 273-278 (1999) 50. G. Cohen, Oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration and Parkinson's disease, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 899: 112-120 (2000).
B) Books 1. G. Cohen & R.E. Greenwald (Eds.), Oxy-Radicals and their Scavenging Systems: Vol.1. Molecular Aspects, Elsevier Biomedical, New York & London (1984). 2. R.E. Greenwald & G. Cohen (Eds.), Oxy-Radicals and their Scavenging Systems: Vol.2. Cellular and Medical Aspects, Elsevier Biomedical, New York & London (1984). 3. P. Aisen & G. Cohen (Eds.), Chemistry and Biology of Transition Metal Toxicity, International Review of Experimental Pathology, Vol. 31, Academic Press, New York (1990). 4. C.W. Olanow, G. Cohen, D.P. Perl & C.D. Marsden (Eds.), Role of Iron and Oxidant stress in the Parkinsonian and Normal Brain, Ann. Neurol. 32 Suppl., S1-S145, 1992.