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Heart rate and daily activities of housewives with young children
locomotive drivers of daylight brightness in their field o f vision. Experimental findings indicate that the drivers find light intensities of more than 10,000 nit disturbing and, if sustained for prolonged periods, fatiguing. The author also determined discomfort coefficients in respect of various landscapes as t h e y appeared in the field of vision of locomotive drivers. Because of the results obtained, two thousand five hundred drivers were issued with sun-glasses for a trial period. These were found to be a positive aid and t h e y are now to be introduced for general use b y locomotive crews.
Central processes in man 4.2.42 (61102) Saito, H., et al. Studies on m o n o t o n o u s work (III) On the o p t i m u m conveyor line speed in e m p t y bottle inspection. (In Japanese.) Journal o f Science o f Labour, May 1972, 48,5, 2 3 9 - 2 6 0 . To find the o p t i m u m conveyor line speed in e m p t y bottle (190 ml) inspection, experiments were made in two production plants of a soft drink industry from an ergonomic viewpoint. The same six female inspectors had worked for the study under four stages of test line speed, 150, 200, 250 and 300 BPM (Bottles Per Minute), respectively in the same work cycle of 10 min inspection and 5 min miscellaneous work during eight duty hours. F r o m the results obtained in examination of performance, occurrence of changes in working attitude and variations of colour naming time and a c c o m m o d a t i o n capacity of eye, it was concluded that 200 BPM was the most satisfactory line speed in such work.
Motor processes in man 4.2.43 (61105) van der Werff, D. Grabbing movements in work with presses (Het Nagriijpen bij het Werken met Stempelwerktuigen). (In Dutch.)
Polytechnisch Ti]dschrift - Editie Werkuigbouw, Culemborg, Jan 1970, 25.2, 6 0 - 6 8 ; abstr in Occupational Safety and Health Abstracts. The author analyses grabbing actions (i.e. rapid, uncontrolled movements of the operator's hands towards the point of operation), the method of operation (2-hand control, photoelectric cell control, or a
combination of both) and the rapidity of the hand movement. He then presents the results of cinematographic measurements Of reaching movements made with a flying start or with pushbutton switches (with and without photo-electric cells). These data are useful as an ergonomic basis for the designing of press guards. 4.2.44 (61109) Geitner, J. Allowing for the speed of hand movement in machine-guard design (Zur Frage der Greifgeschwindigkeit bei der Sicherung yon Maschinen). (In German.) Die Berufsgenossenschaft, Dec 1971, No 12, 4 5 3 - 4 5 6 . ; abstr in Occupational Safety and Health Abstracts (CIS 1123-1972). The speed of uncontrolled hand movements in danger zones usually employed in calculating safe distances on presses is 1-6 m/s; using this figure, the author makes a theoretical review of safety at inrunning nips on rollers. Rapid hand-movement experiments carried out to determine the validity of this figure are described, and it is found that hand speeds of up to 3.7 m]s are possible with photoelectric guards placed at 50 cm from the nip; with guards located closer to the nip, hand speeds of up to 4"6 m/s were measured.
Factors affecting perceptual-motor performances 4.2.45 (61146) Belt, J.A. The applicability of vigilance laboratory research to a simulated industrial inspection task. Aug 1971, 92 pp., abstr in Government
1 1 - 1 3 1970. Proceedings, Flight Safety Foundation lnc, Arlington, Virginia, 1970, 8 pp; abstr in Aerospace Medicine. Flying fatigue is frequently considered to be a c o n t r i b u t o r y factor in 'pilot' error accidents. Fatigue in flying falls into two overlapping and interdependent operational categories, including cumulative (chronic) fatigue and acute single mission skill fatigue. Cumulative fatigue occurs when physical and psychological recovery between missions is incomplete. Skill fatigue has become more of a problem with increased cockpit hours. A number of steps for reducing fatigue are discussed.
Physiology, anthropometry and biomechanics 4.2.47 (61174) Grieve, J.l. Heart rate and daily activities of housewives with young children. Ergonomics, Mar 1972, 15.2, 139-146. Continuous monitoring of the heart beats during work and sleep was performed on twelve housewives selected from a group whose daily activities had already been studied b y a diary technique (Grieve, 1967). Means of the heart rate in work and sleep were recorded by a Socially Acceptable Monitoring Instrument, SAMI (Baker et al, 1967). Six of the subjects wore an electromechanical counter attached to the SAMI during the day to give a profile of the changes in heart rate during work. Additional information was collected on the housewife's heaviest activities such as shopping, walking and stair climbing.
Reports A nnouncements (Report No AD-728 490). The purpose of the study was to investigate the applicability of laboratory findings of viligance behaviour to an industrial inspection task. Viligance behaviour refers to the attentiveness of the human operator, or, more specifically, to human capabilities for detecting small changes in stimulus events over relatively long periods of sustained monitoring. 4.2.46 (61158) Hartman, B.O. Physical fitness and fatigue in aircrew members. 15th Annual Corporate Aircraft Safety Seminar, San A ntonio, Texas, May
4.2.48 (61203) Anon. Ergonomics guide to assessment of metabolic and cardiac costs of physical work.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug 1971, 32.8, 5 6 0 - 5 6 4 ; abstr in Occupational Safety and Health A bstracts (CIS 1329-1972). This guide is designed to aid in the collection and interpretation of information on energy expenditure, circulatory load and respiratory ventilation that are associated with the performance of tasks, and that may be of use in achieving adjustments between the physical capacities of workers and job demands. Individual
Applied Ergonomics
June 1973
107
Central processes in man 4.2.42 (61102) Saito, H., et al. Studies on m o n o t o n o u s work (III) On the o p t i m u m conveyor line speed in e m p t y bottle inspection. (In Japanese.) Journal o f Science o f Labour, May 1972, 48,5, 2 3 9 - 2 6 0 . To find the o p t i m u m conveyor line speed in e m p t y bottle (190 ml) inspection, experiments were made in two production plants of a soft drink industry from an ergonomic viewpoint. The same six female inspectors had worked for the study under four stages of test line speed, 150, 200, 250 and 300 BPM (Bottles Per Minute), respectively in the same work cycle of 10 min inspection and 5 min miscellaneous work during eight duty hours. F r o m the results obtained in examination of performance, occurrence of changes in working attitude and variations of colour naming time and a c c o m m o d a t i o n capacity of eye, it was concluded that 200 BPM was the most satisfactory line speed in such work.
Motor processes in man 4.2.43 (61105) van der Werff, D. Grabbing movements in work with presses (Het Nagriijpen bij het Werken met Stempelwerktuigen). (In Dutch.)
Polytechnisch Ti]dschrift - Editie Werkuigbouw, Culemborg, Jan 1970, 25.2, 6 0 - 6 8 ; abstr in Occupational Safety and Health Abstracts. The author analyses grabbing actions (i.e. rapid, uncontrolled movements of the operator's hands towards the point of operation), the method of operation (2-hand control, photoelectric cell control, or a
combination of both) and the rapidity of the hand movement. He then presents the results of cinematographic measurements Of reaching movements made with a flying start or with pushbutton switches (with and without photo-electric cells). These data are useful as an ergonomic basis for the designing of press guards. 4.2.44 (61109) Geitner, J. Allowing for the speed of hand movement in machine-guard design (Zur Frage der Greifgeschwindigkeit bei der Sicherung yon Maschinen). (In German.) Die Berufsgenossenschaft, Dec 1971, No 12, 4 5 3 - 4 5 6 . ; abstr in Occupational Safety and Health Abstracts (CIS 1123-1972). The speed of uncontrolled hand movements in danger zones usually employed in calculating safe distances on presses is 1-6 m/s; using this figure, the author makes a theoretical review of safety at inrunning nips on rollers. Rapid hand-movement experiments carried out to determine the validity of this figure are described, and it is found that hand speeds of up to 3.7 m]s are possible with photoelectric guards placed at 50 cm from the nip; with guards located closer to the nip, hand speeds of up to 4"6 m/s were measured.
Factors affecting perceptual-motor performances 4.2.45 (61146) Belt, J.A. The applicability of vigilance laboratory research to a simulated industrial inspection task. Aug 1971, 92 pp., abstr in Government
1 1 - 1 3 1970. Proceedings, Flight Safety Foundation lnc, Arlington, Virginia, 1970, 8 pp; abstr in Aerospace Medicine. Flying fatigue is frequently considered to be a c o n t r i b u t o r y factor in 'pilot' error accidents. Fatigue in flying falls into two overlapping and interdependent operational categories, including cumulative (chronic) fatigue and acute single mission skill fatigue. Cumulative fatigue occurs when physical and psychological recovery between missions is incomplete. Skill fatigue has become more of a problem with increased cockpit hours. A number of steps for reducing fatigue are discussed.
Physiology, anthropometry and biomechanics 4.2.47 (61174) Grieve, J.l. Heart rate and daily activities of housewives with young children. Ergonomics, Mar 1972, 15.2, 139-146. Continuous monitoring of the heart beats during work and sleep was performed on twelve housewives selected from a group whose daily activities had already been studied b y a diary technique (Grieve, 1967). Means of the heart rate in work and sleep were recorded by a Socially Acceptable Monitoring Instrument, SAMI (Baker et al, 1967). Six of the subjects wore an electromechanical counter attached to the SAMI during the day to give a profile of the changes in heart rate during work. Additional information was collected on the housewife's heaviest activities such as shopping, walking and stair climbing.
Reports A nnouncements (Report No AD-728 490). The purpose of the study was to investigate the applicability of laboratory findings of viligance behaviour to an industrial inspection task. Viligance behaviour refers to the attentiveness of the human operator, or, more specifically, to human capabilities for detecting small changes in stimulus events over relatively long periods of sustained monitoring. 4.2.46 (61158) Hartman, B.O. Physical fitness and fatigue in aircrew members. 15th Annual Corporate Aircraft Safety Seminar, San A ntonio, Texas, May
4.2.48 (61203) Anon. Ergonomics guide to assessment of metabolic and cardiac costs of physical work.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug 1971, 32.8, 5 6 0 - 5 6 4 ; abstr in Occupational Safety and Health A bstracts (CIS 1329-1972). This guide is designed to aid in the collection and interpretation of information on energy expenditure, circulatory load and respiratory ventilation that are associated with the performance of tasks, and that may be of use in achieving adjustments between the physical capacities of workers and job demands. Individual
Applied Ergonomics
June 1973
107