- Email: [email protected]
Holocene vegetation and environmental changes in small inter-valley of the Paju area, South Korean
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Abstracts / Quaternary International 279-280 (2012) 462–565
focus of international controversy as the proposed origin of the biblical Great Flood story; this has encouraged new research into the hydrological regime of the basins and past/present/future adaptation of humans to environmental change. The project aims to provide cross-disciplinary and cross-regional correlation of geological, geochemical, geophysical, paleontological, archaeological, and historical records for the entire “Corridor” in order to evaluate the influence of sea-level change and coastline migration on human adaptation during the last 30 ky. Over 400 specialists from 31 countries have contributed their data to produce cross-disciplinary and cross-regional integration and correlation across the “Corridor.” To achieve this goal, the work was divided into four dimensions: geological, paleoenvironmental, archaeological, and mathematical modelling. Twelve Working Groups are working in close relation to each other and are likely to generate worthy results. Such collaboration has improved east-west dialogue and integrated researchers from different countries into an international, multidisciplinary, R&D community. It has also contributed to the preservation of cultural and religious heritage through the discussion of ancient cultures, civilizations, and their legends. In addition, it has trained young researchers in new analytical techniques and state-of-the-art interpretation of data, allowing them to establish close working contacts with top scientists. This presentation will outline some of the achievements and limitations of the project in assessing the relationships between environmental changes, landscape dynamics, and human adaptive strategies in semi-isolated basins. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CORE JD01 FROM THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA: A MID HOLOCENE RECORD OF SEDIMENTATION Leiping Ye. East China Normal University, China E-mail address: [email protected]
Based on the analysis of magnetic properties, particle size, geochemistry and total organic carbon (TOC) content of core JD01, located in the Yangzhou area of Jiangsu province, we outline the magnetic characteristics and the reasons for their variation in the sediments in the Yangtze River delta. Core JD01 can be divided into six zones: 53.58 w 47.5 m,: 47.5 w 38 m, :38 w 25 m, :25 w 10 m, :10 w 2.5 m and :2.5 w 0 m. The AMS 14C dates indicate that most of the deposition of core JD01 (about 40 m) accumulated between around 6000 and 5000 y BP, pointing to a high sedimentation rate in this part of the Yangtze River Delta during the mid- to late- Holocene. The research results indicate that the magnetic properties are strongly correlated with changes in particle size. Both X and SIRM values show a positive relationships with the coarse material (> 125 m), and both XARM/ X and XARM /SIRM are positively correlated with finer grades (< 63 m). The relationship between S-ratio and particle size was similar with that for X. The element concentrations (Al, Ti, K, Ca and Mg etc) fluctuate much less than the magnetic properties and are also weakly correlated with particle size, suggesting the relative stability of sediment sources in this region during the period of deposition. Mn/Fe quotients and thermomagnetic curves for typical samples don't show any clear indication of diagenesis, which suggests that the physical processes controlling sediment supply and deposition were the main factors responsible for variations in the magnetic properties. A close linkage between particle size and magnetic properties was also was found in the core XH-1# in the Subei region and core CY from Chongming island. It may therefore be typical for the region of the Yangtze River delta. However, no similar linkage was found in the surface sediments on the nearby tidal flats, which generally lack coarse material. LATE QUATERNARY GLACIATIONS OF THE MUNZUR MOUNTAINS, EASTERN ANATOLIA, TURKEY: AN ASSESSMENT USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES Serdar Yesilyurt. Çankiri Karatekin University, Turkey E-mail address: [email protected]
A certain part of Anatolia's high mountains in the Alpine-Himalayan Belt carry the traces of the Late Quaternary glaciation. Recent dating studies performed by the cosmogenic method have shown that the extensive
glaciation on Anatolian mountains occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum. However, no study has yet been conducted to reveal the dimensions and intensity of the glaciation on the Munzur Mountains (3462 m), one of the most important mountains that underwent glaciation in Turkey. The main reason for the lack of such a study is the ever-present security problem in the region. Therefore, this study analyzed and mapped the Late Quaternary glaciations of the Munzur Mountains by using remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) techniques. The results showed that the paleo-glacials which were thought to develop extensively during the Last Glacial Maximum covered an area of w650 square kilometer; approximately 700 cirque and 40 main glacial valleys developed; and the paleo-glacial tongues ended around 1800 m. It was also determined that a glacial cover of w350 square kilometer had formed in the middle section of the Munzur Mountains; the southern glacial tongues fed by the glacial cover extend as low as 1350 m; and, unlike any other glaciated region in Turkey, typical sandar exist here. The ELA (snowline) in the Last Glacial Maximum was calculated as 2790 m according to the means from the cirque floor method. In addition, many current debris-covered glaciers were detected covering an area of 9 square kilometer. HOLOCENE VEGETATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN SMALL INTER-VALLEY OF THE PAJU AREA, SOUTH KOREAN Sangheon Yi. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resource, Korea E-mail address: [email protected]
Age controlled Holocene pollen-stratigraphy of two cores, UJ10 and UJ12, from the Paju-Unjeong site, Gyeonggi Province, Korea reveals vegetation and depositional environmental changes in central west region of the Korean Peninsula. Five and six local pollen assemblage zones (LPAZ) from UJ10 and UJ 12, respectively, were established on the basis of relative frequency of dominant and critical taxa. AMS radiocarbon dates indicate that sedimentary sequence of two cores has time spanning of about 7,500 years. Three times vegetation changes are referred from pollen assemblages since the middle Holocene times. LPAZ UJ10-IwII and UJ12-IwIII is predominated by deciduous broadleaved and evergreen broadleaved forest indicating warm and wet climate conditions during the mid Holocene (ca. 7,400 cal yr BP – ca. 4,500 cal yr BP). Vegetation of LPAZ UJIII and UJ12-IV was replaced by mixed forest of subalpine conifers and temperate deciduous broadleaved trees due to deterioration from ca. 4,500 cal yr BP to ca. 2,000 cal yr BP. Afterward the first occurrence of cultivated pollen, Fagopyrum and Artemisia at 2,000 cal yr BP suggests human influence. The Significant change in arboreal and herbaceous pollen after 2,000 cal yr BP reflects widespread intensive human influence. POLLEN-INFERRED HOLOCENE ENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION IN SOUTH KOREA: VEGETATION CHANGE AND HUMAN IMPACT Sangheon Yi. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resource, Korea E-mail address: [email protected]
Vegetation dynamics in response to climate changes during the last ca. 7000 years were verified on the basis of pollen records from the peat bogs of west coasts and central wetlands of the South Korea. A mid-Holocene hypsithermal occurred between 7000 and 5000 yr BP, when subtropical evergreen oak tree (e.g. Quercus-Cyclobalanopsis) and thermophilous deciduous broadleaved trees, such as Quercus-Lepidobalanus, Alnus, Pterocarya, Carpinus and Myrica, flourished at mountainous slope area. From 4800 to 2000 cal yr BP, climate became cooler. Evergreen and deciduous broadleaved trees were replaced by conifers and cool-loving deciduous broadleaved trees of Picea, Pinus (Diploxylon), Larix/Pseudotsuga and Betula. Since 1700 yr BP, the local vegetation change from alder woodlands to sedges (Cyperaceae) and sage (Artemisia) caused by human impact has been identified. The depositional environmental change from lowland riverine to fluvial at 1700 yr BP may allow the people to cultivate crops on dry-field. Human activities are recognized by the first occurrence of buckwheat (Fagopyrum) associated with a sudden increase in millet (Sorghum) pollen and pioneer tree, Pinus (Diploxylon) with arboreal pollen concentration decrease at 1700 yr BP.
Abstracts / Quaternary International 279-280 (2012) 462–565
focus of international controversy as the proposed origin of the biblical Great Flood story; this has encouraged new research into the hydrological regime of the basins and past/present/future adaptation of humans to environmental change. The project aims to provide cross-disciplinary and cross-regional correlation of geological, geochemical, geophysical, paleontological, archaeological, and historical records for the entire “Corridor” in order to evaluate the influence of sea-level change and coastline migration on human adaptation during the last 30 ky. Over 400 specialists from 31 countries have contributed their data to produce cross-disciplinary and cross-regional integration and correlation across the “Corridor.” To achieve this goal, the work was divided into four dimensions: geological, paleoenvironmental, archaeological, and mathematical modelling. Twelve Working Groups are working in close relation to each other and are likely to generate worthy results. Such collaboration has improved east-west dialogue and integrated researchers from different countries into an international, multidisciplinary, R&D community. It has also contributed to the preservation of cultural and religious heritage through the discussion of ancient cultures, civilizations, and their legends. In addition, it has trained young researchers in new analytical techniques and state-of-the-art interpretation of data, allowing them to establish close working contacts with top scientists. This presentation will outline some of the achievements and limitations of the project in assessing the relationships between environmental changes, landscape dynamics, and human adaptive strategies in semi-isolated basins. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CORE JD01 FROM THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA: A MID HOLOCENE RECORD OF SEDIMENTATION Leiping Ye. East China Normal University, China E-mail address: [email protected]
Based on the analysis of magnetic properties, particle size, geochemistry and total organic carbon (TOC) content of core JD01, located in the Yangzhou area of Jiangsu province, we outline the magnetic characteristics and the reasons for their variation in the sediments in the Yangtze River delta. Core JD01 can be divided into six zones: 53.58 w 47.5 m,: 47.5 w 38 m, :38 w 25 m, :25 w 10 m, :10 w 2.5 m and :2.5 w 0 m. The AMS 14C dates indicate that most of the deposition of core JD01 (about 40 m) accumulated between around 6000 and 5000 y BP, pointing to a high sedimentation rate in this part of the Yangtze River Delta during the mid- to late- Holocene. The research results indicate that the magnetic properties are strongly correlated with changes in particle size. Both X and SIRM values show a positive relationships with the coarse material (> 125 m), and both XARM/ X and XARM /SIRM are positively correlated with finer grades (< 63 m). The relationship between S-ratio and particle size was similar with that for X. The element concentrations (Al, Ti, K, Ca and Mg etc) fluctuate much less than the magnetic properties and are also weakly correlated with particle size, suggesting the relative stability of sediment sources in this region during the period of deposition. Mn/Fe quotients and thermomagnetic curves for typical samples don't show any clear indication of diagenesis, which suggests that the physical processes controlling sediment supply and deposition were the main factors responsible for variations in the magnetic properties. A close linkage between particle size and magnetic properties was also was found in the core XH-1# in the Subei region and core CY from Chongming island. It may therefore be typical for the region of the Yangtze River delta. However, no similar linkage was found in the surface sediments on the nearby tidal flats, which generally lack coarse material. LATE QUATERNARY GLACIATIONS OF THE MUNZUR MOUNTAINS, EASTERN ANATOLIA, TURKEY: AN ASSESSMENT USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES Serdar Yesilyurt. Çankiri Karatekin University, Turkey E-mail address: [email protected]
A certain part of Anatolia's high mountains in the Alpine-Himalayan Belt carry the traces of the Late Quaternary glaciation. Recent dating studies performed by the cosmogenic method have shown that the extensive
glaciation on Anatolian mountains occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum. However, no study has yet been conducted to reveal the dimensions and intensity of the glaciation on the Munzur Mountains (3462 m), one of the most important mountains that underwent glaciation in Turkey. The main reason for the lack of such a study is the ever-present security problem in the region. Therefore, this study analyzed and mapped the Late Quaternary glaciations of the Munzur Mountains by using remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) techniques. The results showed that the paleo-glacials which were thought to develop extensively during the Last Glacial Maximum covered an area of w650 square kilometer; approximately 700 cirque and 40 main glacial valleys developed; and the paleo-glacial tongues ended around 1800 m. It was also determined that a glacial cover of w350 square kilometer had formed in the middle section of the Munzur Mountains; the southern glacial tongues fed by the glacial cover extend as low as 1350 m; and, unlike any other glaciated region in Turkey, typical sandar exist here. The ELA (snowline) in the Last Glacial Maximum was calculated as 2790 m according to the means from the cirque floor method. In addition, many current debris-covered glaciers were detected covering an area of 9 square kilometer. HOLOCENE VEGETATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN SMALL INTER-VALLEY OF THE PAJU AREA, SOUTH KOREAN Sangheon Yi. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resource, Korea E-mail address: [email protected]
Age controlled Holocene pollen-stratigraphy of two cores, UJ10 and UJ12, from the Paju-Unjeong site, Gyeonggi Province, Korea reveals vegetation and depositional environmental changes in central west region of the Korean Peninsula. Five and six local pollen assemblage zones (LPAZ) from UJ10 and UJ 12, respectively, were established on the basis of relative frequency of dominant and critical taxa. AMS radiocarbon dates indicate that sedimentary sequence of two cores has time spanning of about 7,500 years. Three times vegetation changes are referred from pollen assemblages since the middle Holocene times. LPAZ UJ10-IwII and UJ12-IwIII is predominated by deciduous broadleaved and evergreen broadleaved forest indicating warm and wet climate conditions during the mid Holocene (ca. 7,400 cal yr BP – ca. 4,500 cal yr BP). Vegetation of LPAZ UJIII and UJ12-IV was replaced by mixed forest of subalpine conifers and temperate deciduous broadleaved trees due to deterioration from ca. 4,500 cal yr BP to ca. 2,000 cal yr BP. Afterward the first occurrence of cultivated pollen, Fagopyrum and Artemisia at 2,000 cal yr BP suggests human influence. The Significant change in arboreal and herbaceous pollen after 2,000 cal yr BP reflects widespread intensive human influence. POLLEN-INFERRED HOLOCENE ENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION IN SOUTH KOREA: VEGETATION CHANGE AND HUMAN IMPACT Sangheon Yi. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resource, Korea E-mail address: [email protected]
Vegetation dynamics in response to climate changes during the last ca. 7000 years were verified on the basis of pollen records from the peat bogs of west coasts and central wetlands of the South Korea. A mid-Holocene hypsithermal occurred between 7000 and 5000 yr BP, when subtropical evergreen oak tree (e.g. Quercus-Cyclobalanopsis) and thermophilous deciduous broadleaved trees, such as Quercus-Lepidobalanus, Alnus, Pterocarya, Carpinus and Myrica, flourished at mountainous slope area. From 4800 to 2000 cal yr BP, climate became cooler. Evergreen and deciduous broadleaved trees were replaced by conifers and cool-loving deciduous broadleaved trees of Picea, Pinus (Diploxylon), Larix/Pseudotsuga and Betula. Since 1700 yr BP, the local vegetation change from alder woodlands to sedges (Cyperaceae) and sage (Artemisia) caused by human impact has been identified. The depositional environmental change from lowland riverine to fluvial at 1700 yr BP may allow the people to cultivate crops on dry-field. Human activities are recognized by the first occurrence of buckwheat (Fagopyrum) associated with a sudden increase in millet (Sorghum) pollen and pioneer tree, Pinus (Diploxylon) with arboreal pollen concentration decrease at 1700 yr BP.