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Identification of placental protein 14 as an immunosuppressive factor in human reproduction
162
Citations from the Literature
Isolation patterns of the human immunodeficiency virus from cervical secretions during the menstrual cycle of women at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Vogt MW; Witt DJ; Craven DE; et al Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ANN. INTERN. MED.; 106/3 (380-382)/1987/ Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been isolated from both male and female genital secretions. We evaluated the pattern of female genital carriage during the menstrual to HIV viremia. Seven cycle, and its relationship menstruating seropositive women and one seronegative control had cervical secretions and venous blood samples cultured at weekly intervals during a single menstrual cycle. The virus was isolated from cervical secretions in four of seven women. No specific cycle pattern was seen, and positivity for HIV at one site (blood or cervical) did not correlate with positivity at another site. Blood cultures generally, but not always, became positive earlier than cultures from cervical specimens, suggestig higher titers of virus in blood. Thus, HIV secretion may be intermittent. These findings, together with earlier reports, suggest that seropositive women may transmit HIV at any time during the menstrual cycle. placental protein 14 Identification of immunosuppressive factor in human reproduction
as
an
Bolton AE; Pockley AC; Clough KJ; et al Department of Biological Science, Sheffield City Polytechnic, Sheffield Sl 1 WB, UK LANCET; l/8533 (593-595)/1987/ Extracts of human decidual tissue obtained in the first trimester of pregnancy showed potent suppressive activity in mixed lymphocyte cultures. These extracts contained substantial amounts of the decidual protein PP14. Purified PP14 also exhibited in vitro immunosuppressive activity, and such activity in decidual extract and purified PP14 preparations was removed by treatment with a monoclonal anti-PP 14 antibody-based immunoadsorbent PP 14 was which plasma, also present in seminal exhibited immunosuppressive’ activity that could be reduced, but not removed, by the immunoadsorbent. PP14 may be an important immunomodulator in the human reproductive system. Immunosuppressor factor@) produced by decidua-associated suppressor cells: A proposed mechanism for fetal allograft survival
Daya S; Rosenthal KL; Clark DA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 3Z5, Canada AM. J. OBSTET. GYNECOL.; 15612 (344-350)/1987/ Mechanisms that explain failure of rejection of the antigenic fetus by the mother appear to lie at the fetomaternal interface. Successful pregnancies have been coprelated with the presence of decidua-associated suppressor cells. Supernatants from these cells were tested for their
Int J Gynecol Obstet 26
ability to suppress the proliferation of interleukin 2dependent cells and were also subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography. Decidual supernatant was found to have peak suppressive activity at two molecular weights (43,000 and 21,000 daltons). The activity of decidual supernatant was directed specifically at interleukin 2dependent cells and interfered with interleukin 2 action. The importance of this mechanism in graft rejection is well known. Decidual supernatant may thus prevent fetal allograft rejection by preventing the maternal cytotoxic effecters from receiving the interleukin 2-dependent help that they need to proliferate and remain actively cytolytic. Lymphocyte phenotypes in cervical intraepithelial and human papillomavirus infection
neoplasia
Tay SK; Jenkins D; Maddox P; Singer A Department of Pathology, Whittington Hospital, London N19 5NF, UK BR. J. OBSTET. GYNAECOL.; 94/l (16-21)/1987/ Lymphocyte phenotypes in cervical mucosa were studied using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. T lymphocytes were predominant both within the epithelium and in the subepithelial stroma. In the normal cervix, both the .T4+ (helper/inducer) and T8 + (suppressor/cytotoxic) subsets were present in a ratio similar to that in the peripheral circulation. In human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) there was depletion of intraepithelial lymphocytes, especially of T4 + subset, with reversal of the ratio of T4+ to T8+ subsets to less than one. In contrast, there was no significant reduction in the number of lymphocytes in the subepithelial stroma. Tat+ (antigen primed and clonal expanding) lymphocytes were absent both within the epithelium and in the subepithelial stroma. These findings support our suggestion that there is a localized immunodeficiency in HPV infection and CIN. The aetiological and therapeutic implications are discussed.
High concentrations of immunoreactive renin, prorenin and enzymatically-active renin in human ovarian follicular fluid
Derkx FHM; Alberda AT; Zeilmaker GH; Schalekamp MADH Department of Internal Medicine 1. University Hospital Dijkzigt, 3015 CD Rotterdam, Netherlands BR. J. OBSTET. GYNAECOL.; 94/l (4-9)/1987/ Prorenin (enzymatically inactive) and renin (active) were radioimmunoassay, using measured by monoclonal antibodies reacting either with both prorenin and renin or with renin alone, in pre-ovulatory follicular fluid (FF) from women in an in-vitro fertilization programme who were stimulated with human menopausal/human chorionicgonadotrophin. The concentration of prorenin in FF was 40 times higher than in plasma taken at the time of FF collection; renin in FF was 10 times higher. The plasma concentration of prorenin, but not of renin, in these women was higher than in non-stimulated women in the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The concentration of
Citations from the Literature
Isolation patterns of the human immunodeficiency virus from cervical secretions during the menstrual cycle of women at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Vogt MW; Witt DJ; Craven DE; et al Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ANN. INTERN. MED.; 106/3 (380-382)/1987/ Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been isolated from both male and female genital secretions. We evaluated the pattern of female genital carriage during the menstrual to HIV viremia. Seven cycle, and its relationship menstruating seropositive women and one seronegative control had cervical secretions and venous blood samples cultured at weekly intervals during a single menstrual cycle. The virus was isolated from cervical secretions in four of seven women. No specific cycle pattern was seen, and positivity for HIV at one site (blood or cervical) did not correlate with positivity at another site. Blood cultures generally, but not always, became positive earlier than cultures from cervical specimens, suggestig higher titers of virus in blood. Thus, HIV secretion may be intermittent. These findings, together with earlier reports, suggest that seropositive women may transmit HIV at any time during the menstrual cycle. placental protein 14 Identification of immunosuppressive factor in human reproduction
as
an
Bolton AE; Pockley AC; Clough KJ; et al Department of Biological Science, Sheffield City Polytechnic, Sheffield Sl 1 WB, UK LANCET; l/8533 (593-595)/1987/ Extracts of human decidual tissue obtained in the first trimester of pregnancy showed potent suppressive activity in mixed lymphocyte cultures. These extracts contained substantial amounts of the decidual protein PP14. Purified PP14 also exhibited in vitro immunosuppressive activity, and such activity in decidual extract and purified PP14 preparations was removed by treatment with a monoclonal anti-PP 14 antibody-based immunoadsorbent PP 14 was which plasma, also present in seminal exhibited immunosuppressive’ activity that could be reduced, but not removed, by the immunoadsorbent. PP14 may be an important immunomodulator in the human reproductive system. Immunosuppressor factor@) produced by decidua-associated suppressor cells: A proposed mechanism for fetal allograft survival
Daya S; Rosenthal KL; Clark DA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 3Z5, Canada AM. J. OBSTET. GYNECOL.; 15612 (344-350)/1987/ Mechanisms that explain failure of rejection of the antigenic fetus by the mother appear to lie at the fetomaternal interface. Successful pregnancies have been coprelated with the presence of decidua-associated suppressor cells. Supernatants from these cells were tested for their
Int J Gynecol Obstet 26
ability to suppress the proliferation of interleukin 2dependent cells and were also subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography. Decidual supernatant was found to have peak suppressive activity at two molecular weights (43,000 and 21,000 daltons). The activity of decidual supernatant was directed specifically at interleukin 2dependent cells and interfered with interleukin 2 action. The importance of this mechanism in graft rejection is well known. Decidual supernatant may thus prevent fetal allograft rejection by preventing the maternal cytotoxic effecters from receiving the interleukin 2-dependent help that they need to proliferate and remain actively cytolytic. Lymphocyte phenotypes in cervical intraepithelial and human papillomavirus infection
neoplasia
Tay SK; Jenkins D; Maddox P; Singer A Department of Pathology, Whittington Hospital, London N19 5NF, UK BR. J. OBSTET. GYNAECOL.; 94/l (16-21)/1987/ Lymphocyte phenotypes in cervical mucosa were studied using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. T lymphocytes were predominant both within the epithelium and in the subepithelial stroma. In the normal cervix, both the .T4+ (helper/inducer) and T8 + (suppressor/cytotoxic) subsets were present in a ratio similar to that in the peripheral circulation. In human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) there was depletion of intraepithelial lymphocytes, especially of T4 + subset, with reversal of the ratio of T4+ to T8+ subsets to less than one. In contrast, there was no significant reduction in the number of lymphocytes in the subepithelial stroma. Tat+ (antigen primed and clonal expanding) lymphocytes were absent both within the epithelium and in the subepithelial stroma. These findings support our suggestion that there is a localized immunodeficiency in HPV infection and CIN. The aetiological and therapeutic implications are discussed.
High concentrations of immunoreactive renin, prorenin and enzymatically-active renin in human ovarian follicular fluid
Derkx FHM; Alberda AT; Zeilmaker GH; Schalekamp MADH Department of Internal Medicine 1. University Hospital Dijkzigt, 3015 CD Rotterdam, Netherlands BR. J. OBSTET. GYNAECOL.; 94/l (4-9)/1987/ Prorenin (enzymatically inactive) and renin (active) were radioimmunoassay, using measured by monoclonal antibodies reacting either with both prorenin and renin or with renin alone, in pre-ovulatory follicular fluid (FF) from women in an in-vitro fertilization programme who were stimulated with human menopausal/human chorionicgonadotrophin. The concentration of prorenin in FF was 40 times higher than in plasma taken at the time of FF collection; renin in FF was 10 times higher. The plasma concentration of prorenin, but not of renin, in these women was higher than in non-stimulated women in the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The concentration of