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IES code for interior lighting
Comfort (Die Wirkungen Verschiedener Sitzflachenneigungen auf die Korperhaltung und das Subjecktive Komfortempfinden). (In German).
In ternatio nale Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Physiologie 1972, 31, pp 1 - 9 . A study of the effect of the various seat surface inclinations on sitting posture and subjective feeling of comfort was made on 16 employees. F o u r inclinations were tested for four days during 8 hours of work. A j o b analysis b y means of the ' m u l t i m o m e n t ' technique revealed that an inclination of the seat surface of 2"5 ° and 5° produced a significant increase of upright positions of the trunk. However, these forward inclined seat surfaces caused a considerable amount of discomfort. It would be recommendable to develop a seat with an inclination which could be adjusted and fixed.
An appraisal is given of the 1973 edition of the IES code relating to lighting recommendations. 4.4.171 (62526) Lyons, S. Lighting factories for comfort of employees. Electrical Times, Feb 1972, pp 10 - 11 and 25; abstr in Occupational
Safety and Health Abstracts (CIS 2043 - 1972). The author discusses the relationship between lighting, the physiological needs of the eye and the physiological effect of workplace appearance. Improvements that can be made by correct lighting installation and maintenance are considered. Individual sections are devoted to: glare; heat; the visual field; and local and localised lighting. 4.4.172 (62535)
Anon. Lighting and total hospital design.
Illumination
Lighting Design and Application, Jun 1972, 2, 43 - 55; abstr in
Lighting Research and Technology. 4.4.169 (63125)
Illuminating Engineering Society IES Code for Interior Lighting, The Society, London, Jan 1973, 100pp. The chief aims of this new edition have been to emphasize the need to consider all aspects of lighting design, and to treat the separate design factors as a whole. Many features related to lighting quality as well as q u a n t i t y are discussed, and recommendations are made on how account should be taken of t h e m when preparing electric lighting and daylighting schemes. It is hoped that this will lead to the wider achievement of visual environments which are satisfying and suited to the function of the interior. Part I of the Code deals with the principles of lighting design in terms o f q u a n t i t y and quality, and with several operational factors. Practical r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s are given at the end o f most sections and these are indicated b y colour. Part 2 presents data relevant to lighting design and includes the Daylighting and General Schedules. There are seven appendices, a glossary of terms and a select bibliography. Summarized information on lighting calculations, lighting design and measurement is given in the first four appendices, and some less familiar concepts are discussed in the last three to help designers who wish to be familiar with new trends in lighting practice.
The new wing of a hospital in Massachusetts has had the lighting specifically integrated into the overall hospital design. Various areas and their architectural treatments are described. The coronary care unit at a hospital in Indiana has an installation which provides subdued lighting for monitoring equipment but which will also provide instant, shadow-free examination fighting without undue discomfort or shock to the patients. The lighting of public spaces, patient treatment and observation rooms, and nurses' stations in a number of hospitals is dealt with. 4.4.173 (63141)
Nemeth, A. Colour Systems in Industrial Buildings. (In German.) Periodica Polytechnica: Architecture, 1972, 16. 1 - 2 , 6 9 - 1 0 6 , abstr in Building Science Abstracts. Discusses the influence of colour and the characteristics of individual colours, and their suitability to different types of rooms, furniture and plant. Gives the international colour standards for different types o f pipes, and deals specifically with windowless buildings.
Noise 4.4.174 (63143)
Nemecek, J., and Grandjean, E.
Collins, J.B.
Results of an Ergonomic Investigation of Large-Space Offices. Human Factors Apr 1973, 15.2, 1 1 1 - 1 2 4 .
The IES Code 1973. Light and Lighting, Feb 1973, 66.2, 36 - 39.
Ergonomic measurements of noise, lighting and r o o m climate were made in
4.4.170 (62525)
226
Applied Ergonomics December 1973
15 large-space offices in Switzerland. At t h e same time, 519 employees were given a questionnaire about working in such offices (continuation of work, distractions, disturbances, interpersonal relations, communications, etc.). The correlations among measures indicated the factors that have special influence on the judgements of the large-space office. The results form an objective, usable decision base for the selection and planning of an office building. 4.4.175 (63159)
Cadoff, M.A., and Biomquist, D.S. Acoustical Testing of Potentially Hazardous Noise-Producting Toys, Paper Presented at the 84th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, 28 Nov - 1 Dec. 1972. Abstr in
Journal of the Acoustical Society of A merica. In recent years, a great concern has been expressed for consumer protection and safety, especially for children. As an outgrowth of this concern, acoustical testing of potentially hazardous noise-producing t o y s has been carried out at the National Bureau of Standards for the Bureau of Product Safety (FDA). This discusses the work that has been done on cap pistols and carbide cannons. The discussion focusses particularly on the development of a standard firing apparatus for testing paper caps, and on the problems encountered and the solutions arrived at for testing carbide cannons. 4.4.176 (63171)
Kressin, J., and Karbaum, R. The Question of an Impairment o f Hearing due to Occupational Causes for Cockpit Crews in Civil Aviation (Zur Frage der Berufsbedingten Horschadigung der Cockpitbesatzungen in der Zivilen Luftfahrt). (In German.)
Technischokonomische Information der Zivilen Luftfahrt 1971, 7 . 7 , 3 2 2 - 3 2 5 abstr in Aerospace Medicine. An investigation involving 123 members of cockpit crews m the age between 40 and 50 years was conducted in order to determine the effect o f the noise in the cockpit of an aircraft on the hearing facilities of persons who are exposed to this noise. T h e characteristics and the causes of the cockpit noise are discussed. The subjects had undergone an audiometric examination once a year. Three successive audiograms were evaluated for each ear of every person. An impairment of the auditory facilities was found, amounting to 35 dB at a frequency of 6000 Hz for 75% of the subjects, and to values between 35 and 60 dB for 20%. F o r the remaining 5% the hearing loss was greater than 60 dB.
In ternatio nale Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Physiologie 1972, 31, pp 1 - 9 . A study of the effect of the various seat surface inclinations on sitting posture and subjective feeling of comfort was made on 16 employees. F o u r inclinations were tested for four days during 8 hours of work. A j o b analysis b y means of the ' m u l t i m o m e n t ' technique revealed that an inclination of the seat surface of 2"5 ° and 5° produced a significant increase of upright positions of the trunk. However, these forward inclined seat surfaces caused a considerable amount of discomfort. It would be recommendable to develop a seat with an inclination which could be adjusted and fixed.
An appraisal is given of the 1973 edition of the IES code relating to lighting recommendations. 4.4.171 (62526) Lyons, S. Lighting factories for comfort of employees. Electrical Times, Feb 1972, pp 10 - 11 and 25; abstr in Occupational
Safety and Health Abstracts (CIS 2043 - 1972). The author discusses the relationship between lighting, the physiological needs of the eye and the physiological effect of workplace appearance. Improvements that can be made by correct lighting installation and maintenance are considered. Individual sections are devoted to: glare; heat; the visual field; and local and localised lighting. 4.4.172 (62535)
Anon. Lighting and total hospital design.
Illumination
Lighting Design and Application, Jun 1972, 2, 43 - 55; abstr in
Lighting Research and Technology. 4.4.169 (63125)
Illuminating Engineering Society IES Code for Interior Lighting, The Society, London, Jan 1973, 100pp. The chief aims of this new edition have been to emphasize the need to consider all aspects of lighting design, and to treat the separate design factors as a whole. Many features related to lighting quality as well as q u a n t i t y are discussed, and recommendations are made on how account should be taken of t h e m when preparing electric lighting and daylighting schemes. It is hoped that this will lead to the wider achievement of visual environments which are satisfying and suited to the function of the interior. Part I of the Code deals with the principles of lighting design in terms o f q u a n t i t y and quality, and with several operational factors. Practical r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s are given at the end o f most sections and these are indicated b y colour. Part 2 presents data relevant to lighting design and includes the Daylighting and General Schedules. There are seven appendices, a glossary of terms and a select bibliography. Summarized information on lighting calculations, lighting design and measurement is given in the first four appendices, and some less familiar concepts are discussed in the last three to help designers who wish to be familiar with new trends in lighting practice.
The new wing of a hospital in Massachusetts has had the lighting specifically integrated into the overall hospital design. Various areas and their architectural treatments are described. The coronary care unit at a hospital in Indiana has an installation which provides subdued lighting for monitoring equipment but which will also provide instant, shadow-free examination fighting without undue discomfort or shock to the patients. The lighting of public spaces, patient treatment and observation rooms, and nurses' stations in a number of hospitals is dealt with. 4.4.173 (63141)
Nemeth, A. Colour Systems in Industrial Buildings. (In German.) Periodica Polytechnica: Architecture, 1972, 16. 1 - 2 , 6 9 - 1 0 6 , abstr in Building Science Abstracts. Discusses the influence of colour and the characteristics of individual colours, and their suitability to different types of rooms, furniture and plant. Gives the international colour standards for different types o f pipes, and deals specifically with windowless buildings.
Noise 4.4.174 (63143)
Nemecek, J., and Grandjean, E.
Collins, J.B.
Results of an Ergonomic Investigation of Large-Space Offices. Human Factors Apr 1973, 15.2, 1 1 1 - 1 2 4 .
The IES Code 1973. Light and Lighting, Feb 1973, 66.2, 36 - 39.
Ergonomic measurements of noise, lighting and r o o m climate were made in
4.4.170 (62525)
226
Applied Ergonomics December 1973
15 large-space offices in Switzerland. At t h e same time, 519 employees were given a questionnaire about working in such offices (continuation of work, distractions, disturbances, interpersonal relations, communications, etc.). The correlations among measures indicated the factors that have special influence on the judgements of the large-space office. The results form an objective, usable decision base for the selection and planning of an office building. 4.4.175 (63159)
Cadoff, M.A., and Biomquist, D.S. Acoustical Testing of Potentially Hazardous Noise-Producting Toys, Paper Presented at the 84th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, 28 Nov - 1 Dec. 1972. Abstr in
Journal of the Acoustical Society of A merica. In recent years, a great concern has been expressed for consumer protection and safety, especially for children. As an outgrowth of this concern, acoustical testing of potentially hazardous noise-producing t o y s has been carried out at the National Bureau of Standards for the Bureau of Product Safety (FDA). This discusses the work that has been done on cap pistols and carbide cannons. The discussion focusses particularly on the development of a standard firing apparatus for testing paper caps, and on the problems encountered and the solutions arrived at for testing carbide cannons. 4.4.176 (63171)
Kressin, J., and Karbaum, R. The Question of an Impairment o f Hearing due to Occupational Causes for Cockpit Crews in Civil Aviation (Zur Frage der Berufsbedingten Horschadigung der Cockpitbesatzungen in der Zivilen Luftfahrt). (In German.)
Technischokonomische Information der Zivilen Luftfahrt 1971, 7 . 7 , 3 2 2 - 3 2 5 abstr in Aerospace Medicine. An investigation involving 123 members of cockpit crews m the age between 40 and 50 years was conducted in order to determine the effect o f the noise in the cockpit of an aircraft on the hearing facilities of persons who are exposed to this noise. T h e characteristics and the causes of the cockpit noise are discussed. The subjects had undergone an audiometric examination once a year. Three successive audiograms were evaluated for each ear of every person. An impairment of the auditory facilities was found, amounting to 35 dB at a frequency of 6000 Hz for 75% of the subjects, and to values between 35 and 60 dB for 20%. F o r the remaining 5% the hearing loss was greater than 60 dB.