- Email: [email protected]
IFC(Executive Eds,Associate Eds,Founding Eds..)
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Advertising information. Advertising orders and enquiries can be sent to: USA, Canada and South America: Mr Tino DeCarlo, The Advertising Department, Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10010-1710, USA; phone: (+1) (212) 633 3815; fax: (+1) (212) 633 3820; e-mail: [email protected]. Japan: The Advertising Department, Elsevier K.K., 4F Higashi-Azabu, 1-Chome Bldg, 1-9-15 Higashi-Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan; phone: (+81) (3) 5561 5037; fax: (+81) (3) 5561 5047; e-mail: [email protected]. Europe and ROW: Commercial Sales Department, Elsevier Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK; phone: (+44) 1865 843016; fax: (+44) 1865 843976; e-mail: [email protected]
Executive Editors K.A. Eriksson Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Department of Geological Sciences Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA Fax: (1) 540 231 3386 E-mail: [email protected]
A. Kro¨ner Department of Geology University of Mainz P.O. Box 3980 D-55099 Mainz Germany Fax: (49) 6131 3924769 E-mail: [email protected]
Author enquiries For enquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission where available) please visit Elsevier’s Author Gateway at http://authors.elsevier.com. The Author Gateway also provides the facility to track accepted articles and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article’s status has changed, as well as detailed artwork guidelines, copyright information, frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, are provided after registration of an article for publication.
Associate Editors D. Abbott, Palisades, NY M.E. Barley, Crawley, W.A. T.G. Blenkinsop, Harare R. Blewett, Canberra, A.C.T. R. Caby, Montpellier P.A. Cawood, Perth, W.A. K.C. Condie, Socorro, NM F. Corfu, Oslo M.J. de Wit, Rondebosch C. Fedo, Washington, DC I.C.W. Fitzsimons, Perth, W.A. C.R.L Friend, Oxford S. Golubic, Boston, MA S.L. Harley, Edinburgh B.-M Jahn, Taiwan
P.R. Johnson, Jiddah J.A. Karhu, Helsinki K.E. Karlstrom, Albuquerque, NM A.J. Kaufman, College Park, MD A.H. Knoll, Cambridge, MA J.D. Kramers, Bern B. Krapez, Crawley, W.A. D.R. Lowe, Stanford, CA N. Machado, Montreal, QC J. Martignole, Montreal, QC J.G. Meert, Gainesville, FL K. Mezger, Mu¨nster W. Mueller, Chicoutimi, QC S. Muhongo, Dar-es-Salaam J.S. Myers, St. John’s, NF
D.R. Nelson, Perth, W.A. E.G. Nisbet, Egham A. Nutman, Canberra, A.C.T. J.A. Percival, Ottawa, ON M.M. Pimentel, Brasilia M. Raith, Bonn H. Rollinson, Cheltenham R.J. Stern, Richardson, TX M. Sun, Hong Kong J. Tarney, Leicester P.C. Thurston, Sudbury, ON M.J. van Kranendonk, Perth, W.A. W.R. Van Schmus, Lawrence, KS M. Walter, Bawley Point, N.S.W.
Note to contributors A detailed Guide for Authors is available upon your request. Please pay special attention to the following notes: Language The official language of the journal is English. Authors whose native language is not English are recommended to seek the advice of a colleague who has English as his mother-tongue before submitting their manuscript. Authors in Japan, please note: Upon request, Elsevier Japan will provide authors with a list of people who can check and improve the English of their paper (before submission). Please contact our Tokyo office: Elsevier Japan, 4F Higashi-Azabu, 1-Chome Bldg, 1-9-15 Higashi-Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan, Tel.: (+81) (3) 5561 5037; Fax: (+81) (3) 5561 5047. Preparation of the text (a) The manuscript should be typewritten with double spacing and wide margins and include at the beginning of the paper an abstract of not more than 500 words. Words to be printed in italics should be underlined. The metric system should be used throughout. (b) The title page should include: the title, the name(s) of the author(s) and their affiliations, fax number and e-mail address. (c) Authors should use IUGS terminology. e.g. Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic.
Founding Editors: B. Nagyy, D.A. Pretoriusy, Johannesburg, J.G. Ramsay, St. Julien de Peyrolas, K. Rankamay
Keywords Authors should provide 4 to 6 keywords. These must be taken from the most recent American Geological Institute GeoRef Thesaurus and should be placed beneath the abstract.
Scope of the journal Precambrian Research publishes studies on all aspects of the early stages of the composition, structure and evolution of the Earth and its planetary neighbours. It covers, but is not restricted to, subjects such as: (1) chemical, biological, biochemical and cosmochemical evolution; the origin of life; the evolution of the oceans and atmosphere; the early fossil record; palaeobiology; (2) geochronology and isotope and elemental geochemistry; (3) Precambrian mineral deposits; (4) geophysical aspects of the early Earth and Precambrian terrains; (5) nature and evolution of the Precambrian lithosphere and mantle including magmatic, depositional, metamorphic and tectonic processes. In addition, the editors particularly welcome integrated process-oriented studies that involve a combination of the above fields and comparative studies that demonstrate the effect of Precambrian evolution on Phanerozoic earth system processes.
References (a) References in the text start with the name(s) of the author(s), followed by the publication date in parentheses. (b) The reference list should be in alphabetical order and on sheets separate from the text. Tables Tables should be compiled on separate sheets and should be numbered according to their sequence in the text. Tables can also be sent as glossy prints to avoid errors in typesetting. Illustrations (a) All illustrations should be numbered consecutively and referred to in the text. (b) Drawings should be lettered throughout, the size of the lettering being appropriate to that of the drawings, but taking into account the possible need for reduction in size. The page format of the journal should be considered in designing the drawings. (c) Photographs must be of good quality, printed on glossy paper. (d) Figure captions should be supplied on a separate sheet. (e) If contributors wish to have their original figures returned this should be requested in proof stage at the latest. (f) Colour figures can be accepted providing the reproduction costs are met by the author. Please consult the publisher for further information.
Publication information Precambrian Research (ISSN 0301-9268). For 2004 volumes 128–135 are scheduled for publication. Subscription prices are available upon request from the Publisher or from the Regional Sales Office nearest you or from this journal’s website (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/precamres). Further information is available on this journal and other Elsevier products through Elsevier’s website: (http://www.elsevier.com). Subscriptions are accepted on a prepaid basis only and are entered on a calendar year basis. Issues are sent by standard mail (surface mail within Europe, air delivery outside Europe). Priority rates are available upon request. Claims for missing issues should be made within six months of the date of despatch. Orders, claims, and journal enquiries: please contact the Customer Service Department at the Regional Sales Office nearest you:
Page proofs One set of page proofs will be sent to the corresponding author, to be checked for typesetting/editing. The author is not expected to make changes or corrections that constitute departures from the article in its accepted form. Proofs should be returned within 3 days.
Orlando: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800, USA; phone: (+1) (877) 8397126 [toll free number for US customers], or (+1) (407) 3454020 [customers outside US]; fax: (+1) (407) 3631354; e-mail: [email protected]
Reprints Twenty-five reprints of each article published are supplied free of charge. One hundred reprints are supplied for each review article published. Additional reprints can be ordered on a reprint order form, which will be sent to the first author upon acceptance of the article.
Amsterdam: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; phone: (+31) (20) 4853757; fax: (+31) (20) 4853432; e-mail: [email protected]
Submission of manuscript Authors are requested to submit, with their manuscripts, the names and addresses of four potential referees. Four copies should be submitted to: Editorial Office, Precambrian Research, P.O. Box 1930, 1000 BX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Please note that upon submission of a manuscript three sets of all photographic material printed sharply on glossy paper or as high-definition laser prints must be provided to enable meaningful review. Photocopies and other low-quality prints will not be accepted for review. The indication of a fax and e-mail number on submission of the manuscript could assist in speeding communications. The fax number for the Amsterdam office is +31-20-4852696. Submission of an article is understood to imply that the article is original and unpublished and is not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Tokyo: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, 4F Higashi-Azabu, 1-Chome Bldg, 1-9-15 Higashi-Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan; phone: (+81) (3) 5561 5037; fax: (+81) (3) 5561 5047; e-mail: [email protected] Singapore: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, 3 Killiney Road, #08-01 Winsland House I, Singapore 239519; phone: (+65) 63490222; fax: (+65) 67331510; e-mail: [email protected] US mailing notice: Precambrian Research (ISSN 0301-9268) is published monthly by Elsevier (P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Annual subscription price in the USA US$ 2,478 (valid in North, Central and South America), including air speed delivery. Periodical postage rate paid at Jamaica, NY 11431. USA POSTMASTERS: Send address changes to Precambrian Research, Publications Expediting, Inc., 200 Meacham Avenue, Elmont, NY 11003. AIRFREIGHT AND MAILING in the USA by Publications Expediting Inc., 200 Meacham Avenue, Elmont, NY 11003.
Submission of electronic text Authors are requested to submit the final text on a 3.500 or 5.2500 diskette. Both double density (DD) and high density (HD) diskettes are acceptable. Make sure, however, that the diskettes are formatted according to their capacity (HD or DD) before copying the files onto them. As with the requirements for manuscript submission, the main text, list of references, table and figure captions should be stored in separate text files with clearly identifiable file names. The format of these files depends on the word processor used. Texts written with Display Write, MultiMate, Microsoft Word, Samna Word, Sprint, TEX, Volkswriter, Wang PC, WordMARC, WordPerfect and Wordstar or supplied in DCAI/RFT, or DEC/DX format can be readily processed. In all other cases the preferred format is DOS text or ASCII. It is essential that the name and version of the word processing program, the type of computer on which the text was prepared, and the format of the text file are clearly indicated. Authors are requested to ensure that the contents of the diskette correspond exactly to the contents of the hard copy manuscript. If available, electronic files of the figures should also be included on a separate floppy disk.
1 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.448-1992 (Permanance of Paper). * PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
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Advertising information. Advertising orders and enquiries can be sent to: USA, Canada and South America: Mr Tino DeCarlo, The Advertising Department, Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10010-1710, USA; phone: (+1) (212) 633 3815; fax: (+1) (212) 633 3820; e-mail: [email protected]. Japan: The Advertising Department, Elsevier K.K., 4F Higashi-Azabu, 1-Chome Bldg, 1-9-15 Higashi-Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan; phone: (+81) (3) 5561 5037; fax: (+81) (3) 5561 5047; e-mail: [email protected]. Europe and ROW: Commercial Sales Department, Elsevier Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK; phone: (+44) 1865 843016; fax: (+44) 1865 843976; e-mail: [email protected]
Executive Editors K.A. Eriksson Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Department of Geological Sciences Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA Fax: (1) 540 231 3386 E-mail: [email protected]
A. Kro¨ner Department of Geology University of Mainz P.O. Box 3980 D-55099 Mainz Germany Fax: (49) 6131 3924769 E-mail: [email protected]
Author enquiries For enquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission where available) please visit Elsevier’s Author Gateway at http://authors.elsevier.com. The Author Gateway also provides the facility to track accepted articles and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article’s status has changed, as well as detailed artwork guidelines, copyright information, frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, are provided after registration of an article for publication.
Associate Editors D. Abbott, Palisades, NY M.E. Barley, Crawley, W.A. T.G. Blenkinsop, Harare R. Blewett, Canberra, A.C.T. R. Caby, Montpellier P.A. Cawood, Perth, W.A. K.C. Condie, Socorro, NM F. Corfu, Oslo M.J. de Wit, Rondebosch C. Fedo, Washington, DC I.C.W. Fitzsimons, Perth, W.A. C.R.L Friend, Oxford S. Golubic, Boston, MA S.L. Harley, Edinburgh B.-M Jahn, Taiwan
P.R. Johnson, Jiddah J.A. Karhu, Helsinki K.E. Karlstrom, Albuquerque, NM A.J. Kaufman, College Park, MD A.H. Knoll, Cambridge, MA J.D. Kramers, Bern B. Krapez, Crawley, W.A. D.R. Lowe, Stanford, CA N. Machado, Montreal, QC J. Martignole, Montreal, QC J.G. Meert, Gainesville, FL K. Mezger, Mu¨nster W. Mueller, Chicoutimi, QC S. Muhongo, Dar-es-Salaam J.S. Myers, St. John’s, NF
D.R. Nelson, Perth, W.A. E.G. Nisbet, Egham A. Nutman, Canberra, A.C.T. J.A. Percival, Ottawa, ON M.M. Pimentel, Brasilia M. Raith, Bonn H. Rollinson, Cheltenham R.J. Stern, Richardson, TX M. Sun, Hong Kong J. Tarney, Leicester P.C. Thurston, Sudbury, ON M.J. van Kranendonk, Perth, W.A. W.R. Van Schmus, Lawrence, KS M. Walter, Bawley Point, N.S.W.
Note to contributors A detailed Guide for Authors is available upon your request. Please pay special attention to the following notes: Language The official language of the journal is English. Authors whose native language is not English are recommended to seek the advice of a colleague who has English as his mother-tongue before submitting their manuscript. Authors in Japan, please note: Upon request, Elsevier Japan will provide authors with a list of people who can check and improve the English of their paper (before submission). Please contact our Tokyo office: Elsevier Japan, 4F Higashi-Azabu, 1-Chome Bldg, 1-9-15 Higashi-Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan, Tel.: (+81) (3) 5561 5037; Fax: (+81) (3) 5561 5047. Preparation of the text (a) The manuscript should be typewritten with double spacing and wide margins and include at the beginning of the paper an abstract of not more than 500 words. Words to be printed in italics should be underlined. The metric system should be used throughout. (b) The title page should include: the title, the name(s) of the author(s) and their affiliations, fax number and e-mail address. (c) Authors should use IUGS terminology. e.g. Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic.
Founding Editors: B. Nagyy, D.A. Pretoriusy, Johannesburg, J.G. Ramsay, St. Julien de Peyrolas, K. Rankamay
Keywords Authors should provide 4 to 6 keywords. These must be taken from the most recent American Geological Institute GeoRef Thesaurus and should be placed beneath the abstract.
Scope of the journal Precambrian Research publishes studies on all aspects of the early stages of the composition, structure and evolution of the Earth and its planetary neighbours. It covers, but is not restricted to, subjects such as: (1) chemical, biological, biochemical and cosmochemical evolution; the origin of life; the evolution of the oceans and atmosphere; the early fossil record; palaeobiology; (2) geochronology and isotope and elemental geochemistry; (3) Precambrian mineral deposits; (4) geophysical aspects of the early Earth and Precambrian terrains; (5) nature and evolution of the Precambrian lithosphere and mantle including magmatic, depositional, metamorphic and tectonic processes. In addition, the editors particularly welcome integrated process-oriented studies that involve a combination of the above fields and comparative studies that demonstrate the effect of Precambrian evolution on Phanerozoic earth system processes.
References (a) References in the text start with the name(s) of the author(s), followed by the publication date in parentheses. (b) The reference list should be in alphabetical order and on sheets separate from the text. Tables Tables should be compiled on separate sheets and should be numbered according to their sequence in the text. Tables can also be sent as glossy prints to avoid errors in typesetting. Illustrations (a) All illustrations should be numbered consecutively and referred to in the text. (b) Drawings should be lettered throughout, the size of the lettering being appropriate to that of the drawings, but taking into account the possible need for reduction in size. The page format of the journal should be considered in designing the drawings. (c) Photographs must be of good quality, printed on glossy paper. (d) Figure captions should be supplied on a separate sheet. (e) If contributors wish to have their original figures returned this should be requested in proof stage at the latest. (f) Colour figures can be accepted providing the reproduction costs are met by the author. Please consult the publisher for further information.
Publication information Precambrian Research (ISSN 0301-9268). For 2004 volumes 128–135 are scheduled for publication. Subscription prices are available upon request from the Publisher or from the Regional Sales Office nearest you or from this journal’s website (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/precamres). Further information is available on this journal and other Elsevier products through Elsevier’s website: (http://www.elsevier.com). Subscriptions are accepted on a prepaid basis only and are entered on a calendar year basis. Issues are sent by standard mail (surface mail within Europe, air delivery outside Europe). Priority rates are available upon request. Claims for missing issues should be made within six months of the date of despatch. Orders, claims, and journal enquiries: please contact the Customer Service Department at the Regional Sales Office nearest you:
Page proofs One set of page proofs will be sent to the corresponding author, to be checked for typesetting/editing. The author is not expected to make changes or corrections that constitute departures from the article in its accepted form. Proofs should be returned within 3 days.
Orlando: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800, USA; phone: (+1) (877) 8397126 [toll free number for US customers], or (+1) (407) 3454020 [customers outside US]; fax: (+1) (407) 3631354; e-mail: [email protected]
Reprints Twenty-five reprints of each article published are supplied free of charge. One hundred reprints are supplied for each review article published. Additional reprints can be ordered on a reprint order form, which will be sent to the first author upon acceptance of the article.
Amsterdam: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; phone: (+31) (20) 4853757; fax: (+31) (20) 4853432; e-mail: [email protected]
Submission of manuscript Authors are requested to submit, with their manuscripts, the names and addresses of four potential referees. Four copies should be submitted to: Editorial Office, Precambrian Research, P.O. Box 1930, 1000 BX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Please note that upon submission of a manuscript three sets of all photographic material printed sharply on glossy paper or as high-definition laser prints must be provided to enable meaningful review. Photocopies and other low-quality prints will not be accepted for review. The indication of a fax and e-mail number on submission of the manuscript could assist in speeding communications. The fax number for the Amsterdam office is +31-20-4852696. Submission of an article is understood to imply that the article is original and unpublished and is not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Tokyo: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, 4F Higashi-Azabu, 1-Chome Bldg, 1-9-15 Higashi-Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan; phone: (+81) (3) 5561 5037; fax: (+81) (3) 5561 5047; e-mail: [email protected] Singapore: Elsevier, Customer Service Department, 3 Killiney Road, #08-01 Winsland House I, Singapore 239519; phone: (+65) 63490222; fax: (+65) 67331510; e-mail: [email protected] US mailing notice: Precambrian Research (ISSN 0301-9268) is published monthly by Elsevier (P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Annual subscription price in the USA US$ 2,478 (valid in North, Central and South America), including air speed delivery. Periodical postage rate paid at Jamaica, NY 11431. USA POSTMASTERS: Send address changes to Precambrian Research, Publications Expediting, Inc., 200 Meacham Avenue, Elmont, NY 11003. AIRFREIGHT AND MAILING in the USA by Publications Expediting Inc., 200 Meacham Avenue, Elmont, NY 11003.
Submission of electronic text Authors are requested to submit the final text on a 3.500 or 5.2500 diskette. Both double density (DD) and high density (HD) diskettes are acceptable. Make sure, however, that the diskettes are formatted according to their capacity (HD or DD) before copying the files onto them. As with the requirements for manuscript submission, the main text, list of references, table and figure captions should be stored in separate text files with clearly identifiable file names. The format of these files depends on the word processor used. Texts written with Display Write, MultiMate, Microsoft Word, Samna Word, Sprint, TEX, Volkswriter, Wang PC, WordMARC, WordPerfect and Wordstar or supplied in DCAI/RFT, or DEC/DX format can be readily processed. In all other cases the preferred format is DOS text or ASCII. It is essential that the name and version of the word processing program, the type of computer on which the text was prepared, and the format of the text file are clearly indicated. Authors are requested to ensure that the contents of the diskette correspond exactly to the contents of the hard copy manuscript. If available, electronic files of the figures should also be included on a separate floppy disk.
1 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.448-1992 (Permanance of Paper). * PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
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