Indexes

437

INDEXES How to find your way

The various subjects discussed i n the chapters are presented i n the Subject Indexes, as w e l l as the b o t a n i c a l names o f p l a n t s mentioned i n t h e t e x t . Solvent systems, d e t e c t i o n methods and various chromatographic techniques (ion-exchange,

reversed-phase,

ion-pair,

straight-phase) are n o t included i n the Subject Index. These subjects are d e a l t w i t h separately f o r each group o f a l k a l o i d s and may be found i n the l i s t o f contents o f each chapter.

A l l compounds w i t h a p e r t i n e n t reference t o r e t e n t i o n times o r d e t e c t i o n methods e i t h e r i n the t e x t , f i g u r e s o r tables are l i s t e d i n the compound index. F o r the various groups o f a l k a l o i d s , tables summarizing a l l the a v a i l a b l e l i t e r a t u r e are presented a t t h e end o f each chapter. Compounds l i s t e d i n these tables are n o t included i n the Compound Index. Hence t o f i n d a l l data r e l a t i n g t o a p a r t i c u l a r compound, i t may be necessary t o c o n s u l t both the Compound Index and the appropriate tables. SUBJECT INDEX GAS-L I QUID CHROMATOGRAPHY dcronychia a1 k a l o i d s

93-95

151, 152 d e r i v a t i z a t i o n 23, 151, 152 GC-MS 151

Amaryllidaceae a l k a l o i d s

Aporphine a l k a l o i d s

Caffeine analysis i n biological material

191- 194 a n a l y s i s i n food and beverages

114, 115, 128,

129, 147-150

190, 191 a n a l y s i s i n pharmaceutical

analysis i n biological material

128, 129, 148-150 d e r i v a t i z a t i on 23, 148-150 GC-MS

148, 150

GC-MS

53-56 dspidosperma a l k a l o i d s 166, 167

GC-MS

166

15-19, 40, 45, 46, 53, 81,

61-72 Cactus a l k a l o i d s 97-101 analysis i n b i o l o g i c a l m a t e r i a l 101 analysis i n p l a n t m a t e r i a l

97-101 Cactus a l k a l o i d s GC-MS

101

89, 90, 128, 136-138, 165, 166, 187, 189, 208 B-Carboline d e r i v a t i v e s 156, 157,

61-72

Belladonna a l k a l o i d s

derivatization

187, 192, 208

c a p i l l a r y gas chromatography

A r t e f a c t formation, see vol. 23A

Atropd a l k a l o i d s

194-198 187, 189, 208

preparations c a p i l l a r y GC

170 Cephalotaxus a l k a l o i d s

213-215

analysis i n plant material GC-MS 213

213, 214

Cinchona a l k a l o i d s 87-91 a n a l y s i s i n b i o l o g i c a l m a t e r i a l 87-89 analysis i n food and beverages 89 a n a l y s i s i n pharmaceutical prepara-

22, 101

t i o n s 87-90 c a p i l l a r y GC

89, 90

430

derivatization 22, 87-89, 91 GC-MS 89 Clavine alkaloids 176, 177 Cocaine metabolites 75-80 Coca leaves 73, 80, 8 1 Conium a1 kaloids 54 Datura a1 kaloids 61-72 Deactivation solid support 9-13 Derivatization of alkaloids f o r gas chromatography 21-24 Dihydroergotoxine alkaloids 177, 178, 180, 182

Drugs of abuse 113, 116, 127-136, 138- 14 1 analysis drug seizures 129-134,

142-144

173-176

Lupine alkaloids 55-59 Nicotine metabolites 42, 43, 45, 46, 47

Opium alkaloids 111-146 analysis i n biological material

analysis i n pharmaceutical preparations 125, 126 analysis in plant material 113, capillary GC 128, 136-138 derivatization 22, 23, 114-124, 126, 128, 129, 136, 137.

106-108

analysis in pharmaceutical preparations 105, 106 analysis in plant material 105 derivatization 22, 104 Ergot alkaloids 173-184 analysis in biological material 179

analysis in pharmaceutical perparations 176, 182, 183 derivatization 23, 24, 173-177 GC-MS 179. 180 Erythrina alkaloids 153, 154 derivatization 153, 154

142-144

GC-MS

116. 121-123, 127, 128

Papaveraceae a1 kaloids (see O p i u m alkaloids) 111-146 Physostigma a1 kaloids 166 Piperidine alkaloids 53, 54 analysis in plant material 53, 54

capillary GC 53 Piper nigrum alkaloids 53 Pseudotropine alkaloids 73-85 analysis in biological material 75-80

analysis in drug seizures 73,

153

Fused s i l i c a columns 15, 19, 81, 89, 90, 137. 138. 188

Glycoalkaloids 185, 186 Heteroyohimbine alkaloids

analysis i n opium 116-120, 125,

117

116, 134, 135

alkaloids 103-109 analysis in biological material

Ephedra

158, 159,

81

analysis in pharmaceutical preparations 74, 80 analysis in plant material 73, 80, 8 1

168-170 Hyoscyamus

154

LSO and derivatives

126

116, 127, 135, 136

capi 1 lary GC 136-138 derivatization 128-133, 135-137,

GC-MS

239-245)

Isoquinoline alkaloids 97-101, 111-

115, 116, 120-128, 136, 137

137

analysis in biological material

GC-MS

Imidazole alkaloids 217, 218 derivati zation 24 Indole alkaloids derivatization 23 Isolation from biological materials 388, 389 (see also vol. 23A 51-58,

alkaloids 61-72

capillary GC 8 1

439

derivatization GC-MS

21, 73-80, 83, 84

78-80

Pyridine alkaloids

33-52

42-47 35, 38-40, 41 34, 40-42

analysis i n plant material

21, 37, 43

35, 38-40,

45, 47 29-32

analysis i n plant material

c a p i l l a r y GC 31

21, 31, 32

Quinolizidine alkaloids

55-59

57, 58 159-162

160, 161

61-85 61-72

a n a l y s i s i n p h a n a c e u t i c a l preparations

analysis i n plant material

161

160

64-69

analysis i n plant material derivatization

Sample p r e p a r a t i o n

231, 388, 389

(see a l s o v o l . 23A 51-58, 239-245) Solanaceae a1 k a l o i d s ( s e e t r o p i n e 61-72

GC-MS

155-159, 175

uncaria a1 k a l o i d s

165-166

d e r i v a t i z a t i o n 24, 185, 186 61-72

Strychnos a1 k a l o i d s

162-165

168-170 165-166

analysis i n biological material

185, 186

Stramonium a l k a l o i d s

61-69

21, 65-69

67

Tryptamines

Vinca a l k a l o i d s

185, 186

Steroidal alkaloids

c a p i l l a r y GC

165, 166

derivatization GC-MS

analysis i n biological material 165

165

165

X a n t h i ne d e r i v a t i v e s

187-21 1

a n a l y s i s i n b i o l o g i c a l m a t e r i a1

a n a l y s i s i n pharmaceutical preparations

Tropane a l k a l o i d s Tropine a l k a l o i d s 67

analysis i n biological material

Solanurn a l k a l o i d s

21, 37, 43

45, 47

analysis i n biological material

Rauwolfia a1 k a l o i d s

alkaloids)

40, 45. 46

derivatization GC-MS

55-59

analysis i n plant material

GC-MS

34,

41

a n a l y s i s i n smoke 34, 40-42

P y r r o l i z i d i n e a1 k a l o i d s

GC-MS

42-47

40, 45, 46

derivatization

187. 208

Tobacco a l k a l o i d s analysis i n biological material

a n a l y s i s i n smoke derivatization

187, 189, 190,

202-208 GC-MS

34,

analysis i n plant material

c a p i l l a r y GC

189, 208

derivatization

analysis i n biological material

GC-MS

r a t i o n s 200 c a p i l l a r y GC

164

analysis i n plant material

162,

163 Symphytum a l k a l o i d s

190-194, 200-208 a n a l y s i s i n f o o d and beverages 190, 191 analysis i n phanaceutical pre-

31, 32

Theophyl 1i n e analysis i n biological material 190, 200-208 a n a l y s i s i n pharmaceutical prepa-

parations c a p i l l a r y GC derivatization

194-198, 200 187, 189, 208 24, 187, 189.

190, 199, 202-208 GC-MS

187, 192, 208

440

SUBJECT INDEX HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Abbreviations f o r solvents

222

Aconite a l k a l o i d s 415, 416 A1 k y l ami nes 228 Aluminium oxide 229 Amaryllidaceae a l k a l o i d s 230, 287. 290,

291 A r t e f a c t formation (see v o l . 23A 53-56) Atropine and decomposition products

357-360,

362-368. 371 D i s s o l u t i o n s t a t i o n a r y phase 225.

228, 359 Diterpene a l k a l o i d s 415, 416 Drugs o f abuse 260-268, 297-330 analysis i n biological material

305, 308, 309, 324, 325 a n a l y s i s drug seizures 297, 300,

249-251. 254 Belladonna a l k a l o i d s 249-259 8 i sbenzyl isoquinol i n e a1 k a l o i d s 287,

288, 289, 292, 293 Cactus a l k a l o i d s 289, 290 Caffeine analysis i n b i o l o g i c a l f l u i d s

387-394, 399-401, 407-413 analysis i n food and beverages

389, 393, 394, 402, 414 metabolites 387-394, 399-401.

407-413 Catharanthus a l k a l o i d s

D i hydroergotoxine a1 k a l o i d s

332, 333,

347-349, 353 Chemically bonded s t a t i o n a r y phases c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n 432-434 Chemisorption 225, 228 Cinchona a l k a l o i d s 269-285 analysis i n b i o l o g i c a l m a t e r i a l

269-273, 275-279, 283-285 analysis i n food and beverages

271. 272, 278, 285 analysis i n pharmaceutical preparat i o n s 272, 282, 283 C i r c u l a r dichroism detector 230, 290 Clavine a l k a l o i d s 360, 361. 367, 372 Cocaine metabolites 260, 265, 268 Colchicine and r e l a t e d a l k a l o i d s

417-419 Corrosion o f s t a i n l e s s s t e l l by mobile phase 226 Curare a l k a l o i d s 287, 288, 292 Detection methods 230, 231

301, 303, 304-310. 313-315, 326-328 Dynamic ion-exchange HPLC 227 Eburnane a l k a l o i d s 332, 334, 337-343, 347-353. 355. 356 Electrochemical d e t e c t i o n 230 E l l i p t i c i n e d e r i v a t i v e s 335, 336, 344 E l u o t r o p i c s e r i e s o f solvents f o r macroporous polymer r e s i n s 227 E l u o t r o p i c s e r i e s o f solvents f o r straight-phase chromatography (see v o l . 23A 5-7) E l u o t r o p i c s e r i e s o f solvents i n reversed-phase HPLC 224. 225 Ergometrine and decomposition products 357, 360 Ergot a l k a l o i d s 357-379 analysis i n biological material

357, 359, 362, 378-379 357, 358, 360, 361, 366. 368, 371-374

a n a l y s i s i n fungi

a n a l y s i s i n pharmaceutical preparations 357-360, 362, 366, 374-376 Ergotamine and decomposition products

357-359, 367 Ergotoxine a l k a l o i d s 357-361, 363-

368, 370-372 Fluorescence d e t e c t i o n 230 Free s i l a n o l groups i n s t a t i o n a r y phases 224 Glycoalkaloids 381-386

441

225, 229. 231

Guard columns

material

335, 354 Heroin metabolites 308 Harmane a l k a l o i d s

231, 273. 291, 366, 368, 372

rations

I d e n t i f i c a t i o n by using UV-absorption

322-324

HPLC-MS ratio

230. 237. 238. 302, 304

421-423 Indole a l k a l o i d s 331-379

287. 289. 290

P i l o c a r p i n e and decomposition products 421-423

Ion-exchange s t a t i o n a r y phases

432 I o n - p a i r HPLC 227, 228

P o l a r chemically bonded s t a t i o n a r y

characterization

phases

288. 290 I s o l a t i o n from b i o l o g i c a l material Ipecac a l k a l o i d s

388, 389 (see a l s o vol 51-58, 239-245)

. 23A

characterization

433. 434

Post-column d e r i v a t i z a t i o n 230,

249, 250-253,

290. 310, 360, 368 230, 251,

Pre-column d e r i v a t i z a t i o n

223. 287-330,

analysis i n biological material

288, 290, 296 a n a l y s i s i n pharmaceutical prepar a t i o n s 295, 296 a n a l y s i s i n p l a n t material

288.

290, 294, 295

252, 290 Pseudotropine a1 k a l o i d s

260-268

analysis i n b i o l o g i c a l m a t e r i a l

260, 265, 268 a n a l y s i s i n pharmaceutical prepar a t i o n s 264, 265

225, 226, 300

a n a l y s i s i n s t r e e t drugs Psilocybe a l k a l o i d s

analysis i n b i o l o g i c a l m a t e r i a l

357, 378, 379 a n a l y s i s i n drug seizures

357,

360, 366, 367, 371, 377, 378 Lumi-ergot a l k a l o i d s 360, 366 227, 235, 300, 316. 335, 354, 365, 426, 428

Macroporous polymer r e s i n s

Masking o f s i l a n o l groups

225, 226

331, 337, 343,

344, 347-349, 353, 355, 356 P y r i d i n e a l k a l o i d s 241-248 analysis i n b i o l o g i c a l m a t e r i a l 242, 246 analysis i n drugs of abuse analysis i n plant material

241-248

analysis i n plant material Quaternary alkylamines

Normal-phase s t a t i o n a r y phases

Quaternary amnonium compounds

434, 435

On-column preconcentration 231, 232,

359 223, 297-330

analysis i n biological material

303, 305, 308-310, 324, 325 analysis i n opium and p l a n t

245 243.

246 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

297-330 Morphine metabolites 299. 305

Morphinan a l k a l o i d s

Opium a l k a l o i d s

260,

261. 266. 267

LSD and d e r i v a t i v e s

characterization

264

analysis i n plant material

Long chain a l k y l amines as m o d i f i e r i n solvents

(see opium

297-330

Phenylethylamines

HPLC 223

Isoquinoline alkaloids

305, 306, 310, 317,

Papaveraceae a l k a l o i d s alkaloids)

Imidazole a l k a l o i d s Ion-exchange

299, 300, 305, 306,

316, 317, 320, 321 a n a l y s i s i n pharmaceutical prepa-

241,

245 425, 428 250,

251, 254, 255, 287, 288, 290, 292, 336, 337. 425-432 Quinidine metabolites 269-273, 275-277, 279 Quinoline alkaloids

269-285

analysis i n biological material

269-273, 275-279, 283-285

44 2

analysis i n food and beverages 271, 272, 278, 285 analysis i n pharmaceutical preparations 272, 282, 283 Rauwolfia alkaloids 331. 335, 338, 341, 344 Reversed-phase HPLC 224-227 Reversed-phase ion-pai r HPLC 227, 228 Reversed-phase stationary phases characterization 432-433 Sample preparation 231, 388, 389, (see a l s o vol. 23A 51-58, 239-245) Senecio-a1 kaloids 241, 243, 244 S i l i c a gel 228, 229 S i l i c a gel pH 226, 229 S i l i c a gel stationary phases characterization 434, 435 Soap chromatography 227 Solanurn a1 kaloids 381-386 Solvent s e l e c t i v i t y (see vol. 23A 5-8) Stationary phases characterization 432-435 Steroidal a1 kaloids 381-386 Straight-phase HPLC 228 Straight-phase ion-pair HPLC 228 Strychnos a1 kaloids 331, 338, 341, 347-349, 355 Symphyturn-alkaloids 242, 244. 245 Tabernaemontana a1 kaloids 338 Terpenoid indole a1 kaloids 331-356 analysis i n biological material 332, 335, 337, 344, 351, 352, 354 analysis i n Pharmaceutical preparations 332, 337, 338, 343. 344, 350, 351, 354

analysis i n plant material 332, 335. 338, 343, 344, 347-349, 353, 355, 356 Theophyl l i n e analysis i n biological materials 387-394, 399-401, 407-413 metabolites 387-394, 399-401, 407413 Tobacco alkaloids 241-248 analysis i n biological material 242, 246 analysis i n drugs of abuse 245 analysis i n plant material 243, 246 Trace enrichment 231, 232, 359 Tropane alkaloids 249-268 Tropine alkaloids 249-259 analysis i n biological material analysis i n pharmaceutical preparations 249-252, 254. 255, 257259 analysis i n plant material Uric acid derivatives 387, 390, 391, 399-401 veratrurn alkaloids 383 Vinca alkaloids 332, 334, 337-343, 347-353, 355, 356 Xanthine alkaloids 387-414 analysis i n biological materials 387-394, 399-401, 407-413 analysis i n food and beverages 389, 393, 394, 402, 414 analysis i n pharmaceutical preparations 389, 393, 394, 401, 404407