- Email: [email protected]
Indirect genotoxicity of diesel engine emission: An in vivo study under controlled conditions
S64
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 238S (2015) S56–S383
P01-027 Indirect genotoxicity of diesel engine emission: An in vivo study under controlled conditions Y. Landkocz 1,∗ , P. Gosset 1,2 , A. Heliot 1 , C. Corbiere 3 , C. Vendeville 3 , V. Kevarec 4 , S. Billet 1 , A. Verdin 1 , C. Monteil 3 , D. Preterre 4 , J.-P. Morin 3 , F. Sichel 5 , T. Douki 6 , P.J. Martin 1 1 Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, EA4492 UCEIV, Dunkerque, France 2 Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille, Service d’Anatomie pathologie, Lille, France 3 Normandy University, EA4651 ABTE, Rouen, France 4 CERTAM, Rouen, France 5 Normandy University, EA4651 ABTE, Caen, France 6 CEA, Université Joseph Fourier, UMR E3, SCIB, Grenoble, France
Question: Air Pollution produced by automobile traffic is one of the main sources of pollutants in urban atmosphere and is largely due to exhausts of the diesel engine powered vehicles. The International Agency for Research on Cancer, which is part of the World Health Organization, classified in 2012 diesel engine exhaust as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), based on sufficient evidence that exposure is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer. Amongst the strategies aimed at limiting exhausts in order to take into consideration the health impact of automobile pollution, filtration of the emissions and use of biofuels are developed, but their toxicological impact is largely unknown. Diesel exhausts are indeed complex mixtures of toxic substances difficult to study from a toxicological point of view, due to both the necessary characterization of the pollutants, sampling difficulties, potential synergy between the compounds and the wide variety of biological effects. Methods: Here, we studied the potential indirect genotoxicity of emission of Diesel engines through on-line exposure of rats in inhalation chambers to a subchronic high but realistic dose. Following exposure to standard gasoil ± rapeseed methyl ester either upstream or downstream of a particle filter or control treatment, rats have been sacrificed and their lungs collected. Results: The following indirect genotoxic parameters have been measured: (i) telomerase activity and telomeres length associated with rTERT and rTERC gene expression by RT-qPCR on frozen lungs, (ii) ␥H2AX quantification, representing double-strand DNA breaks, by immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed-paraffin embedded (FFPE) lung samples. Conclusion: These preliminary results will be then associated with global cellular response analyzed by pan-genomic microarrays, monitoring of oxidative stress and the quantification of primary DNA lesions in order to identify biological markers associated with a potential pro-carcinogenic response of diesel or biodiesel, with or without filters, in a relevant system of in vivo exposition.
P02 – Food Safety/Food Allergies P02-001 Effects of cooking process on the concentrations of mercury, selenium and GPx activity in Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) M. Belles Mateu 1 , M.I. Llovet 2 , B. Mèlich Bonancia 3 , J.L. Domingo Roig 2,∗ , V. Linares-Vidal 1,2 1 University Rovira i Virgili, Physiology Unit, Basic Medical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, IISPV, Reus, Spain 2 University Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, IISPV, Basic Medical Sciences, Reus, Spain 3 Grup Balfego, Quality, Environment and R&D Manager, L’Ametlla de Mar, Spain
Several pollutants are continuously being introduced into marine ecosystems. Heavy metals are persistent pollutants that can be accumulated by marine organisms through a variety of pathways and they are biomagnified in the food chains, becoming increasingly dangerous for human consumption. Special attention should be taken to the exogenous harmful mercury (Hg) and also selenium (Se). Se is a critical element of numerous selenoproteins in humans which are essential components of antioxidant systems, such as, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) that protect against damage from free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The present investigation was carried out on the bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) collected between April and May 2013 from the Balfegó Fisheries (Tarragona, Spain). The effects of cooking processes on total Hg and Se concentrations, and the GPx activity were analyzed in white and black muscle samples (raw and cooked). For each tuna item, two composite samples were prepared to determine concentrations of Hg and Se by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS). GPx activity was quantified using a Cobas Mira automatic analyzer. Mainly Se content increased in white cooked muscle samples, whereas in black muscle samples Se content was decreased in cooked samples. Hg content did not differ from raw neither in white nor black muscle samples. Se Concentration and GPx activity were higher in black muscle compared to the white muscle. Moreover, in both samples GPx activity was decreased in cooked samples. These results contribute to understand the antagonistic effects between Hg and Se following correlation with the antioxidant GPx function. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.228
P02-002 Pharmacognostic standardization of leaf of Ficus carica leaves
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.226 B. Ali 1,2,∗ , M. Mujeeb 1,2 , S. Shams 3 , B. Ali 3 1
Buraydah Colleges, Al-Qassim, India Buraydah Colleges, Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Qassim, India 3 Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehra Dun, Pharmaceutics, Dehradun, Saudi Arabia 2
Ficus carica Linn. (Moraceae) is an important traditional medicinal plant commonly known as Fig (Teen in arabic). The pharmacognostic studies of fresh leaf sample and dried power of the leaf were carried out in terms of organoleptic, microscopic, macroscopic and fluorescence analysis. Macroscopic study showed that leaf is
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 238S (2015) S56–S383
P01-027 Indirect genotoxicity of diesel engine emission: An in vivo study under controlled conditions Y. Landkocz 1,∗ , P. Gosset 1,2 , A. Heliot 1 , C. Corbiere 3 , C. Vendeville 3 , V. Kevarec 4 , S. Billet 1 , A. Verdin 1 , C. Monteil 3 , D. Preterre 4 , J.-P. Morin 3 , F. Sichel 5 , T. Douki 6 , P.J. Martin 1 1 Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, EA4492 UCEIV, Dunkerque, France 2 Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille, Service d’Anatomie pathologie, Lille, France 3 Normandy University, EA4651 ABTE, Rouen, France 4 CERTAM, Rouen, France 5 Normandy University, EA4651 ABTE, Caen, France 6 CEA, Université Joseph Fourier, UMR E3, SCIB, Grenoble, France
Question: Air Pollution produced by automobile traffic is one of the main sources of pollutants in urban atmosphere and is largely due to exhausts of the diesel engine powered vehicles. The International Agency for Research on Cancer, which is part of the World Health Organization, classified in 2012 diesel engine exhaust as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), based on sufficient evidence that exposure is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer. Amongst the strategies aimed at limiting exhausts in order to take into consideration the health impact of automobile pollution, filtration of the emissions and use of biofuels are developed, but their toxicological impact is largely unknown. Diesel exhausts are indeed complex mixtures of toxic substances difficult to study from a toxicological point of view, due to both the necessary characterization of the pollutants, sampling difficulties, potential synergy between the compounds and the wide variety of biological effects. Methods: Here, we studied the potential indirect genotoxicity of emission of Diesel engines through on-line exposure of rats in inhalation chambers to a subchronic high but realistic dose. Following exposure to standard gasoil ± rapeseed methyl ester either upstream or downstream of a particle filter or control treatment, rats have been sacrificed and their lungs collected. Results: The following indirect genotoxic parameters have been measured: (i) telomerase activity and telomeres length associated with rTERT and rTERC gene expression by RT-qPCR on frozen lungs, (ii) ␥H2AX quantification, representing double-strand DNA breaks, by immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed-paraffin embedded (FFPE) lung samples. Conclusion: These preliminary results will be then associated with global cellular response analyzed by pan-genomic microarrays, monitoring of oxidative stress and the quantification of primary DNA lesions in order to identify biological markers associated with a potential pro-carcinogenic response of diesel or biodiesel, with or without filters, in a relevant system of in vivo exposition.
P02 – Food Safety/Food Allergies P02-001 Effects of cooking process on the concentrations of mercury, selenium and GPx activity in Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) M. Belles Mateu 1 , M.I. Llovet 2 , B. Mèlich Bonancia 3 , J.L. Domingo Roig 2,∗ , V. Linares-Vidal 1,2 1 University Rovira i Virgili, Physiology Unit, Basic Medical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, IISPV, Reus, Spain 2 University Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, IISPV, Basic Medical Sciences, Reus, Spain 3 Grup Balfego, Quality, Environment and R&D Manager, L’Ametlla de Mar, Spain
Several pollutants are continuously being introduced into marine ecosystems. Heavy metals are persistent pollutants that can be accumulated by marine organisms through a variety of pathways and they are biomagnified in the food chains, becoming increasingly dangerous for human consumption. Special attention should be taken to the exogenous harmful mercury (Hg) and also selenium (Se). Se is a critical element of numerous selenoproteins in humans which are essential components of antioxidant systems, such as, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) that protect against damage from free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The present investigation was carried out on the bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) collected between April and May 2013 from the Balfegó Fisheries (Tarragona, Spain). The effects of cooking processes on total Hg and Se concentrations, and the GPx activity were analyzed in white and black muscle samples (raw and cooked). For each tuna item, two composite samples were prepared to determine concentrations of Hg and Se by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS). GPx activity was quantified using a Cobas Mira automatic analyzer. Mainly Se content increased in white cooked muscle samples, whereas in black muscle samples Se content was decreased in cooked samples. Hg content did not differ from raw neither in white nor black muscle samples. Se Concentration and GPx activity were higher in black muscle compared to the white muscle. Moreover, in both samples GPx activity was decreased in cooked samples. These results contribute to understand the antagonistic effects between Hg and Se following correlation with the antioxidant GPx function. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.228
P02-002 Pharmacognostic standardization of leaf of Ficus carica leaves
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.226 B. Ali 1,2,∗ , M. Mujeeb 1,2 , S. Shams 3 , B. Ali 3 1
Buraydah Colleges, Al-Qassim, India Buraydah Colleges, Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Qassim, India 3 Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehra Dun, Pharmaceutics, Dehradun, Saudi Arabia 2
Ficus carica Linn. (Moraceae) is an important traditional medicinal plant commonly known as Fig (Teen in arabic). The pharmacognostic studies of fresh leaf sample and dried power of the leaf were carried out in terms of organoleptic, microscopic, macroscopic and fluorescence analysis. Macroscopic study showed that leaf is