- Email: [email protected]
Inside front cover: Editorial Board
SCIENCE TO SUSTAIN THE WORLD’S FORESTS Aims and Scope Forest Ecology and Management publishes scientific articles linking forest ecology with forest management, focusing on the application of biological, ecological and social knowledge to the management and conservation of plantations and natural forests. The scope of the journal includes all forest ecosystems of the world. A refereeing process ensures the quality and international interest of the manuscripts accepted for publication. The journal encourages communication between scientists in disparate fields who share a common interest in ecology and forest management, bridging the gap between research workers and forest managers.
Tamm Review In 2013, the Journal launched a new type of article: the Tamm Review series. These special reviews are designed to highlight the most important and useful issues that affect the future of forest ecology and management around the world. The review series is named in honor of the Swedish forest ecologist, Carl Olof Tamm. Tamm Reviews are invited by the Journal editors from leaders in the field. About four Tamm Reviews will be published each year, and these special papers will be freely available for a period of one year. Editor-in-Chief Dan Binkley, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; E-mail: [email protected] Editors Mark Adams, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Australian Technology Park, Level 4, Biomedical Building, NSW 2015, Australia, E-mail: [email protected] Todd S. Fredericksen, Environmental Science Program Coordinator, Associate Professor of Forestry and Wildlife, 212 Garber Hall, Ferrum College, Ferrum, VA 24088, USA; E-mail: [email protected] Jean-Paul Laclau, CIRAD – UMR Eco & Sols, 2 place Viala-Baˆt. 12, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France; E-mail: [email protected] Cindy E. Prescott, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2005-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., V6T1Z4 Canada; E-mail: [email protected] Harri Ma¨kinen, Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 18, 01301 Vantaa, Finland; E-mail: [email protected] Founding Editor: L. L. Roche Editorial Advisory Board S. R. Abella, Las Vegas, NV, USA P. M. S. Ashton, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA P. Attiwill, University of Melbourne, Ringwood, VIC, Australia C. L. Beadle, CSIRO, Hobart, TAS, Australia A. Bolte, Thu¨nen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Eberswalde, Germany J.-P. Bouillet, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba (SP), Brazil J. Chen, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA E. N. Chidumayo, United Nations, Lusaka, Zambia C. Cieszewski, Athens, GA, USA J. Cortina Segarra, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain T. J. Dean, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA B. Ewers, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA C. J. Fettig, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA, USA D. Forrester, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany M. E. Harmon, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA H. Hasenauer, Universitat fu¨r Bodenkultur Wien (BOKU), Wien, Austria N. Higuchi, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil R. Jandl, Bundesforschungs- und Ausbildungszentrum fu¨r Wald, Naturgefahren und Landschaft, Wien, Austria D. Kashian, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
R. Keenan, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia P. K. Khanna, Institute of Soil Science and Forest Nutrition, Go¨ttingen, Germany T. E. Kolb, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA J. Kouki, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland K. Ma, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China V. Medjibe´, Chapel Hill, NC, USA J. F. Negro´n, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA J. A. Parrotta, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Arlington, VA, USA A. Pommerening, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea˚, Sweden R. Seidl, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria P. Sist, INRA-CIRAD, Montpellier Cedex 5, France J. A. Stanturf, Center for Forest Disturbance Science, Athens, GA, USA H. Sterba, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria O. J. Sun, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR, China H. Temesgen, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA L. Vesterdal, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark X. Wei, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada D. Weise, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Riverside, CA, USA T. B. Wigley, NCASI, Clemson, SC, USA
IMPRESSUM Publisher: Elsevier B.V. Advertising information: If you are interested in advertising or other commercial opportunities please e-mail: [email protected] and your inquiry will be passed to the correct person who will respond to you within 48 hours. Terms of delivery (2015): Volumes 335–358 are scheduled for publication (each volume consisting of 1 issue). The publisher reserves the right to issue additional volumes during the course of the year. Supplements and/or cumulative indexes are included in the subscription rates. Termination of subscriptions: Subscriptions not entered specifically for one year only will be renewed automatically unless cancelled by September 30. Subscription prices are available upon request from the Publisher or from the Elsevier Customer Service Department nearest you or from this journal’s website (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco). Further information is available on this journal and other Elsevier products through Elsevier’s website (http://www.elsevier.com). Subscriptions are accepted on a prepaid basis only and are entered on a calendar year basis. Issues are sent by standard mail (surface within Europe, air delivery outside Europe). Priority rates are available upon request. Claims for missing issues should be made within six months of the date of dispatch.
Tamm Review In 2013, the Journal launched a new type of article: the Tamm Review series. These special reviews are designed to highlight the most important and useful issues that affect the future of forest ecology and management around the world. The review series is named in honor of the Swedish forest ecologist, Carl Olof Tamm. Tamm Reviews are invited by the Journal editors from leaders in the field. About four Tamm Reviews will be published each year, and these special papers will be freely available for a period of one year. Editor-in-Chief Dan Binkley, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; E-mail: [email protected] Editors Mark Adams, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Australian Technology Park, Level 4, Biomedical Building, NSW 2015, Australia, E-mail: [email protected] Todd S. Fredericksen, Environmental Science Program Coordinator, Associate Professor of Forestry and Wildlife, 212 Garber Hall, Ferrum College, Ferrum, VA 24088, USA; E-mail: [email protected] Jean-Paul Laclau, CIRAD – UMR Eco & Sols, 2 place Viala-Baˆt. 12, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France; E-mail: [email protected] Cindy E. Prescott, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2005-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., V6T1Z4 Canada; E-mail: [email protected] Harri Ma¨kinen, Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 18, 01301 Vantaa, Finland; E-mail: [email protected] Founding Editor: L. L. Roche Editorial Advisory Board S. R. Abella, Las Vegas, NV, USA P. M. S. Ashton, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA P. Attiwill, University of Melbourne, Ringwood, VIC, Australia C. L. Beadle, CSIRO, Hobart, TAS, Australia A. Bolte, Thu¨nen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Eberswalde, Germany J.-P. Bouillet, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba (SP), Brazil J. Chen, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA E. N. Chidumayo, United Nations, Lusaka, Zambia C. Cieszewski, Athens, GA, USA J. Cortina Segarra, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain T. J. Dean, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA B. Ewers, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA C. J. Fettig, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA, USA D. Forrester, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany M. E. Harmon, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA H. Hasenauer, Universitat fu¨r Bodenkultur Wien (BOKU), Wien, Austria N. Higuchi, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil R. Jandl, Bundesforschungs- und Ausbildungszentrum fu¨r Wald, Naturgefahren und Landschaft, Wien, Austria D. Kashian, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
R. Keenan, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia P. K. Khanna, Institute of Soil Science and Forest Nutrition, Go¨ttingen, Germany T. E. Kolb, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA J. Kouki, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland K. Ma, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China V. Medjibe´, Chapel Hill, NC, USA J. F. Negro´n, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA J. A. Parrotta, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Arlington, VA, USA A. Pommerening, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea˚, Sweden R. Seidl, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria P. Sist, INRA-CIRAD, Montpellier Cedex 5, France J. A. Stanturf, Center for Forest Disturbance Science, Athens, GA, USA H. Sterba, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria O. J. Sun, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR, China H. Temesgen, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA L. Vesterdal, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark X. Wei, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada D. Weise, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service, Riverside, CA, USA T. B. Wigley, NCASI, Clemson, SC, USA
IMPRESSUM Publisher: Elsevier B.V. Advertising information: If you are interested in advertising or other commercial opportunities please e-mail: [email protected] and your inquiry will be passed to the correct person who will respond to you within 48 hours. Terms of delivery (2015): Volumes 335–358 are scheduled for publication (each volume consisting of 1 issue). The publisher reserves the right to issue additional volumes during the course of the year. Supplements and/or cumulative indexes are included in the subscription rates. Termination of subscriptions: Subscriptions not entered specifically for one year only will be renewed automatically unless cancelled by September 30. Subscription prices are available upon request from the Publisher or from the Elsevier Customer Service Department nearest you or from this journal’s website (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco). Further information is available on this journal and other Elsevier products through Elsevier’s website (http://www.elsevier.com). Subscriptions are accepted on a prepaid basis only and are entered on a calendar year basis. Issues are sent by standard mail (surface within Europe, air delivery outside Europe). Priority rates are available upon request. Claims for missing issues should be made within six months of the date of dispatch.