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Interior space in heavy-duty truck cabs
development of appropriate software and human factors. A touch screen was compared with an intelligent keypad in an experiment in which CEGB personnel controlled simulated plant. Users preferred the touch screen in normal conditions and particularly for emergency working. Also, a statistically significant improvement in plant controllability was recorded when the touch screen was used in place of the keypad. Touch screens are seen to possess many advantages over conventional man-machine interfaces. Their use is shown to be appropriate in applications such as alarm analysis, data and mimic selection and interactive graphics as well as for controlling plant.
recent. The universal product coding used in supermarkets and department stores is the first example of its application, and application in other areas seems to be increasing. Bar code scanning as an information entry method can be highly accurate and complementary to traditional keyboard, tablet and optical character recognition input techniques. In this paper, the various bar codes, their design principles and the technical issues involved in determining their applicability are discussed along with a comparison with other input technologies. The general applications of bar code scanning and its use with the Chinese language are also explored.
Controls
Beaton, R.J., Schulze, L.J.H., and Snyder, H.L.
15.4.25 (86918)
Touch entry devices and human performance. Part I: Quantifying the display quality. In: 1983 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, Edited by L. Winner. Lewis Winner, Coral Gables, Florida, USA, 1983, pp 1 6 2 - 1 6 3 .
Dale, H.C.A., and Crawshaw, C.M. The ergonomics of electric storage heater controls. Building Services
Engineering Research & Technology, 1983, 4.2, 6 7 - 7 0 . Although storage heaters are simple from the engineering point of view, they present problem~ to untutored operators. Two things have to be controlled: the amount of energy stored, and its subsequent emission. The first depends upon future energy requirements which are difficult to predict. Since no units available on the market display the state of the store the operator also finds it difficult to control emission sensibly. Designers' attempts to simplify tend to confuse. 15.4.26 (86919)
Allison, D. Ergonomic search for the right handle. Australian Safety News, 1983, 54.3, 28-35. The handle of a tool or appliance is the interface between the user and the tool. The ergonomics shortcomings of screwdrivers, pliers and scissors are examined and the advantages of redesigned models discussed. A plea is made for the adoption of ergonomics features to minimise trauma to the hand in industry.
Computer interfaces 15.4.27 (86923) Chang, I.F., Chu, S.J., and Liu, S.T. Bar code scanning information entry technology and application. Displays Technology Applications, 1983, 4.3, 140-146. Bar code representation has existed since the early days of computer development, but its application in information entry is comparatively
15.4.28 (86929)
This paper describes a methodology for determining the display quality of CRT-TED (Touch Entry Device) systems. The results suggest that the TEDs examined degraded resolution by lowering overall modulation and by introducing luminance flare. Also, the TEDs tended to reduce display noise by limiting the range of luminance variations. 15.4.29 (86931)
Schulze, L.J.H., Beaton, R.J., and Snyder, H.L. Touch entry devices and human performance. Part II: Assessing operator performance. In: 1983 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, Edited by L. Winner. Lewis Winner, Coral Gables, Florida, USA, 1983, pp 1 6 4 - 1 6 5 .
on such a chord keyboard was done with three young adults with very little typing experience. They trained for 45 h during three weeks; then, after a five-week break, they trained for another 15 h during one week. Their performance in terms of keying speed was better, though not much, than may be expected for a comparable training period on a QWERTY keyboard. It is possible that the ultimate performance of accomplished typists on a chord keyboard is superior to that on QWERTY. A chord keyboard such as the one investigated appears not to be well suited to casual users, because (i) the principle of chord keying presents an initial barrier in learning to operate it, and (ii) after a period of nontyping, it takes a while before the way of producing all letters and syllables is remembered again. 15.4.31 (86926)
Kroon, J.N. The Typophone. IPO Annual Progress Report 17 1982. Institute for Perception Research, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 1982, pp 1 5 0 - 1 5 5 . An experimental talking typewriter has been evaluated by a large number of visually impaired typists, novice and experienced. The speech feedback proves to be very useful in typing courses, since the pupil can use it as a continuously present and indefatigable supervisor. On the basis of the evaluation results the authors have drafted a number of requirements which a talking typewriter should meet in practical use. A prototype device, suitable for industrial production, and meeting said requirements has been designed and built: The Typophone.
Workplace layout and equipment design 15.4.32 (86945)
Takato, M., Matsumoto, K., and Hakozaki, T.
Keyboards
Interior space in heavy-duty truck cabs.
15.4.30 (86924)
International Journal of Vehicle Design,
Barbonis, P.A., and Van Nes, F.L.
1983, 4.4, 4 3 0 - 4 4 1 .
Learning to type on a chord keyboard. IPO Annual Progress Report 17 1982. Institute for Perception Research, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 1982, pp 141-147.
Heavy-duty trucks are often required to incorporate in their cabs sufficient sleeping space to enable the crew to take a rest during long hours of driving. In addition, space must be provided for the driver to move freely inside the cab from his seat to the bed. The cab of a heavy-duty truck must have a spacious area for the crew's comfort and convenience. With a view to improving the comfort of this particular area, the authors have analysed the movements of the driver inside the cab based on a survey of trucks operating on the road.
Conventional QWERTY keyboards typically require a long training period before reasonable proficiency can be acquired. Among the many attempts which have been made to improve this keyboard, chord keyboards form a special group featuring simultaneous depression of several keys to form a letter or syllable. A learning experiment
Applied Ergonomics December 1984
309
recent. The universal product coding used in supermarkets and department stores is the first example of its application, and application in other areas seems to be increasing. Bar code scanning as an information entry method can be highly accurate and complementary to traditional keyboard, tablet and optical character recognition input techniques. In this paper, the various bar codes, their design principles and the technical issues involved in determining their applicability are discussed along with a comparison with other input technologies. The general applications of bar code scanning and its use with the Chinese language are also explored.
Controls
Beaton, R.J., Schulze, L.J.H., and Snyder, H.L.
15.4.25 (86918)
Touch entry devices and human performance. Part I: Quantifying the display quality. In: 1983 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, Edited by L. Winner. Lewis Winner, Coral Gables, Florida, USA, 1983, pp 1 6 2 - 1 6 3 .
Dale, H.C.A., and Crawshaw, C.M. The ergonomics of electric storage heater controls. Building Services
Engineering Research & Technology, 1983, 4.2, 6 7 - 7 0 . Although storage heaters are simple from the engineering point of view, they present problem~ to untutored operators. Two things have to be controlled: the amount of energy stored, and its subsequent emission. The first depends upon future energy requirements which are difficult to predict. Since no units available on the market display the state of the store the operator also finds it difficult to control emission sensibly. Designers' attempts to simplify tend to confuse. 15.4.26 (86919)
Allison, D. Ergonomic search for the right handle. Australian Safety News, 1983, 54.3, 28-35. The handle of a tool or appliance is the interface between the user and the tool. The ergonomics shortcomings of screwdrivers, pliers and scissors are examined and the advantages of redesigned models discussed. A plea is made for the adoption of ergonomics features to minimise trauma to the hand in industry.
Computer interfaces 15.4.27 (86923) Chang, I.F., Chu, S.J., and Liu, S.T. Bar code scanning information entry technology and application. Displays Technology Applications, 1983, 4.3, 140-146. Bar code representation has existed since the early days of computer development, but its application in information entry is comparatively
15.4.28 (86929)
This paper describes a methodology for determining the display quality of CRT-TED (Touch Entry Device) systems. The results suggest that the TEDs examined degraded resolution by lowering overall modulation and by introducing luminance flare. Also, the TEDs tended to reduce display noise by limiting the range of luminance variations. 15.4.29 (86931)
Schulze, L.J.H., Beaton, R.J., and Snyder, H.L. Touch entry devices and human performance. Part II: Assessing operator performance. In: 1983 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, Edited by L. Winner. Lewis Winner, Coral Gables, Florida, USA, 1983, pp 1 6 4 - 1 6 5 .
on such a chord keyboard was done with three young adults with very little typing experience. They trained for 45 h during three weeks; then, after a five-week break, they trained for another 15 h during one week. Their performance in terms of keying speed was better, though not much, than may be expected for a comparable training period on a QWERTY keyboard. It is possible that the ultimate performance of accomplished typists on a chord keyboard is superior to that on QWERTY. A chord keyboard such as the one investigated appears not to be well suited to casual users, because (i) the principle of chord keying presents an initial barrier in learning to operate it, and (ii) after a period of nontyping, it takes a while before the way of producing all letters and syllables is remembered again. 15.4.31 (86926)
Kroon, J.N. The Typophone. IPO Annual Progress Report 17 1982. Institute for Perception Research, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 1982, pp 1 5 0 - 1 5 5 . An experimental talking typewriter has been evaluated by a large number of visually impaired typists, novice and experienced. The speech feedback proves to be very useful in typing courses, since the pupil can use it as a continuously present and indefatigable supervisor. On the basis of the evaluation results the authors have drafted a number of requirements which a talking typewriter should meet in practical use. A prototype device, suitable for industrial production, and meeting said requirements has been designed and built: The Typophone.
Workplace layout and equipment design 15.4.32 (86945)
Takato, M., Matsumoto, K., and Hakozaki, T.
Keyboards
Interior space in heavy-duty truck cabs.
15.4.30 (86924)
International Journal of Vehicle Design,
Barbonis, P.A., and Van Nes, F.L.
1983, 4.4, 4 3 0 - 4 4 1 .
Learning to type on a chord keyboard. IPO Annual Progress Report 17 1982. Institute for Perception Research, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 1982, pp 141-147.
Heavy-duty trucks are often required to incorporate in their cabs sufficient sleeping space to enable the crew to take a rest during long hours of driving. In addition, space must be provided for the driver to move freely inside the cab from his seat to the bed. The cab of a heavy-duty truck must have a spacious area for the crew's comfort and convenience. With a view to improving the comfort of this particular area, the authors have analysed the movements of the driver inside the cab based on a survey of trucks operating on the road.
Conventional QWERTY keyboards typically require a long training period before reasonable proficiency can be acquired. Among the many attempts which have been made to improve this keyboard, chord keyboards form a special group featuring simultaneous depression of several keys to form a letter or syllable. A learning experiment
Applied Ergonomics December 1984
309