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International problems
PUBLICATIONS
Publications received at Plymouth The following publications relating to oil pollution of the sea have been received by the Librarian of the Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, UK. Cowell, E . B . (1970) Some biological effects of oil pollution 'Your Environment', 1 : 84, 93, 94. Kiihnhold, W.W. (1969) Effect of water soluble substances of crude oil on eggs and larvae of cod and herring 'International Council for the Exploration of the Sea: Fisheries Improvement C o m m i t t e e ' CM 1969/E 1 7 : 1-11. Liberia, Republic of: Board of Investigation (1967) 'Re p o rt of the Board of Investigation in the matter of the stranding of the SS Torrey Canyon on March 18, 1967' Monrovia. Zahner, R. (1962) Ober die Wirkung von Treibstoffen und Olen auf Regenbogenforellen. (Effects of m o t or fuels and oils on rainbow trout); translated from the German. Fisheries Res. Bd Can. Translation Series No. 1025. (from: ' V o m Wasser. Ein J a h r b u c h flir Wasserchemie und Wasserreinigunstechnik' 29 : 142-177. Weinheim, Verlag Chemie.).
CONFERENCES
International Problems Part of the fifth International Conference on Water Pollution Research, held in San Francisco, California on 26 J u l y - I August, was devoted to problems of lakes, estuaries and coastal regions, and about half of the thirtyfour presentations were concerned with difficulties in estuaries and the sea. Several presentations described the use of mathematical models being developed to define and predict pollution conditions and cha=nges in these environments. There were two descriptions o f mathematical models used to determine the degree of treatment to be given to wastewater and the location of outfalls for treatment plants in New York City's Jamaica Bay area. Experimental simulation has been used to predict changes in the water quality and biota of the bay. There was an account o f a multi-component model to describe nitrogen and algal cycles in an estuarine system. In a cost benefit study made in cleaning San Diego Bay, California, a mathematical model was devised to determine the monetary benefits to be obtained in terms of increases in land value and income derived from greater use of the
bay. A model was also used to select the types of treatment to be given to wastewater before discharge into the bay to maintain a certain water quality. A mathematical model has been developed at the Delft Hydraulic Laboratory in the Netherlands to describe the flow of round buoyant jets issuing vertically into the ambient fluid flowing in a horizontal direction. There was also an account of models used to express the water quality of a lake before and during eutrophication. Changes in water quality after pollution of the lake has ceased were also expressed. There was also a model for determining the best way to reverse eutrophication. The use of a model to predict nitrogen and phosphorous regeneration from decaying algae was described, as well as the use of a computer to evaluate a large accumulation of complex data obtained in a limnological investigation of Onondaga Lake in the State of New York. Plotted computer output has proved to be the most effective method of representing this data, and the results have been used to give the trophic condition of the lake on which to base the engineering conditions for pollution abatement. Several contributions dealt with tracer techniques and water quality criteria, including a description of the use of a relative toxicity term - volume of waste flow per median tolerance limit -- as a gross toxicity criterion in San Francisco Bay. Specific benthic organisms and fish (sticklebacks) were used as test organisms, and a species diversity index was also used as a criterion. A Canadian investigator reported the tracing of coastal entrapped spent cooling water from a nuclear power station on the north shore of Lake Huron. Another investigator described the used of activable rare earth elements in tracing the plume of a wastewater discharged in an estuary. The kinetics of' reactions in aqueous and natural water s y s t e m s were discussed by several contributors. For example, there was the use of a continuous flow turbidostat to determine the rate of algal growth in respect of the content of nitrate nitrogen. Others described the phosphate exchange with lake sediments, the hydrolysis kinetics of condensed phosphates in distilled water, natural water systems and sewage effluents and the kinetics of sulphide oxidation by atmospheric and/or dissolved oxygen. Very complicated kinetic relationships are involved in this reaction. College of Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163 USA
Ervin Hindin
143
Publications received at Plymouth The following publications relating to oil pollution of the sea have been received by the Librarian of the Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, UK. Cowell, E . B . (1970) Some biological effects of oil pollution 'Your Environment', 1 : 84, 93, 94. Kiihnhold, W.W. (1969) Effect of water soluble substances of crude oil on eggs and larvae of cod and herring 'International Council for the Exploration of the Sea: Fisheries Improvement C o m m i t t e e ' CM 1969/E 1 7 : 1-11. Liberia, Republic of: Board of Investigation (1967) 'Re p o rt of the Board of Investigation in the matter of the stranding of the SS Torrey Canyon on March 18, 1967' Monrovia. Zahner, R. (1962) Ober die Wirkung von Treibstoffen und Olen auf Regenbogenforellen. (Effects of m o t or fuels and oils on rainbow trout); translated from the German. Fisheries Res. Bd Can. Translation Series No. 1025. (from: ' V o m Wasser. Ein J a h r b u c h flir Wasserchemie und Wasserreinigunstechnik' 29 : 142-177. Weinheim, Verlag Chemie.).
CONFERENCES
International Problems Part of the fifth International Conference on Water Pollution Research, held in San Francisco, California on 26 J u l y - I August, was devoted to problems of lakes, estuaries and coastal regions, and about half of the thirtyfour presentations were concerned with difficulties in estuaries and the sea. Several presentations described the use of mathematical models being developed to define and predict pollution conditions and cha=nges in these environments. There were two descriptions o f mathematical models used to determine the degree of treatment to be given to wastewater and the location of outfalls for treatment plants in New York City's Jamaica Bay area. Experimental simulation has been used to predict changes in the water quality and biota of the bay. There was an account o f a multi-component model to describe nitrogen and algal cycles in an estuarine system. In a cost benefit study made in cleaning San Diego Bay, California, a mathematical model was devised to determine the monetary benefits to be obtained in terms of increases in land value and income derived from greater use of the
bay. A model was also used to select the types of treatment to be given to wastewater before discharge into the bay to maintain a certain water quality. A mathematical model has been developed at the Delft Hydraulic Laboratory in the Netherlands to describe the flow of round buoyant jets issuing vertically into the ambient fluid flowing in a horizontal direction. There was also an account of models used to express the water quality of a lake before and during eutrophication. Changes in water quality after pollution of the lake has ceased were also expressed. There was also a model for determining the best way to reverse eutrophication. The use of a model to predict nitrogen and phosphorous regeneration from decaying algae was described, as well as the use of a computer to evaluate a large accumulation of complex data obtained in a limnological investigation of Onondaga Lake in the State of New York. Plotted computer output has proved to be the most effective method of representing this data, and the results have been used to give the trophic condition of the lake on which to base the engineering conditions for pollution abatement. Several contributions dealt with tracer techniques and water quality criteria, including a description of the use of a relative toxicity term - volume of waste flow per median tolerance limit -- as a gross toxicity criterion in San Francisco Bay. Specific benthic organisms and fish (sticklebacks) were used as test organisms, and a species diversity index was also used as a criterion. A Canadian investigator reported the tracing of coastal entrapped spent cooling water from a nuclear power station on the north shore of Lake Huron. Another investigator described the used of activable rare earth elements in tracing the plume of a wastewater discharged in an estuary. The kinetics of' reactions in aqueous and natural water s y s t e m s were discussed by several contributors. For example, there was the use of a continuous flow turbidostat to determine the rate of algal growth in respect of the content of nitrate nitrogen. Others described the phosphate exchange with lake sediments, the hydrolysis kinetics of condensed phosphates in distilled water, natural water systems and sewage effluents and the kinetics of sulphide oxidation by atmospheric and/or dissolved oxygen. Very complicated kinetic relationships are involved in this reaction. College of Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163 USA
Ervin Hindin
143