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INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS OF WAR DISABLEMENT.
494 shows the curious distribution of language over which the visitor is apt to be more sensitive than the native, Most Swiss are polyglot, but in all the cantons there is a considerable proportion of those who speak the low German dialect left by the Alemanni ; Italianspeaking is confined exclusively to the two cantons of Ticino and the Grisons, while Romansch still comes naturally to some 40,000 inhabitants of the Grisons descended from an islet of Roman soldiers marooned in the high valleys. Burgundian French is the language on and around the Lake of Geneva. Baedeker,. fortunately, is written in perfect English. REALITY IN THE MARRIAGE SERVICE. FOR a long time past many people have felt hesitation in regard to the treatment of marital relations contained in the preamble to the Church of England form of solemnisation ot matrimony, and we are glad to note that, in the form adopted for use at the recent Royal Wedding the phraseology was altered to bring it more into accordance with present-day sexual ethics. We set out in parallel columns the form as printed in the Book of Common Prayer and that adopted by the Dean of Westminster at the marriage service. 07. New. First, it was ordained for First, it was ordained for the procreation of children, to the increase of mankind be brought up in the fear and nurture of the Lord, and to the praise of His Holy Name.
Secondly, it was ordained a remedy against sin, and
for
avoid fornication ; that such persons as have not the gift of continency might marry, and keep themselves undefiled members of Christ’s to
according to the will of God that children might be brought up in the fear and nurture of the Lord, and to the praise of His Holy Name. Secondly, it was ordained and
in order that the natural instincts and affections, implanted by God, should be hallowed and controlled; that those who are not called of God to remain unmarried should live chastely in matris mony and thus in holiness and pureness of living mankind should dwell together in families. Thirdly, it was ordained forr the mutual society, help, andi comfort, that the one ought to have of the other, both in1 prosperity and adversity.
to show the progress rnade in the manufacture and of artificial limbs; another subject of discussion will be the administrative systematisation of prosthesis and orthopaedics, to be considered from two points of view-first, a comparative study will be made of existing organisations and results in the various countries, and secondly, the future of the supply of limbs will be considered. The experts will be asked whether they think it desirable to maintain the supply organisations permanently, in collaboration with insurance societies and hospitals, for the benefit of men disabled in industry, and if so, in what form they should remain. Another question before the meeting is the organisation of medical treatment for disabled men-a question also to be dealt with by a comparative study of the existing national systems. Here again the Committee will discuss the methods by which men disabled in industry may receive the same benefits as men disabled in the war, and by which present legislation concerning industrial accidents can be modified to allow a permanent right to medical treatment for injured persons. Special consideration is being given to the position of disabled men living outside their own countries ; reciprocal agreements for cases of this kind have been concluded by Great Britain and the Dominions, by Canada and the United States, and by Germany and Austria. The Committee is considering the possibility of wider adoption of agreements of this kind, and the practicability of securing a convention laying down fundamental principles for international protection of men disabled in the war. use
THE
ENERGY DISCHARGE OF THE HUMAN ORGANISM.
WE have been taught by the American School of and others-that a man of Physiology-Benedict body. average weight gives off at rest something like 1 kilocalorie (or 425 kilogrammetres) of energy per kilogramme of his body-weight per hour. During muscular work he gives off four or five or more times as much. Thirdly, it was ordained for the mutual society, help, and One method of measuring it is by determination of the comfort, that the one ought rate of oxygen consumption. Dr. A. D. Waller claims to have of the other, both in ) that the variations of CO2 output with variations of prosperity and adversity. The change, which although not legalised has respiratory quotient are small enough to be negligible received the approval of Convocation, is welcome without involving any serious error. The majority of evidence of the spread of reality of thought on sex physiologists do not agree with this and consider it matters among all classes of the community. To allI necessary also to measure the oxygen direct. Dr. who have been brought up with a full knowledge ofE Waller’s simple method of measuring the energy the place of sex in human economy it must seem aemission of the human machine by the rate of CO 2 l production has accordingly not been regarded with sordid view to speak of marriage as being ordained much favour, except in Trance, where his contention the a for remedy against sin ; nevertheless, hallowing that the shorter method involves (according to his : and control of the natural instincts and affections is ; an error of only ±5 per cent. is admitted an object which will command the loyal support ofstatement) and his claim that the method is valuable some, by the medical profession. j the rapid approximate estimation of human energy for expenditure is being submitted to trial. Dr. Boigey, the medical officer in charge of the military gymnastic INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS OF WAR school at Joinville, has applied the short method to DISABLEMENT. various kinds of physical exercise, marching, running. and clinically to cases of pyrexia. He THE International Committee of Experts set up by boxing, &c., for finds--e.g., marching at a speed of 1-42 metres per the International Labour Office of the League of Nations to consider some of the problems of war second an expenditure of C0s==12’8 c.cm. subtracting disablement met in Geneva on March 2nd. Among from this gross value 3-32 c.cm. per sec. as the resting 71 kilogramme the members of the Committee are Major J. B. Cohen, or basal value, gives 9-48 c.cm. for his treasurer of the British Dr. of M.P., Meier, Legion ; subject-i.e., a net cost at this speed = 1.42 X71c.cm. the German Labour Department; Dr. Foth, reprehorizontal kilogrammetre-i.e., 0.094 c.cm.-a senting the disabled ex-Service men of Germany ; per Dr. Brandeisz, representing Austrian disabled men ; value not very divergent from that assigned by Waller Dr. Ripert, consulting physician to the military and De Decker to the actual route-marching of Belgian fitting centre of the Paris district; Mr. Cassin, Vice- recruits-viz., 0-1 c.cm. per horizontal kilogrammetre.1 President of the Union of French Disabled Men’s Dr. Boigey’s results on subjects of pyrexia are remarkAssociations ; Prof. Levi, representing Italy; Dr. able. His gross values for the resting metabolism Mammalella, President of the Italian Association of of such subjects are remarkably high-e.g., 24 and ] 7 c.cm. CO2 per sec. in two cases-i.e., according to Discharged and Disabled Men ; and Dr. Kikiewicz, Dr. Waller’s formula a resting metabolism of approxiThe of the of Poland. Health Section League of -
,
r
.
.—..c.cm.
Nations, the Red Cross organisations, and the InterAllied Committee of Disabled Men were also represented at the meeting. The intention is to discuss the organisation of an international prosthetic exhibition,
matelv 480 and 340 kilocalories
Der
hour. values that
1 Bulletin de l’Académie Royale de Belgique, December, 1920, La dépense physiologique mesurée chez le soldat en marche de route.
Secondly, it was ordained a remedy against sin, and
for
avoid fornication ; that such persons as have not the gift of continency might marry, and keep themselves undefiled members of Christ’s to
according to the will of God that children might be brought up in the fear and nurture of the Lord, and to the praise of His Holy Name. Secondly, it was ordained and
in order that the natural instincts and affections, implanted by God, should be hallowed and controlled; that those who are not called of God to remain unmarried should live chastely in matris mony and thus in holiness and pureness of living mankind should dwell together in families. Thirdly, it was ordained forr the mutual society, help, andi comfort, that the one ought to have of the other, both in1 prosperity and adversity.
to show the progress rnade in the manufacture and of artificial limbs; another subject of discussion will be the administrative systematisation of prosthesis and orthopaedics, to be considered from two points of view-first, a comparative study will be made of existing organisations and results in the various countries, and secondly, the future of the supply of limbs will be considered. The experts will be asked whether they think it desirable to maintain the supply organisations permanently, in collaboration with insurance societies and hospitals, for the benefit of men disabled in industry, and if so, in what form they should remain. Another question before the meeting is the organisation of medical treatment for disabled men-a question also to be dealt with by a comparative study of the existing national systems. Here again the Committee will discuss the methods by which men disabled in industry may receive the same benefits as men disabled in the war, and by which present legislation concerning industrial accidents can be modified to allow a permanent right to medical treatment for injured persons. Special consideration is being given to the position of disabled men living outside their own countries ; reciprocal agreements for cases of this kind have been concluded by Great Britain and the Dominions, by Canada and the United States, and by Germany and Austria. The Committee is considering the possibility of wider adoption of agreements of this kind, and the practicability of securing a convention laying down fundamental principles for international protection of men disabled in the war. use
THE
ENERGY DISCHARGE OF THE HUMAN ORGANISM.
WE have been taught by the American School of and others-that a man of Physiology-Benedict body. average weight gives off at rest something like 1 kilocalorie (or 425 kilogrammetres) of energy per kilogramme of his body-weight per hour. During muscular work he gives off four or five or more times as much. Thirdly, it was ordained for the mutual society, help, and One method of measuring it is by determination of the comfort, that the one ought rate of oxygen consumption. Dr. A. D. Waller claims to have of the other, both in ) that the variations of CO2 output with variations of prosperity and adversity. The change, which although not legalised has respiratory quotient are small enough to be negligible received the approval of Convocation, is welcome without involving any serious error. The majority of evidence of the spread of reality of thought on sex physiologists do not agree with this and consider it matters among all classes of the community. To allI necessary also to measure the oxygen direct. Dr. who have been brought up with a full knowledge ofE Waller’s simple method of measuring the energy the place of sex in human economy it must seem aemission of the human machine by the rate of CO 2 l production has accordingly not been regarded with sordid view to speak of marriage as being ordained much favour, except in Trance, where his contention the a for remedy against sin ; nevertheless, hallowing that the shorter method involves (according to his : and control of the natural instincts and affections is ; an error of only ±5 per cent. is admitted an object which will command the loyal support ofstatement) and his claim that the method is valuable some, by the medical profession. j the rapid approximate estimation of human energy for expenditure is being submitted to trial. Dr. Boigey, the medical officer in charge of the military gymnastic INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS OF WAR school at Joinville, has applied the short method to DISABLEMENT. various kinds of physical exercise, marching, running. and clinically to cases of pyrexia. He THE International Committee of Experts set up by boxing, &c., for finds--e.g., marching at a speed of 1-42 metres per the International Labour Office of the League of Nations to consider some of the problems of war second an expenditure of C0s==12’8 c.cm. subtracting disablement met in Geneva on March 2nd. Among from this gross value 3-32 c.cm. per sec. as the resting 71 kilogramme the members of the Committee are Major J. B. Cohen, or basal value, gives 9-48 c.cm. for his treasurer of the British Dr. of M.P., Meier, Legion ; subject-i.e., a net cost at this speed = 1.42 X71c.cm. the German Labour Department; Dr. Foth, reprehorizontal kilogrammetre-i.e., 0.094 c.cm.-a senting the disabled ex-Service men of Germany ; per Dr. Brandeisz, representing Austrian disabled men ; value not very divergent from that assigned by Waller Dr. Ripert, consulting physician to the military and De Decker to the actual route-marching of Belgian fitting centre of the Paris district; Mr. Cassin, Vice- recruits-viz., 0-1 c.cm. per horizontal kilogrammetre.1 President of the Union of French Disabled Men’s Dr. Boigey’s results on subjects of pyrexia are remarkAssociations ; Prof. Levi, representing Italy; Dr. able. His gross values for the resting metabolism Mammalella, President of the Italian Association of of such subjects are remarkably high-e.g., 24 and ] 7 c.cm. CO2 per sec. in two cases-i.e., according to Discharged and Disabled Men ; and Dr. Kikiewicz, Dr. Waller’s formula a resting metabolism of approxiThe of the of Poland. Health Section League of -
,
r
.
.—..c.cm.
Nations, the Red Cross organisations, and the InterAllied Committee of Disabled Men were also represented at the meeting. The intention is to discuss the organisation of an international prosthetic exhibition,
matelv 480 and 340 kilocalories
Der
hour. values that
1 Bulletin de l’Académie Royale de Belgique, December, 1920, La dépense physiologique mesurée chez le soldat en marche de route.