International Reference Organization in Forensic Medicine and Sciences

Forensic Science International, 24 (1984) 225-237 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd.

IN FCMENQC MEDIQNE General

225

AND SCIENCES

aspects

Clinical Forensic Medicine includes those cases where medical expertise is called upon to provide information for documentation and later presentation in legal matters which may concern both criminal and civil cases. It may be performed by private as well as governmental based experts in LegaI or Forensic Medicine. This specialty has long been active and well organized in Europe, South America and in some Asian Countries, In general it consists of the examination or management of living cases involved in a broad spectrum of problems. The acute casts include overdose or poisoning, questions of police brutality or torture, evakration of sever&y of injuries in transport accidents, questions of psychiatric patient commitment, investigation of drunk driving, blood testing of amnesia victims after accident, investigation of sexual assault-rap,0 victims, brutality to animals. The chronic or less hurried examinations include paternity studies, questions of incest, evaluation of disability and compens victims of accidents or assaults, occupational hazards, product ha or therapeutic misadventures and malpractice, identification of imm isona in food or logical or psychiatric evaluation-5 involved in c activity including the psycholo ion of a specific act of crime as to whether the accused was insane une of the crime or if the assailant had not been apprehended, the evaluation of the crime from the standpoint of what kind of p could Rave done the deed. This would provide ion of an unsolved crime. There a very helpful support to the police inv o is suspected of self injury or may also be an evalu&ion of a person mutilation as well as a malingerer or i d case. The practice In most countries to perform scientific activity of their resp of Legal Medicine in responsibility of exam involving living persons 0379-0738/84/$03.00 o 1984 Elsevier Scientific PubIishem bland

the icol

Ltd.

ny clinic or foxed

s S

called upon to handle any case which is presented to him or her. After the examination there will be a report which is park of the information on the case wh& is accumulated for the final examination and decision of the legal authorit;ies. In this way a very well controlled accumulation of information is also available which is so helpful in presentations and studies of specific problems which may be carried out by current or future scientists working in these Institutes. Thus a large series on paternity testing may be oresented from the stAndpoint of serological testing and inteTretation zis well as genetic aqxcts. These Institutes may have elaborate facilities. Thr. Institute of Legal Medit:ine of the University of Rome has a 60 bed hosp,tal which provides 22 important approach to the proper study and evaluatio!1 of those cases which have been admitted for evaluatiofl of injuries primzily from traffic or occupational accidental injuries. This caIls for experts :n orthopedics, neurology, gynecology, internal medicine, psychiatry a.ld other specialities. In the United States such evaluations are done primarily by private pract.itioners who are requested to examine and evaluzle these patiects by an insurance company or an attorney for the plaintif? or the defense. The serological testing for paternity in the United States is ordered by the courts and paid for by them or privately and is done by private laboratories, some of whom may not be experienced in the ramifications of the problems of theqe intricate cases. In England, W&s, Northern Ireland and Scotland as well as other commonwealth countries the clinical forensic medicine is carried out by physicians in the service of the police primarily as contract doctors who do drunk driving analysis of individuals and order testing, examine sexual assault and incest victims, injuries to prisoners and examine psychiatric cases to evaluate their need for commitment. There may also be need for dental expertise in an occasional ease where there is more infc:rmation required to identify an injured person or immigrant .who may try to enter the country illegally. They are also interested in tl-ne mechanisms of injury so thay might be helpful in an investigation by the police where there is a question as to the weapon used or the method used in producing specific types of external injury. The overdosed or unconscious victim taken into custody may have to be examined by the police surgeon to determine the condition as to its severity and proper disposition. The organizations which deal with this specialty of clinical forensic medicine include the Association of Police Surgeons of Great Britian, the Netherlands Police Surgeons Association which is a very enthusiastic group led by many outstanding members including Dr Barend Cohen PO Box 21, 2800 AA Gouda, and which COsponsor a Cross Channel Conference on Forensic Medicine. The Association of Australasian and Pacific Area Police Medical Officers is active as a group for their area of the world. The Secretary is Dr Peter Bush Police Surgeon’s Office, Police Offices, 376 Russell St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000 Australia. The President is Dr W.J. ‘Ikeadwell of Wellington, New Zealand, It ho!,& periodic meetings and is very active in its obj&ives of dissemination of

227

information and upgrading the state of the art of this specialty. In the I nited States the closest which we have for comparison in clinical applications of forensic medicine on a formal basis is the activities tif the coroners of the par&es of the State of Louisiana. The coroners are involved in sexual assault investigation, the coroners of Louisiana must be physicians by law as it is in other states including Kanms, and they are responsible for examining prisoners who are ill or injureci as well as handling questions of child abuse and other injuries which may he factitious or related to unusual cause. They had in the past been responsible for psychiatric evaluation of patients prior to commitments. In the Spanish speaking world in Spain and South American countries as well as the Portugese speaking countries there are comparable physicians known as Medicos Forenses. They are responsible for the evaluation of similar cases as those we have indicated under the police surgeons and in addition they may examine accident victims brought to government hospitals shortly after they are admitLed. This provides a very important approach to the problems of- injuries and their severity which will also facilitate the more rapid evaluation and future question of residual damages of the victim and lead to a more accurate settlement or compensation of t.he injured person. This system is highly developed and well run in MeAu.o, Venezuela and Brazil which I can attest by personal viewing as there is well inte&Tated education::1 coverage of these areas and a definite prsctice potential for young physicians entering these areas of practice in government medicine. Future net-2s It would t)e rather optimistic to hope for improvements in this zrea all over the \vcrorld but it is important that there develop a more systematic approach to the collection of documented information regarding IlevJ areas wht:re this specialty of clinical forensic medicine can develop. In America for instance we do not have the more formal standards which are available and which are practiced in Europe where as I have said there is available documentation of an injury case for example often from the very early time in the case. This offers a very complete evaluation of the case and a better understandin,: of the disability with the result that there is a better and more accurate dei:ision which affects the final determination of the compensation offered In the final settlement. One area in which there is a definite need is the proper eva!uation of hazards which are often presented in a biased way by the news media through their own investigative teams as well as the investigation of pressure groups who may slant their investigation to prove their points. This has no% been helped by the premature release of scientific information from leading of us that the scientific periodicals before publication. It is abhors uttered about first statement or words, regardless of their veracity, wh A controversial matter, especzially if they

228

publicity and the response which may have the most accuracy may receive little attention. It seems that the news media fan the flames to keep contraversy before t,he public. Such words 8s might, maybe, could, may, possibly may, cause cancer in animals or even the optimistic words bmakthrough, advance, cure dangled before the public by the news media offer false hopes as well as baseiess claims for magic curf2sbefore there is active scientific study or verification. It is my pint then, that Medicine and Science must come forward to emphasize that they are the only disciplines which are available to provide the support fox the proper evaluation of sensational claims or charges which effect environmental and health areas in our daily life. By the same token it is mandatory that the reporting of hazards to the public continue to be a routine part of the physicians and scientist’s role in support of the health of the community as long as it is done through proper channels. Very often practitioners of Forensic Medicine whether they are involved in clinical or pathologic areas of this field are the first to come across hazards which are related to defective appliances, vehicles or commercial products. This was the case with Dr Helpem’s investigation of deaths related to defects in gas refrigerators and Dr Larson’s detection of the various abnormalities in trout related to contents of food, and with the investigation in Belgium of the tiragic mistake of digitalis preparations instead of estrogens in the medication of Prostatic cancer victims. The applications of epidemiological technics very often must be undertaken to study a large series of cases and should become a familiar tool for the Forensic practitioner. Although there are some of us who have become involved with studies it is imperative that we all familiarize ourselves with what could be done in the event of a major problem which suddenly confronts us in the same way that WE respond to the investigation of a major transportation disaster which may suddenly present itself to us. Clinical Forensic Medicine which implies support of investigation of various problems which involve the living is a developing field which must be supported by US all. ln addition it is an area where the forensic practitioners of pathology, toxicology, serology, psychiatry as well as criminalistics can be properly involved to everyones benefit.

VIDEOTAPE CONTINUING EDUCATION LECTURES Being prepared for the spring of 1984 are several other features that are offerer! as continuing edicncation programs of INFORM. These include ten more lectures of Milton Helpern which have been collected from the archives of the Milton Helpern International Center for the Forensic Sciences and which will be presented in an audiotape format. These are practical and very current as excellent opporunities to learn from the master and hear him present the material himseX These would include problems such as deaths

229

in medical settings, various forms of trauma, his approach to homicide and death investigation among others. This is also of historical importance. The Videotape lecture series of INFORM which now consists of 25 lectures is being offered on all major formats of tapes including VHS one haIf inch, Betamax and Umatic threequarter inch. These lectures are very basic and present very iznportant areas which are ideal for Pathology residents, general pathologists, medical and law students, law enforcement authorities, investigators md training classes as well as university students in Administration of Justice- and Criminal Justice programs. The order list for both of these programs will be in the APRIL INFORM letter. I:1 addition another series which deals with lectures in civil problems of a medicolegal investigative nature wial be prepared which is geared for trial attorneys, law students ard medical students as well as physicians who are invctlved in medicolegal case investigation. These lectures art? directed to an audience which kcludes students of Medicine, Law and Law Enf0rcemer.t as well as those in these specialties. There are other scientific areas whose practitioners would find some of these areas of importance. GENERAL

INFORMATION

LECTlJKES 1. 2. -3. 4. 5. __-6. -7. 8. 9.

--~ --

--__ __I--._

10. -- 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. . .

. .

Inquires to

-

NOW AVAILABLE: The Role of the Forrnsic Pathologist: General Aspects The Role of the Forensic Pathologist: Scene Investigation The Role of the Forensic Pathologist: Autopsy Examination The Role of the For:snsic Pathologist: Court Presentation Trauma - General .:r.spects; Homicides and Unnatural Deaths Trauma - Firearm YVounds and Problems; Investigation Child Abuse - Medrcolegal Aspects Living and Death cases Forensic Dentistry: In Criminal investigation Forensic Toxicolog),: Poisoning Investigation Homicide Investigatlnn: Medicolegal Aspects identification Problems: Criminal Investigation The Prosecutor’s Ro’le in use of Scientific evidence Sexual Crimes and tioblems: Investigation Childhood Problems: Investigation and Medicolegal Aspects Drug Use and Abuse: Medicolegal aspects Alcohol Problems - Use and Abuse and Com.plications; Investigation Asohyxial Deaths: Stmngulation and Hanging; Investigation Trauma - Cutting and Stabbing wounds; Investigation Arson and Fire Death Inrzstigation; Medicolegal Aspects Disaster Investigation: ; Medicolegal aspects ~~vestigat~~ aspects Crime Scene InvestigiiLion Hardgun Injuries; Medico1 P Wm. G. Eckert,

2, Wichita, KS 672

230

The INFORM AUDIOVISUAL LECTURE SERIES is being expanded by five units consisting of twenty new lectures each with a half hour tape, 40 slides and a syllabus of information about each slide. The new units include: Types of Death, Investigative Problems, Problems of Age and Sex, Anatomic Trauma involving specific body area including the head, chest, abdomen extremities, back and specific organ systems including the Brain, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Genitourinary, Gastrointestinal, Nerves, Skin, Soft and Hard Tissues. Available from INFORM, Box 8282, Wichita, KS 6’7208.

NEWS FROM THROUGHOUT THE WORLD Argentina The Forensic hledicine Association of the Republic of Argentina has been publishing a Bulletin called Forensic Medicine Argentina. The President of this C9rganization is Professor Leo J. Lencioni of the Institute of Legal Medicine of the University of Rosario. This Institution will be housed in a new building next year. Professor Leon Levit, formerly of Rosario and Buenos Aires, and an active force in Argentinian Forensic Medicine has passed away in Buenos Aires. Singapore A very important meeting was held in September in Singapore under t.he leadership of Prof. T.C. Chao. It was the first International meeting in Forensic Sciences held in Asia. Under the support of the Singapore Medicolega! Soc&,y and the Singapore government this program was ext.remely successful and it resulted in discussions and the decision to form the INDOPACIFIC Association of Forensic Medicine and Sciences. The secretariat will be :stablished in Singapore and the first President is Professor T.C. Chao. 7% Secretary will be Dr Derrick Pocock of Perth, Australia. The organizing committee will include members from each country of the area which this organization covers including African countries, Middle Eastern and Asian countries and those in the Pacific. It is a broad based organization but it will offer the first opportunity for these countries to group together for their own benefit in communicating with c,olleagues in other lands. United States A new book an autobiography of Dr Thomas l%guch!. of Ios now being marketed. It is published by Simon and Schuster of City, New York. It is mainly concerning recent cases which controversial and for which Dr Noguchi has had severe criticism. “CORONER.”

Angeles, is New York have been It is called

231

United Kingdom

Medico-Legal

Societies

in the United

Kingdom

include

the following:

The Medicoiegal Society - Hon. Secty Iain West Dept. Forensic Medicine St Thomas’s Hospital Medical School, London SEl. Manchester and District Medicolegal Society - Hon. S&y Geoffrey Garrett Laboratory Medicine Dept, Oldham & District General Hospital, Rochdale Rd, Oldham, U.K. Bristol M&colegul Society - Hon. Secty Hugh Roberts, Martindaie, Bridgwater Road, Winscombe, Avon ES25 1WN. Leads md West Riding Medicolegal Society - J. Fairhurst, 30 Park Square, Leeds 1, U.K. South Yorkshire Medicolegal Society - Mike Napier, h-win Mitchell & Co. Be&rave House, Bank St, Sheffield Sl 1WE. Merseyside Medicolegal 23ociet.y - Dr M. Clarke 24 High Street, Liverpool 15. The Northern Ireland Medic&; Legal Society - Hon Secty Dr Elizabeth l?. McClatchey 40 Green Road, Belfast BT5 6JT, Northern Ireland U.K. The above listed societies in& on a monthly basis throughout the year and have very interesting programs witn speakers from their own area as well as from those afar. They serve a very important purpose of bringing a multi-dis~:iplinary approach to the problems at hand. The Association of Polict? Surgeons of Great Britain is a very active organization which has many active international figures. The INFORM Gorrespondent who is active in this organization is Dr Ivor Doney “Hazcidene”, Hazel Ave. Chapel Green Lane, Briston BS6 6lJN. Yugoslavia

The Yugoslavian Associatio:l of Forensic Medicine held its IV Congress in May 1983 in Ljubljana. In June the International Institute on Prevention and Treatment of Alcoholism met in Zagreb. Overseas visitors includ Prof. Gerlach of Germany an:d Prof. Valerius of Sweden. Brazil

In Brazil there are few regular publications in Forensic or Police Sciences. In Forensic or Legal Medicina a newsletter is fo~hcomi~g from the ence Center in Leg he ~~st~t~te of Le edicine of the City by Dr Wilmes Teixeira with the consolation of Professor Rodriquez of the University of .Sao Paulo. The Boletim de olicia Cientifica from t e Institute of ienceao de Renato Chaves is edited by Zr Jalvo H. Chucair Granhen,

Marno&, 794, 6600, Belem, Para. This provides very important basic articles in such problems as firearms investigation, Criminal Psychiatry, rape investigation, forensic technics etc. West Germany In West Berlin on November 12, 1983 a celebration of the retirement of Professor Dr med. Walter Krauland was held at the auditorium of the Institute of Hygiene in the Free University of Berlin. Present were many dignitaries of West Germany and Berlin as well as Prof. Dr med. Horst Leithoff of Mainz, the President of the German Society of Rechtsmedizin. An interesting scientific program followed the ceremonies including presentations by Professors S. Berg, H. Althoff, K. Geppert, W. Arnold, E. Klug, “r. Smerling, H. Bratzke, H. Wojahn, V. Schneider and by Professor Krauland. :~~fessor Walter Krauland was Professor and Director of the Institute of ?::Jrhtsmedizin at the Fre
Thanks to Dr Zeki Soysal we have the following report about Forensic Medicine in Turkey. In each Medical school in Turkey there is a Department of Forensic Medicine. The Minisq of h5tiCEz also has Forensic Medicine Departments consisting of five branches directed from the central ‘branch in Istanbul. It has seven divisions: Medicolegal Offices, Morgue facilities, Toxicology and Biology Laboratclries, Forensic Psychiatry and a Council of Forensic Medicine. Unsolved medicolegal cases are reviewed by members of this council. Tnere are few doctors practicing Forensic Medicine in Turkey and thus many of the medicolegal autopsies are performed by general practitioners which occasionally brings problems. In his department 25 autopsies are performed each week on an average. He is lecturer in the Department of Cerrahpasa MedinaI School in Istanbul. A list of prominent practitioners of Ftirensic Medicine in Turkey and their addresses are now presented. Here are some names and addresses of people active in Turkish Medicine at this time:

Forensic

1. Professor Semsi GSk, M.D. Professor of Forensic Medicine, Pathologist, Head of Forensic Medicine Institution of Turkey, Head of Department of Legal Medicine of Cerrahpqa Medical School, Head of Institute of Forensic Medicine of Istanbul University.

233 Every kind of knowledge about obtiined from Professor GiSk. Address:

Medicine

can be

Medicine,

Head of Morgue Division.

DOG.Dr. &demir Kolusztyin Adli Tip Kurumu, Morg Ihtisas pairesi, KocaMustafaPa+ Istanbul, Turkey.

3. Zeki Soysal, M.D. Lecturer in Legal Medicine, inddress:

Forensic

Prof. Dr. pmsi Giik Adli TIP Kurumu mkam KocaMustafaPq, Istanbul Turkey.

2. ozdemir Kolusayin, M.D. Associate Professor of Forensic Address:

Twkish

Medicolegal

expert

at Morgue

Division.

Yard. Doq. Dr. Zeki Soy@ Adli Tip Kurumu, Morg Ihtisas Dairesi, KocaMust afaPap, btanbul, Turkey.

4. Hayrettin Dalokay, M.D. Expert in Forensic Medicine and Ballistics, Head of Ballistics Division. Address:

Dr. Hayrettin Dalokay Adli Tip I+u-u~~~~,Fiziksel Tetkikler Ihtisas Dairesi pa+am, KocaMustafaPa~, Istanbul, Turkey.

5. Mehmet Kiliq, M.D. Resident in Forensic Medicine, Represent&iv? resident of other ssistant cloztors at Institution of Forensic Medicine in Istanbul. Address:

Dr. Mehmet KiIiq Adli Tip Kurumu Asistan Temsilcisi

6. Sevil Atasoy, Dr.

Assc ciate

rofessor

of

Address:

Dog, Dr. Sevil Atasoy Adli Tip Kurumu, Kimyasal Tahliller Ihtisas Dairesi Baskanr, KocaMustafaPqa, &Lx& Turkey.

7. Ayhan Songar, M.D. Professor of Psychiatry, Head of Forensic Psychiatry Divisio.I. Address:

Prof. Dr. Ayhan Sorgar Adli Tip Kurumu, Giizlem lhtisas Dairesi Ba$pm KocaMustafaPap, Istanbul, Turkey.

8. Ayhan Eriizden, M.D. Specialist in Bacteriology, Address:

Head of Biology Laboratory.

Dr. Ayhan Eriizden Adli Tip Kurumu, Biyoloji Ihtisas Dairesi Ba@ni KocaMustafaPasa, Istanbul, Turkey.

9. Mehmet Aykac and Erdem Akkay, M.D. Both Associate Professor in Legal Medicine. Address:

pot,

Dr. Mehmet Aykac and DOG. Dr. Erdem Istanbul Tip Fakultesi (qapa) Adli TIP Anabilim Dal;, capa, Istanbul, Turktj;.

10. Beyhan Ege, M.D. Professor of Legal Medicine Address:

Prof. Dr. Ege univ. Adli Tip Baskani,

Beyhan Ege Tip Fakiiltesi Jna bilim Dali Izmir, Turkey.

11. Adnan &tiirel, M.D. and Ibrahirn Tunali, M.D. Both Professor of Legal Medicine, _4ddress:

Prof. Dr. Adnan c[jztiirel-Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Tt‘nali Ankara aniversitesi, Tip Fakiiltesi, Adli Tip Anabilim Dab, Ankara, Turkey.

Akkay

12. Atim; Coltu, M.D. and Metin &sax, M.D. Address:

Ulu~ Universitesi, Tip Fakiiltesi Adli TIP Anabilim Dab, Bursa, Turkey.

13. Salih Yagar ozden, M.D. Associate Professor of Forensic Medicine, Psychiatrist, Address:

DOG.Dr. Salih Yqar &den Bakirkiiy Akil Hastanesi Bakwkijy, Istanbul, Turkey.

14. Cahit azen, M.D. Professor of Legal Medicine, Address:

Prof. Dr. Cahit ozen Adli Trp Kurumu KocaMustafaPasa, Istanbul, Turkey.

15. Siiheyla Ertiirk, M.D. Associate Professor of Legal Medicine Address:

DOG.Dr. Siiheyla Ertiirk Ege Univ. Tip Fak. Adli Tip Anabilim Dali, Izmir, Turkey.

16. Hiiseyin Karaaliler, M.D. Associate Professor of Legal Medicine Address:

Doq.._Dr. Hi&yin Karaaliler Ege Univ. Tip. Fak. Adli Tip Anabilim Dali, Izmir, Turkey.

17. Umit Karakus, Eng. in Chem. Address:

Umit Karakus Adli Tip Kurumu, Kimyasal Tahliller Ihtisas Dairesi Kimya Miihendisi KocaMustafaPasa, Istanbul, Turkey.

13. Ayhan KGseoglu, Pharmacologist

236

Address:

Yard. Doq. Dr. Ayhan KiiseogIu Adli Tip Kurumu, Kimyasal

Tahliller Ibtisas Dajresi KocaMustafaPap, Istanbul Turkey. FORTHCOMING MEETINGS OF IMPORTANCE TO FORENSIC SCIENTISTS (1984-1988) lQS4 Melbourne, Australia

There wilI be a Congress on Forensic Medicine of the Australasian Police Medical Officers held on February 13-14. Inquires to Dr. J. Peter Bush, Police Offices, 376 Russel Str.. Melbourne, Vict., 3000, Australia. Anaheim, California The Interim meeting of N.A.M.E. will be held February 21 at the Disneyland Hotel, Contact N.A.M.E. Secretary Dr. G. Gantner, Pathology Department, St. Louis University Medical School, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, phone (314) 664-9800. Anaheim,

Califomiz.

The annual meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, will be held February 21-24, 1984 at the Disneyland Hotel. Inquire to American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 225 S. Academy Drive, Colorado Springs, co 80910. Peebles, Scotland The Annual Conference on Forensic Medicine of the Association of Police Surgeons of Great Bhkh will be held May 21-26, 1984 at the Peebles Hydra Hotel. Details from Dr. Myles Clarke, Vine House, Huyton Church Road, Huyton, Liverpool, L36 5SJ, UK. Brighton, England The International

Association

of Forensic

Toxicologists

will hold its Seventh Triennial and 21st International Meeting from 14-17, September 1984. The Venue Hotel is the Metropole. AI1 inquiries to N. Dunnett, Home Office, Forensic Science Laboratory, Aldermaston Reading, Berks, RG7 4PN, U.K.

Oxford, England The 10th Triennial Meeting of the International Association in Forensic Sciences will be held in Oxford from September 18-25, 1984. It will include

sessions on all the Forensic Science Fields. Inquires to IAFS Clarke House, P.O. Box 41, Harrogate HGl lBX, England.

237

The VI the International meeting of the Meditemmean Society of Legal Medicine will be held on May 24-27 .will be held in this city in Greece. Inquires to Secretariat Institute of Legal Medicine, University, Thessaloniki, Greece. La Plats, Argentina The 1984 Seminar of the Argentinim Association of Forensic Medicine will be held in LaPlata in May. Inquires to Prof. L. Lencioni, CasillaCorreo 3152000 Rosario, Argentina. Lmdcm, England The Medico-Legal Society of Great Britain will hold meetings on ‘Jan. 12th, Feb. 9th, March 8th, April 12th, May 10th and June 4th, 1984 at the Royal Society of Medicine. Inquiries to Dr Ian West Dept. of Forensic Medicine, St Thomas Hospital Medical School, London SE 1. Wichita, Kansas The Western Confernce on Crimind and Civil Problems will be held in May and October 1984 in Wichita, Kansasat the Holiday Inn Plaza. Inquires to WCCCP, P.O. Box 8282, Wichita, Kansas. 1985 Tokyo, Japan

The 10th Congress of the Iutenational Association of Accide+ and Traffic Medicine will be held in Tokyo, Ja.pan.Inquires to Secretariat: Int. Congress Serv. Chikusen Bldg SF, Nhombashi 2-7-4 Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103, Japan. The venue is the Takanawa Prince Hate! 3n May 27-31. Budapest, Hungary The XIII Congress of the International Ac,ademy of Foren& Medicine and Social Medicine will be held on Sept. 16-20 and i? will be hosted by Professor E. Somogyi. I:Iquires to Secretariat XIII Cong. IAFMSM Motesz POB 32 Budapest H. 1361.