Juniper berry oil

333

Fragrance raw materials monographs JUNIPER

BERRY OIL

Description atd physicnl properties: EOA Spec. no. 113. The principal constituents of juniper berry oil include d-pinene, camphene, I-terpineol-4 and other oxygenated constituents (Guenther, 1952). Occurrewe: Found in the fruit (berries) of Juniperus commmis L. (Fam. Cupressaceae). Preparation: By steam distillation of the dried ripe fruit. Uses: In public use before the 1900s. Use in fragrances in the USA amounts to approximately 2000 Ib/yr. Concentration in final product (7;): soup

Usual Maximum Analytical

&a:

0.02 0.2

Gas chromatogram,

Detergerlt

Cream,

0402 0.02

lotions

0.01 0.05

Per~flrnle

0.1

0.8

RIFM no. 72-175; infra-red curve, RIFM no. 72-175.

Juniper berry was given GRAS status by FEMA (1965) and is approved by the FDA for food use (GRAS). The Council of Europe (1974) included juniper berry in the list of substances, spices and seasonings deemed admissible for use with a possible limitation of the active principle in the final product. The Footi Cher~~iccrlsCodes (1972) has a monograph on juniper berry. Biological data The acute oral LDso value in rats was reported as >5 g/kg (Shelanski, 1972) and as 8.0 g/kg (Jenner, Hagan, Taylor. Cook & Fitzhugh, 1964). The acute dermal LDsO value in rabbits exceeded 5 g/kg (Shelanski, 1972). Irritatiotl. Undiluted juniper berry oil applied to the backs of hairless mice and swine was not irritating (Urbach Kc Forbes, 1972). but applied to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion it was moderately irritating (Shelanski, 1972). A patch test using juniper berry full strength for 24 hr produced two irritation reactions in 20 subjects (Katz, 1946). Juniper berry oil tested at 8% in petrolatum produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on human subjects (Kligman, 1972). Serrsitizatiorl. A maximization test (Kligman, 1966; Kligman & Epstein, 1975) was carried out on 25 volunteers. The material was tested at a concentration of 8% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions (Kligman, 1972). Phototoxicity. No phototoxic effects were reported for undiluted juniper berry oil on hairless mice and swine (Urbach & Forbes, 1972). Acute

toxicity.

References Council of Europe (1974). Natural Flavouring Substances, Their Sources, and Added Artificial Flavouring Substances. Partial Agreement in the Social and Public Health Field. List N(l), Series l(b), no. 249, p. 75. Strasbourg. Flavoring Extract Manufacturers’ Association (1965). Survey of flavoring ingredient usage levels. No. 2604. Fd T&I&., Chnrnpaiy,l 19 (2). part 2, 155. Food Chemicals Codex (1972).2nd Ed. Prepared by the Committee on Specifications, Food Chemicals Codex, of the Committee on Food Protection. p. 421. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Publ. 1406,Washington, D.C. Guenther, E. (1952). Tile Essential Oils. Vol. IV, p. 380. D. Van Nostrand, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey. Jenner. P. M., Hagan, E. C., Taylor, J. M., Cook, E. L. & Fitzhugh, 0. G. (1964). Food Aavourings and compounds of related structure. I. Acute oral toxicity. Fd Comet. Tosico/. 2. 327. Katz, A. (1946). Spice Mi// 69 (July), 46. Kligman, A. M. (1966). The identification of contact allergens by human assay. III. The maximization test. A procedure for screening and rating contact sensitizers. J. invest. Dem. 47. 393. Kligman. A. M. (1972). Report to RIFM, 19 October. Kligman, A. M. & Epstein, W. (1975).Updating the maximization test for identifying contact allergens. Cor~racr Derntatitis 1. 231. Shelanski, M. V. (1972). Report to RIFM, 14 July. Urbach, F. & Forbes, P. D. (1972). Report to RIFM. 26 July.