- Email: [email protected]
Knowledge, attitude, and practise of healthcare workers toward hepatitis B virus infection in Sudan
226
Abstracts / Journal of Clinical Virology 69 (2015) 223–246
P0008 Knowledge, attitude, and practise of healthcare workers toward hepatitis B virus infection in Sudan S.H. Bakry 1 , A.F. Mustafa 2 , A.S. Eldalo 3,∗ , M.A. Yousif 3 1
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan 2 Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan 3 College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia Background: This study sought to assess healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitude, and practise towards hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in four public hospitals in Wad Medani, Sudan. An anonymous pretested questionnaire was completed by 295 different healthcare providers. The response rate was 100%. Findings: The study revealed that 97% of doctors, 99% of nurses, 95% of laboratory technicians, and 96% of other paramedical staff knew that HBV is transmitted via blood. For hygienic precautionary measures the current study showed that 81% of the responding providers routinely recap needles after use and only 33% of doctors always wear gloves. Gloves were not readily available in all units where there is a high risk of infectious occupational exposure. More than 50% (p < 0.001) of healthcare workers were not vaccinated against HBV. Interpretation: Healthcare workers in Sudan have poor knowledge of the universal standard precautions guidelines and do not fully appreciate their occupational risk regarding hepatitis B infection. We propose recommendations for the formulation and implementation of standard precautions guidelines. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.015 P0009 HBV and HCV coinfection in patients with HIV/AIDS in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
had HBV DNA > 106 IU/ml. 28 patients with anti-HCV antibodies had undetectable HCV RNA. Interpretation: Now with use of TDF in ART for patients with HIV/AIDS, HBV/HIV coinfection can be solved, but we should focus more on treatment for HCV infection. In the coming years, HCV infection could cause more patient deaths than HIV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.016 P0010 The C-terminus domain of the hepatitis B virus x protein stimulates the proliferation but is not necessary to form spheroids of hepatic progenitor cells in fetal mice L. Yu, S. Chen, S. He ∗ The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China Background: The hepatitis B virus x (HBx) protein is an important factor in hepatocellular carcinoma associated with the hepatitis B virus. The C-terminal region of HBx plays a major part in the replication of the hepatitis B virus. Notably, HBx promotes the expansion and tumorigenesis of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in mice. However, it remains unclear whether the C-terminal region of HBx is required to stimulate proliferation in mouse fetal hepatic progenitor cells (FHPCs). Methods: In our study, we used EPCAM+ , CD133+ , and CD49f+ FHPCs, which are bipotential clonogenic cells. Findings: FHPCs transform into mature hepatocytes and cholangiocyte when cultured under conditions that facilitate differentiation. Compared with FHPCs grown as monolayers, spherical cell proliferation occurs more quickly. Furthermore, spherically cultured FHPCs can grow in semi-solid agar and tend to maintain the morphology and characteristics of stem cells compared with growth in rat tail collagen. Interpretation: We have shown that the C-terminus of HBx stimulates the proliferation of FHPCs but is not necessary to form spheroids similar to hepatic cancer stem cells, which furthers our understanding of the HBx-induced tumourigenicity of FHPCs and will aid in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
V.M. Quang ∗ , N.V.V. Chau, N.T. Dung, D.T.H. Tam Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection in patients with HIV/AIDS is a problem in Vietnam. Now with use of tenofovir (TDF) [SE:OK?] in antiretroviral therapy (ART), HBV/HIV coinfection can be treated, but HCV/HIV coinfection cannot yet be treated appropriately. Methods: We did a cohort study of 386 patients with HIV before initiation of ART at four outpatient centres in Ho Chi Minh City from July, 2013 to December, 2014. All patients had clinical examinations, and analysis of blood count, creatinine, glycaemic control, cholesterol, triglyceride, transaminases, CD4 blood count, and HIV RNA was done. Coinfection with HBV or HCV was assessed by HCV RNA, HBsAg, anti-HBe and HBV DNA tests. Descriptive analyses of patients were done at the time they began ART. Findings: Of 834 patients enrolled in this study, 170 (44.0%) had severe HIV, with clinical stage 3 or 4; mean of CD4 count 162 (1688) cells/L. 154 (18.4%) patients were coinfected with HCV or HBV. Of those, 50 patients had HBV/HIV coinfection, 82 patients had HCV/HIV coinfection, and 22 had HBV/HCV/HIV coinfection. 30 patients had high ALT concentration (>80 IU/ml), and 35 patients
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.017 P0011 Performance of picodroplet digital PCR for quantitative detection of HCV RNA F. Wei ∗ , X. Guo, J. Yin, Y. Shi, D. Chen ∗ Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, CMU, Beijing, China Background: HCV RNA measurements are crucial for monitoring of the efficacy of HCV treatment and prediction of the sustained virological response (SVR). Several different HCV RNA assays with variable sensitivities and accuracies are used in clinical practice, which can affect application of stopping rules in a substantial number of patients. By use of water-in-oil droplets, which ensure single molecule amplification, picodroplet digital PCR offers a highly precise, direct quantification method without requiring a calibration curve. Methods: To assess the performance of picodroplet digital PCR in HCV RNA quantitative detection, we tested tenfold serial dilutions of HCV high positive control (Roche TaqMan HCV test kit) and 36 clinical samples. The quantitative linearity and accuracy were
Abstracts / Journal of Clinical Virology 69 (2015) 223–246
P0008 Knowledge, attitude, and practise of healthcare workers toward hepatitis B virus infection in Sudan S.H. Bakry 1 , A.F. Mustafa 2 , A.S. Eldalo 3,∗ , M.A. Yousif 3 1
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan 2 Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan 3 College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia Background: This study sought to assess healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitude, and practise towards hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in four public hospitals in Wad Medani, Sudan. An anonymous pretested questionnaire was completed by 295 different healthcare providers. The response rate was 100%. Findings: The study revealed that 97% of doctors, 99% of nurses, 95% of laboratory technicians, and 96% of other paramedical staff knew that HBV is transmitted via blood. For hygienic precautionary measures the current study showed that 81% of the responding providers routinely recap needles after use and only 33% of doctors always wear gloves. Gloves were not readily available in all units where there is a high risk of infectious occupational exposure. More than 50% (p < 0.001) of healthcare workers were not vaccinated against HBV. Interpretation: Healthcare workers in Sudan have poor knowledge of the universal standard precautions guidelines and do not fully appreciate their occupational risk regarding hepatitis B infection. We propose recommendations for the formulation and implementation of standard precautions guidelines. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.015 P0009 HBV and HCV coinfection in patients with HIV/AIDS in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
had HBV DNA > 106 IU/ml. 28 patients with anti-HCV antibodies had undetectable HCV RNA. Interpretation: Now with use of TDF in ART for patients with HIV/AIDS, HBV/HIV coinfection can be solved, but we should focus more on treatment for HCV infection. In the coming years, HCV infection could cause more patient deaths than HIV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.016 P0010 The C-terminus domain of the hepatitis B virus x protein stimulates the proliferation but is not necessary to form spheroids of hepatic progenitor cells in fetal mice L. Yu, S. Chen, S. He ∗ The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China Background: The hepatitis B virus x (HBx) protein is an important factor in hepatocellular carcinoma associated with the hepatitis B virus. The C-terminal region of HBx plays a major part in the replication of the hepatitis B virus. Notably, HBx promotes the expansion and tumorigenesis of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in mice. However, it remains unclear whether the C-terminal region of HBx is required to stimulate proliferation in mouse fetal hepatic progenitor cells (FHPCs). Methods: In our study, we used EPCAM+ , CD133+ , and CD49f+ FHPCs, which are bipotential clonogenic cells. Findings: FHPCs transform into mature hepatocytes and cholangiocyte when cultured under conditions that facilitate differentiation. Compared with FHPCs grown as monolayers, spherical cell proliferation occurs more quickly. Furthermore, spherically cultured FHPCs can grow in semi-solid agar and tend to maintain the morphology and characteristics of stem cells compared with growth in rat tail collagen. Interpretation: We have shown that the C-terminus of HBx stimulates the proliferation of FHPCs but is not necessary to form spheroids similar to hepatic cancer stem cells, which furthers our understanding of the HBx-induced tumourigenicity of FHPCs and will aid in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
V.M. Quang ∗ , N.V.V. Chau, N.T. Dung, D.T.H. Tam Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection in patients with HIV/AIDS is a problem in Vietnam. Now with use of tenofovir (TDF) [SE:OK?] in antiretroviral therapy (ART), HBV/HIV coinfection can be treated, but HCV/HIV coinfection cannot yet be treated appropriately. Methods: We did a cohort study of 386 patients with HIV before initiation of ART at four outpatient centres in Ho Chi Minh City from July, 2013 to December, 2014. All patients had clinical examinations, and analysis of blood count, creatinine, glycaemic control, cholesterol, triglyceride, transaminases, CD4 blood count, and HIV RNA was done. Coinfection with HBV or HCV was assessed by HCV RNA, HBsAg, anti-HBe and HBV DNA tests. Descriptive analyses of patients were done at the time they began ART. Findings: Of 834 patients enrolled in this study, 170 (44.0%) had severe HIV, with clinical stage 3 or 4; mean of CD4 count 162 (1688) cells/L. 154 (18.4%) patients were coinfected with HCV or HBV. Of those, 50 patients had HBV/HIV coinfection, 82 patients had HCV/HIV coinfection, and 22 had HBV/HCV/HIV coinfection. 30 patients had high ALT concentration (>80 IU/ml), and 35 patients
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.017 P0011 Performance of picodroplet digital PCR for quantitative detection of HCV RNA F. Wei ∗ , X. Guo, J. Yin, Y. Shi, D. Chen ∗ Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, CMU, Beijing, China Background: HCV RNA measurements are crucial for monitoring of the efficacy of HCV treatment and prediction of the sustained virological response (SVR). Several different HCV RNA assays with variable sensitivities and accuracies are used in clinical practice, which can affect application of stopping rules in a substantial number of patients. By use of water-in-oil droplets, which ensure single molecule amplification, picodroplet digital PCR offers a highly precise, direct quantification method without requiring a calibration curve. Methods: To assess the performance of picodroplet digital PCR in HCV RNA quantitative detection, we tested tenfold serial dilutions of HCV high positive control (Roche TaqMan HCV test kit) and 36 clinical samples. The quantitative linearity and accuracy were