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Laboratory testing of chemically grouted sand
4A
Composition, structure texture and density See also: 901184 901022 Rock discontinuity spacing statistics: log-normal distribution versus exponential Mohajerani, A Aust Geomech NI7. June 1989, P20-21
Meaningful statistical descriptions are necessary to predict the load-deformation and seepage characteristics of rock masses from fracture geometry. The applicability of log-normal and exponential models has been examined. It is indicated that discontinuities can be classed as finely or coarsely spaced if less than or more than 10% of spacing values are greater than Im respectively. Exponential and log-normal distributions can be fitted to finely or coarsely spaced discontinuities respectively. To estimate RQD from discontinuity data, the analysis of Priest and Hudson (1976) can be used for finely spaced discontinuities, that of Sen and Kazi (1984) for those coarsely spaced. 901023 Effect of rigid boundaries on measurement of particle concentration Hardin, B O Geotech Test J VI2, N2, June 1989, P143-149
Specimen preparation in rigid moulds results in interruption of particle packing at the boundaries and void ratio inhomogeneity. A theory for boundary effects for regular packings of uniform spheres is derived. Difference between measured and true void ratios for cubical containers is proportional to the ratio of particle size to cube side length. The theory is extended to volumes with boundaries of arbitrary length. It is seen to apply to angular and graded particles. Boundary effects are negligible for silts and clays under normal test conditions. 901024 Density tests above zero air voids line Schmertmann, J H J Geotech Engng Div ASCE VII5, N7, July 1989, P10031018
Degree of saturation (S) computed from measured water content, wet unit weight and specific gravity has a variability resulting from inherent variability of each parameter. This results in a percentage of S plotting above the zero air voids line. It is demonstrated that Gaussian normal distributions apply to test results and numerical and analytical methods are used to predict percentage of S above ZAVL. Results from three large cohesive fills are used to support the analytical study. Knowledge of the percentage of S above ZAVL is an additional quality check for cohesive fills. 901025 Laboratory testing of the voids of a fracture. Technical note Gentier, S; Billaux, D; van Vliet, L Rock Meeh Rock Engng 1/22, N2, April-June 1989, P149-157
A method to characterise fracture void geometry is presented. A dyed silicone polymer is poured on to one surface of the fracture, the second side fitted, air extracted, and the resin cured to give a cast of the void space. The cast may be reinforced with clear resin once one side of the fracture has been removed. A video camera pixel map of the cast is produced and the image processed to estimate void space size and distribution.
901026 In--situ testing of fine coal refuse by nuclear method. Cowherd, D C; Perlea, V G Proc Conference on Hydraulic Fill Structures, Fort Collins, 15-18 April 1988 P274-289. Publ New York." ASCE, 1988 ( Geotechnical Special Publication No 21)
Fine coal refuse in disposal facilities may be susceptible to liquefaction under earthquake loading. In situ density is important in controlling liquefaction, but is difficult to measure by direct methods. Standard laboratory tests are outlined. Nuclear measurement of density and moisture content gives continuous readout. The technique is described and 3 procedures to estimate in situ relative density presented. Use of the nuclear method at 2 sites is outlined.
901027 Joint survey and determination of joint distribution Kikuchi, K; Mimuro, T; Kobayashi, T; Izumiya, Y; Mito, Y Proe 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 V1, P239-248. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988
Methods for statistical analysis of joint distribution data are presented. Sampling is via scan-lines or scan-windows, and a 1.5m square is suggested. The data derived are corrected for sampling bias. Orientation distribution is treated using a spherical net. Persistence, spacing, density, connectivity, aperture, fillings and roughness are also treated statistically.
Deformation and strength characteristics See also: 901007. 901016, 901179, 901328
901028 Geotechnical characteristics of an ice-thrust mudstone, Wabamun Lake area,Alberta Cruden, D M; Thomson, S; Tsui, P C Can Geotecli J V26, N2, May 1989, P227-234
This first detailed investigation of ice-thrust soft rocks examined once heavily overconsolidated Upper Cretaceous mudstones. Weathering and glacial deformation have eliminated the fabric formed by overconsolidation. The fissured and brecciated sample from an ice-thrust shear zone behaves as a lightly overconsolidated sediment in the laboratory, with nonbrittle mode of shear deformation and maximum shear strength close to residual. Platy clay minerals dominate the behaviour, and have been grouped into aggregates or shear remoulded matrices.
901029 Laboratory testing of chemically grouted sand Christopher, B R; Atmatzidis, D K; Krizek, R J Geotech Test J VI2, N2, June 1989, P109-119
Over 200 specimens of chemically grouted sands were prepared and tested in unconfined compression to evaluate the effect of 14 parameters associated with specimen preparation, handling, testing and soil characteristics on mechanical properties. Curing environment and time, specimen size, grain size, and grain size distribution were the most significant parameters.
© 1990 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted
Composition, structure texture and density See also: 901184 901022 Rock discontinuity spacing statistics: log-normal distribution versus exponential Mohajerani, A Aust Geomech NI7. June 1989, P20-21
Meaningful statistical descriptions are necessary to predict the load-deformation and seepage characteristics of rock masses from fracture geometry. The applicability of log-normal and exponential models has been examined. It is indicated that discontinuities can be classed as finely or coarsely spaced if less than or more than 10% of spacing values are greater than Im respectively. Exponential and log-normal distributions can be fitted to finely or coarsely spaced discontinuities respectively. To estimate RQD from discontinuity data, the analysis of Priest and Hudson (1976) can be used for finely spaced discontinuities, that of Sen and Kazi (1984) for those coarsely spaced. 901023 Effect of rigid boundaries on measurement of particle concentration Hardin, B O Geotech Test J VI2, N2, June 1989, P143-149
Specimen preparation in rigid moulds results in interruption of particle packing at the boundaries and void ratio inhomogeneity. A theory for boundary effects for regular packings of uniform spheres is derived. Difference between measured and true void ratios for cubical containers is proportional to the ratio of particle size to cube side length. The theory is extended to volumes with boundaries of arbitrary length. It is seen to apply to angular and graded particles. Boundary effects are negligible for silts and clays under normal test conditions. 901024 Density tests above zero air voids line Schmertmann, J H J Geotech Engng Div ASCE VII5, N7, July 1989, P10031018
Degree of saturation (S) computed from measured water content, wet unit weight and specific gravity has a variability resulting from inherent variability of each parameter. This results in a percentage of S plotting above the zero air voids line. It is demonstrated that Gaussian normal distributions apply to test results and numerical and analytical methods are used to predict percentage of S above ZAVL. Results from three large cohesive fills are used to support the analytical study. Knowledge of the percentage of S above ZAVL is an additional quality check for cohesive fills. 901025 Laboratory testing of the voids of a fracture. Technical note Gentier, S; Billaux, D; van Vliet, L Rock Meeh Rock Engng 1/22, N2, April-June 1989, P149-157
A method to characterise fracture void geometry is presented. A dyed silicone polymer is poured on to one surface of the fracture, the second side fitted, air extracted, and the resin cured to give a cast of the void space. The cast may be reinforced with clear resin once one side of the fracture has been removed. A video camera pixel map of the cast is produced and the image processed to estimate void space size and distribution.
901026 In--situ testing of fine coal refuse by nuclear method. Cowherd, D C; Perlea, V G Proc Conference on Hydraulic Fill Structures, Fort Collins, 15-18 April 1988 P274-289. Publ New York." ASCE, 1988 ( Geotechnical Special Publication No 21)
Fine coal refuse in disposal facilities may be susceptible to liquefaction under earthquake loading. In situ density is important in controlling liquefaction, but is difficult to measure by direct methods. Standard laboratory tests are outlined. Nuclear measurement of density and moisture content gives continuous readout. The technique is described and 3 procedures to estimate in situ relative density presented. Use of the nuclear method at 2 sites is outlined.
901027 Joint survey and determination of joint distribution Kikuchi, K; Mimuro, T; Kobayashi, T; Izumiya, Y; Mito, Y Proe 2nd International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Kobe, 6-9 April 1987 V1, P239-248. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988
Methods for statistical analysis of joint distribution data are presented. Sampling is via scan-lines or scan-windows, and a 1.5m square is suggested. The data derived are corrected for sampling bias. Orientation distribution is treated using a spherical net. Persistence, spacing, density, connectivity, aperture, fillings and roughness are also treated statistically.
Deformation and strength characteristics See also: 901007. 901016, 901179, 901328
901028 Geotechnical characteristics of an ice-thrust mudstone, Wabamun Lake area,Alberta Cruden, D M; Thomson, S; Tsui, P C Can Geotecli J V26, N2, May 1989, P227-234
This first detailed investigation of ice-thrust soft rocks examined once heavily overconsolidated Upper Cretaceous mudstones. Weathering and glacial deformation have eliminated the fabric formed by overconsolidation. The fissured and brecciated sample from an ice-thrust shear zone behaves as a lightly overconsolidated sediment in the laboratory, with nonbrittle mode of shear deformation and maximum shear strength close to residual. Platy clay minerals dominate the behaviour, and have been grouped into aggregates or shear remoulded matrices.
901029 Laboratory testing of chemically grouted sand Christopher, B R; Atmatzidis, D K; Krizek, R J Geotech Test J VI2, N2, June 1989, P109-119
Over 200 specimens of chemically grouted sands were prepared and tested in unconfined compression to evaluate the effect of 14 parameters associated with specimen preparation, handling, testing and soil characteristics on mechanical properties. Curing environment and time, specimen size, grain size, and grain size distribution were the most significant parameters.
© 1990 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted