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Preparation of grouted sand specimens for dynamic testing. Technical note
174A deformability of rock and grout are discussed. Formulae are developed for evaluation of bolt bearing capacity and prediction of required shear displacements.
the cementing materials (sodium silicate. Portland cement. lime. flyash), preparation of the soil sample, mix-compact method, and microstructures achieved are described.
913354 Case study on the use of grouted support in two-entry gate road Signer, S P; Jones, S D Rock Mechanics Contributions and Challenges: Proc 31st US Symposium, Golden, 18-20 June 1990 P145-152. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990
913358 Cement grouts Boyes, R G H Ground Engng V23, N8. Oct 1990, P18-21
Instrumented fully grouted bolts and sagmeters were installed in the roadway of a two entry gateroad in a mine in Utah, USA, and monitored during section development and as each Iongwall panel passed the test area. Loads during development were higher than if simple suspension of roof rock is the only cause of loading. Massive beam behaviour over the seam was seen as the first Iongwall face passed, but no significant local bending. Loading continued to increase, and when the second face was adjacent to the test section, over 70% of strain gauges indicated stresses greater than yield strength of the bolts. The chosen bolt pattern was, however, able to provide adequate reinforcement. 913355 Suction effect in plate anchors in soft clays Baba, H U; Gulhati, S K; Datta, M Proc 12th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, 13-18 August 1989 VI. P409-412. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1989 Pullout capacity of vertical plate anchors in clay depends on resistance offered by the soil and soil suction forces. Little attention has been paid to the latter component. An experimental study based on model tests to investigate suction effects is described. Results show suction forces may increase pullout capacity by a factor from 0 to 6, depending on soil-water regime and rate of loading. It should be taken into account for short term loading, but neglected when calculating long term stability. 913356 Application of S.I. anchorages of soil traction Seta, F D Proc 5th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology, Buenos A&es, 20-25 October 1986 V4. P2319-2328. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1990 Three applications of grouted tensioned anchors in Brazil are described. 30m long anchors were used to support the abutments of a 70m single span pedestrian bridge on sedimentary soils. 10m anchors secured the abutments and piers of a road bridge in a rocky river bed. The bottom structure of a pumping plant on sandy soil was strengthened by a series of 20m anchors. Design considerations and constructional details for each case are presented.
Grouting 913357 Preparation of grouted sand specimens for dynamic testing. Technical note Chang, T S; Woods, R D; Li, N H Geotech Test J VI3. N3, Sept 1990. P235-242 An experimental program will be carried out to study the low strain dynamic properties of cemented soils for seismic research and design applications. Preparation of grouted sand samples for this is described. Selection of the soils, selection of
Cement grouts have been used since the late eighteenth century, and are still popular because of easy availability, known handling capacity, and good setting strength. Applications with additives including pfa. granulated slag or other pozzolans, clays and bentonite, and microsilica are outlined, and some comparisons made with chemical grouts. A case of construction of a retaining wall in uncompacted sand is presented, where a reticulated structure of steel tubes was formed and the surrounding sand mass grouted with Micron S grout. 913359 Jet grouting the key to Navy Yard East success Martin, D Tunn Tunalg Autumn 1990, Special Issue. Soft Ground Tunnelling. P23-25 Extension of the Washington DC Metro requires soft ground tunnelling through a variety of soil profiles. An EPBS TBM has been selected. At one stage a major trunk sewer of brick and unreinforced concrete was encountered. Ground freezing was ruled out because of possible post thaw settlement or freezing of the sewer contents. Needle beams were also rejected. The solution was to construct horizontal jet grouted piles in the gravel beneath the sewer. The tunnel proceeded with spacing only just greater than Ira. Apart from increased cutter wear. no major problems were found.
Reinforced earth See also: 913108. 913369. 913423, 913433 913360 Modelling of the mechanical behaviour of Texsoi (in French) Villard, P: Jouve, P; Riou, Y Bull Liaison Labs Ponts Chaussees N168. July-Aug 1990. P15-28 Texsol. granular material reinforced by continuous filaments. extends the application of reinforced earth to steep retaining walls. Because the behaviour of Texsol is complex, modelling must take into account many soil mechanical properties, plus fibre type. proportion, and distribution. A model proposed. based on the finite element method, uses nonlinear laws and can be applied to plane strain conditions as well as cases of axisymmetry. Its ability to simulate behaviour of various combinations of sand/fibre under triaxial conditions is illustrated, 913361 Reinforcement bond capacity. Technical note Jewell, R A Geotechnique V40. N3. Sept 1990. P513.518 Measured pullout capacity is strongly influenced by the boundary conditions in the pullout tests. Where interactions as well as skin friction contribute to pullout resistance (grids, ribbed strips, anchored reinforcement), pullout tests cannot be avoided. Existing theory of reinforcement bonds is stated and re-examined. On the basis of new test data, two improvements are proposed, one taking account of particle size, the other considering shape of reinforcement strips or grids.
(?, 1991 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted
the cementing materials (sodium silicate. Portland cement. lime. flyash), preparation of the soil sample, mix-compact method, and microstructures achieved are described.
913354 Case study on the use of grouted support in two-entry gate road Signer, S P; Jones, S D Rock Mechanics Contributions and Challenges: Proc 31st US Symposium, Golden, 18-20 June 1990 P145-152. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1990
913358 Cement grouts Boyes, R G H Ground Engng V23, N8. Oct 1990, P18-21
Instrumented fully grouted bolts and sagmeters were installed in the roadway of a two entry gateroad in a mine in Utah, USA, and monitored during section development and as each Iongwall panel passed the test area. Loads during development were higher than if simple suspension of roof rock is the only cause of loading. Massive beam behaviour over the seam was seen as the first Iongwall face passed, but no significant local bending. Loading continued to increase, and when the second face was adjacent to the test section, over 70% of strain gauges indicated stresses greater than yield strength of the bolts. The chosen bolt pattern was, however, able to provide adequate reinforcement. 913355 Suction effect in plate anchors in soft clays Baba, H U; Gulhati, S K; Datta, M Proc 12th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, 13-18 August 1989 VI. P409-412. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1989 Pullout capacity of vertical plate anchors in clay depends on resistance offered by the soil and soil suction forces. Little attention has been paid to the latter component. An experimental study based on model tests to investigate suction effects is described. Results show suction forces may increase pullout capacity by a factor from 0 to 6, depending on soil-water regime and rate of loading. It should be taken into account for short term loading, but neglected when calculating long term stability. 913356 Application of S.I. anchorages of soil traction Seta, F D Proc 5th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology, Buenos A&es, 20-25 October 1986 V4. P2319-2328. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1990 Three applications of grouted tensioned anchors in Brazil are described. 30m long anchors were used to support the abutments of a 70m single span pedestrian bridge on sedimentary soils. 10m anchors secured the abutments and piers of a road bridge in a rocky river bed. The bottom structure of a pumping plant on sandy soil was strengthened by a series of 20m anchors. Design considerations and constructional details for each case are presented.
Grouting 913357 Preparation of grouted sand specimens for dynamic testing. Technical note Chang, T S; Woods, R D; Li, N H Geotech Test J VI3. N3, Sept 1990. P235-242 An experimental program will be carried out to study the low strain dynamic properties of cemented soils for seismic research and design applications. Preparation of grouted sand samples for this is described. Selection of the soils, selection of
Cement grouts have been used since the late eighteenth century, and are still popular because of easy availability, known handling capacity, and good setting strength. Applications with additives including pfa. granulated slag or other pozzolans, clays and bentonite, and microsilica are outlined, and some comparisons made with chemical grouts. A case of construction of a retaining wall in uncompacted sand is presented, where a reticulated structure of steel tubes was formed and the surrounding sand mass grouted with Micron S grout. 913359 Jet grouting the key to Navy Yard East success Martin, D Tunn Tunalg Autumn 1990, Special Issue. Soft Ground Tunnelling. P23-25 Extension of the Washington DC Metro requires soft ground tunnelling through a variety of soil profiles. An EPBS TBM has been selected. At one stage a major trunk sewer of brick and unreinforced concrete was encountered. Ground freezing was ruled out because of possible post thaw settlement or freezing of the sewer contents. Needle beams were also rejected. The solution was to construct horizontal jet grouted piles in the gravel beneath the sewer. The tunnel proceeded with spacing only just greater than Ira. Apart from increased cutter wear. no major problems were found.
Reinforced earth See also: 913108. 913369. 913423, 913433 913360 Modelling of the mechanical behaviour of Texsoi (in French) Villard, P: Jouve, P; Riou, Y Bull Liaison Labs Ponts Chaussees N168. July-Aug 1990. P15-28 Texsol. granular material reinforced by continuous filaments. extends the application of reinforced earth to steep retaining walls. Because the behaviour of Texsol is complex, modelling must take into account many soil mechanical properties, plus fibre type. proportion, and distribution. A model proposed. based on the finite element method, uses nonlinear laws and can be applied to plane strain conditions as well as cases of axisymmetry. Its ability to simulate behaviour of various combinations of sand/fibre under triaxial conditions is illustrated, 913361 Reinforcement bond capacity. Technical note Jewell, R A Geotechnique V40. N3. Sept 1990. P513.518 Measured pullout capacity is strongly influenced by the boundary conditions in the pullout tests. Where interactions as well as skin friction contribute to pullout resistance (grids, ribbed strips, anchored reinforcement), pullout tests cannot be avoided. Existing theory of reinforcement bonds is stated and re-examined. On the basis of new test data, two improvements are proposed, one taking account of particle size, the other considering shape of reinforcement strips or grids.
(?, 1991 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted