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Laser Raman scattering of neurotoxins isolated from the venoms of sea snakes Lapemis hardwickii and Enhydrina schistosa
Toskroe, 1973, Vo4 13, yp.183-486. Pa~moa Pray. Hinted in Grat Hr~Wn .
REVIEWS Yv, N:T., Ln~r, T.-S. and Tv, A. T. (School of Chemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 and Department of Biochemistry, Colorado State Univaaity, Fort Collies, Colorado 80523, U.S .A.) Laser Rsman scattering of neurotoxina isolated from the venons of sea aaakee finds hardwkkä and Freleydrlna Jclristora. J. lüol Clone. 250, 1782 (1975). A x~ toorin was isolated from th~ venons of the sea snakes Lapemir Iwrdwtckil and Errleydrbra addatoera. The taurins were studied by laser Ramaa apectrascopy. Spectra were obtained from the powder, aqueous solution, and deuhzated derivatives of each toxin. The peptides backbone ooaformation of these neurotoxins was found to be of 'anti-parallel ß coaflguration', as distinct amide I and III bands appeared at 1672 and 1240 cm'', respectively. No indication of a helical structure in the nourotoxina was observed from amide I and III bands. This was furthest confirmed by the spectra of the naurotoxins after deuterium exchange. F.E.R . H~~, U., Rosesr~w~, L. M., Roce~wnu, D. and Lewis, J. H. (Central Blood Bank and Deparhntnt of Medidne, University of Pittsburgh and Montefiero Haapitan . DIC-11~co syndrome attar enveaomation by the snake, Crotalrv horridua horridas. New i~ql. J. Med. 292, 305 (1975) . A vovxa adult male bitten by a captive timber rattlesnake developed massive local swelling and numerous petxhise and eec>~ynloses. The Brat blood sample was incoagulable ; there was profound thrombocytopenia with hypofibrinogenemia. High titers of fibrin split products were demonstrated by immonoelectrophoresfs, staphyloooocal clumping, and other tests. There was no evidence that thrombin formation was definitely involved . Treatment included antivenin (9 units), heparin, steroids, and antibiotics. Although general impmvemmt was evident by tl~ fourth day after igjury, fibrinogen levels remained low until the aeveath day and platelets wem not at a normal level until the 14th day. Local scarring and naansia wero minimal. Timber rattlesnake venom ire vitro had thrombin-L7~a activity that was inhibited by antivenin but not by heparin. It has long been reoogaiud that ooagulopathies occur is severe envenomation by snakes of many species as well as eavenomation by e~tain spiders, scorpions, and caterpillars ; however, the mect,a ., ;~*++a involved were inadequately understood until reaatly. This paper illustrates the value of careful laboratory studies on clinical cease of enveaomation . S.A.M . Kxex, Z. H., L~t1, F. A., Au, Z. and Z~rot, S. T. A. (Biological Products Division, National Health Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan)" Chromatographic fractionation of F .clda carüurtua venom with special rrâel+eax to biological activities. Jap. l. reed. Sd. Biol. 27, Z73 (1974). Col.vesa chromatography on CM~ellulose showed five peaks, and six pooled fractions, numbered in dascr~ding order of eeoovay, were collected and tested for proteolytic, hemorrha8ic and lethal activities. All were protelytic. Fractions II sad III wars slightly hemorrhagk butmost of this activity was foundin fiactiona I and IV, the only lethal fractions. Relatives to protein contest, the hemorrhagic activity wss highest in fraction I, whereas thelethal activity was of the same order in fraction I and theleases fraction IV . P.A.C . Owr~Y, C. L., KAn~t, R. A. and Tv, A. T. (Dept. of Anatomy and Biochemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Colline, Colorado). Pathogoneaia of hemorrhages induxd by rattlesnake venom. An electron microscopic study. Ana. J. Patb . 76, 401114 (1974) . Usn~ci hemorrhages and myonaxosia ere a definition of tissue damage, the authors have conducted a light and electron microscopic study of the morphological changes following fntramuscular igjxtion of Crotalrv atrex venom in white mice . Tisauee wero sampled 2 min, 30 min, and 3 hr attar igjoction. Morphological changes begin with dilatation of the perinuclear apex and endoplasmic retiailum of the endothelial cells 483 711DXICON 197J Yo1. I3
REVIEWS Yv, N:T., Ln~r, T.-S. and Tv, A. T. (School of Chemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 and Department of Biochemistry, Colorado State Univaaity, Fort Collies, Colorado 80523, U.S .A.) Laser Rsman scattering of neurotoxina isolated from the venons of sea aaakee finds hardwkkä and Freleydrlna Jclristora. J. lüol Clone. 250, 1782 (1975). A x~ toorin was isolated from th~ venons of the sea snakes Lapemir Iwrdwtckil and Errleydrbra addatoera. The taurins were studied by laser Ramaa apectrascopy. Spectra were obtained from the powder, aqueous solution, and deuhzated derivatives of each toxin. The peptides backbone ooaformation of these neurotoxins was found to be of 'anti-parallel ß coaflguration', as distinct amide I and III bands appeared at 1672 and 1240 cm'', respectively. No indication of a helical structure in the nourotoxina was observed from amide I and III bands. This was furthest confirmed by the spectra of the naurotoxins after deuterium exchange. F.E.R . H~~, U., Rosesr~w~, L. M., Roce~wnu, D. and Lewis, J. H. (Central Blood Bank and Deparhntnt of Medidne, University of Pittsburgh and Montefiero Haapitan . DIC-11~co syndrome attar enveaomation by the snake, Crotalrv horridua horridas. New i~ql. J. Med. 292, 305 (1975) . A vovxa adult male bitten by a captive timber rattlesnake developed massive local swelling and numerous petxhise and eec>~ynloses. The Brat blood sample was incoagulable ; there was profound thrombocytopenia with hypofibrinogenemia. High titers of fibrin split products were demonstrated by immonoelectrophoresfs, staphyloooocal clumping, and other tests. There was no evidence that thrombin formation was definitely involved . Treatment included antivenin (9 units), heparin, steroids, and antibiotics. Although general impmvemmt was evident by tl~ fourth day after igjury, fibrinogen levels remained low until the aeveath day and platelets wem not at a normal level until the 14th day. Local scarring and naansia wero minimal. Timber rattlesnake venom ire vitro had thrombin-L7~a activity that was inhibited by antivenin but not by heparin. It has long been reoogaiud that ooagulopathies occur is severe envenomation by snakes of many species as well as eavenomation by e~tain spiders, scorpions, and caterpillars ; however, the mect,a ., ;~*++a involved were inadequately understood until reaatly. This paper illustrates the value of careful laboratory studies on clinical cease of enveaomation . S.A.M . Kxex, Z. H., L~t1, F. A., Au, Z. and Z~rot, S. T. A. (Biological Products Division, National Health Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan)" Chromatographic fractionation of F .clda carüurtua venom with special rrâel+eax to biological activities. Jap. l. reed. Sd. Biol. 27, Z73 (1974). Col.vesa chromatography on CM~ellulose showed five peaks, and six pooled fractions, numbered in dascr~ding order of eeoovay, were collected and tested for proteolytic, hemorrha8ic and lethal activities. All were protelytic. Fractions II sad III wars slightly hemorrhagk butmost of this activity was foundin fiactiona I and IV, the only lethal fractions. Relatives to protein contest, the hemorrhagic activity wss highest in fraction I, whereas thelethal activity was of the same order in fraction I and theleases fraction IV . P.A.C . Owr~Y, C. L., KAn~t, R. A. and Tv, A. T. (Dept. of Anatomy and Biochemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Colline, Colorado). Pathogoneaia of hemorrhages induxd by rattlesnake venom. An electron microscopic study. Ana. J. Patb . 76, 401114 (1974) . Usn~ci hemorrhages and myonaxosia ere a definition of tissue damage, the authors have conducted a light and electron microscopic study of the morphological changes following fntramuscular igjxtion of Crotalrv atrex venom in white mice . Tisauee wero sampled 2 min, 30 min, and 3 hr attar igjoction. Morphological changes begin with dilatation of the perinuclear apex and endoplasmic retiailum of the endothelial cells 483 711DXICON 197J Yo1. I3