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Law
Public Relations Review, 23 (PK Ribliogrqh~):
<:opyght
119-12X
R‘, lYY7 hy JAI Prca\ Inc.
All rights ofrcproduct~m m my ti~rm rcwwd.
ISSN: 0363.8111
Law JOURNALS Alderman, Ellen; Kennedy, pages) Mar 1996.
Caroline.
“Privacy,” Across the Board v33n3
p32 (4
Summnrizes recent court rulings regarding privacy in the workplace, especially off-duty behavior and electronic surveillance. Finds little consistancy, but recommends avoidance behavior to save court costs.
Arnst, Catherine; others. “Telecom’s pages) Apr 8, 1996.
New Age,” Business Week n3470
p63 (15
Presents R special report to define potenti‘xl winners and losers in the Telecommunications Act to free up broadcasters, cable and network television operators, and telephone companies to free-for-all competition.
Arnst, Catherine; Mandel, Michael. n3470 p64 (3 pages) Apr 8,1996. Describes a $1 trillion 1996. Traces the long the free market access 54,000 despite general
“The Coming
Telescramble,”
Business Week
digital free-for-all resulting from the Telecommunications Act of rodd from FCC’s control over a lifetime of broadcast regulation to provided by the Telecommunications Act. Points to rise in jobs up industry downsizing.
Bunker, Matthew D. “Have it Your Way? Public Records Law and Computerized Government Information,” Journalism 0 Mass Communication Quarterly v73nl p90 (12 pages) Spr 1996. Examines the law on access to public records in computers pace with the transfer of data from paper to computers.
to learn if the laws have kept
Burke, Terri. “Residuals Redux: Publishers’ Insistence About Ownership Freelancers Pause in their Work,” Quill v84n2 p20 (3 pages) Mar 1996.
Gives
Reports the continuing struggle of freeLmce writers and publishers over who owns the work after it is sold for first use and what kind of compensation should a writer receive for reuse, especially in CD-ROMs or online.
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119
“Courtroom 1996.
Cameras Debated,” Editor &l’ublishev v129n7
pl 1 (4 pages) Feb 17,
l)ebdtes the pros xd cons of cw~er~s in the courtroom from the extreme of creating .I circus ~~tmosphere dnd encouraging grxdstding to giving viewers importxlt lessons in dcmocrxy and Amcricx~ justice. Includes d historical perspective th,lt urneras cxrv out the constinnional m.datc for public trids.
Cross. Al. “Freedom of Information Act Gains New Users in America’s rooms,” Quill v84n2 p39 (1 page) Mar 1996.
Board-
Updxes use of E‘reedom of Inform,xion Act (FOIA) by the me&~, business groups, wcl indi\~iduals, Gives examples of how the Act is used to g‘lin business xxi govc‘rnmcnt inform.~tion from presidentid hopefuls to J,~pmese x~~b~wsadors. Finds FOIA requests from business eqd to requests from the media. Keports the work of busincsscs est& lished to Ocilitatc FOIA requests .mcl Project Watchdog that trxks requests.
Dalglish, Lucy. “However Ugly, Public Must See It: Gavel-to-Gavel Vital,“Quill v84n8 p26 (2 pages) Ott 1996.
Coverage
,M,~kes .I C~SCfor galdto-g~lvcl co~er.~ge by cdmerds in the courtroom. l>escribes the most technologically ,dV.mccd court house in the United Stdtes in fcdcr,d building in Minnc.lpolis. Points to d series of trenches three feet apxt to permit c,tble ,Ind electricd connections nithin three feet of dnv point in the courtroom.
Charles N.; others. “Constant (2 pages) Ott 1996.
Davis,
Fight for State Records,”
Quill v84n8
~50
,I Tcs,u fxher’s lxttlc for dS~ughter’s school file, x g@cd ofproblems fmncl in distructs. Reports d surveys of more thdn 1,000 stxe Lund locd prosecutors in 21 states. Rel~eds prosecutors rdr~ly, if ever, enforce stdte open meetings I.~ws. Relie\w b,lttles for ~cccss to recorcis could bc tougher.
Recounts
I~JII\~school
Engleman, Linda J. “Good May 1996.
Vibrations,”
Intemet
World v7n4
~118
(3 pages)
Kcco~nmends uscrs on the Intcrnct t,lkc d~antqc of the opportunity to mdke their voices heard on ‘1variey ofimportxlt issues. Challenges users to use this medium for the grcdtcr good rxhcr thdii for selt‘- indulgence of random expression oflittle value. Finds it .m importxx medium for promoting nonprofit organiz,ltions ud worthy LNISC‘S,including disseminating photographs of missing children.
Feinberg, Lotte Ott 1996.
E. “The Day LBJ
Signed
FOIA,”
Quill v84n8
pl3
(3 pages)
Recounts the day thx President Johnson signed the Freedom ofInt?xm~iot~ Act on Jul> 4, 1966. Contends the signific‘mce of the holi&y LVX all the fLGre the signing needed to pro\& ~NX~SSto public records.
Feola, Christopher
J. “Freedom
for All,” Quill v84n8
p77 (2 pages) Ott 1996.
MCntains thx public records c.ln become too public with ~~ccss to the Internet. Relieves privcuz\~ is in illusion in the Age of Inform~~tion. Cites examples such x c.~y XC~SS to public. records by sophisticated d,itd-mining compuics from hotel registrations, loun applications, or credit cvd~idtions.
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Feola, Christopher J. “Obscenity and On-line Paper: Expletive Deleted?,” Quill v84n5 p14 (4 pages) Jun 1996. Reports the decision of a Texas judge who joins in challenging the Communications Decency Act passed by Congress on grounds of abridging the constitutional guarantee of a free and unfettered press. Finds special rules made for the Internet than for conventional print media. Expects decision to reach the U.S. Supreme Court. Fritzpatrick,
v22nl
Kathy R. “Public Relations pl (8 pages) Spr 1996.
and the Law,” Public Relations Review
Surveys PRSA members to show that public relations professionals are only somewhat familiar with the law in the areas of commercial speech, contracts, investor relations, copyright, privacy, libel, and a host of other laws that can impact on public relations actions and decisions. Contends little or no familiarity with important legal issues can put public relations practitioners and their clients at risk in legal liability.
Freedman, Eric. “Publishers Get Costly Schooling in Fair Use,” F&o: the Magazine forMagazineManagement v25n9 ~18 (1 page) Jun 1, 1996. Describes the impact of a 6th District U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals decision to allow use of copyrighted materials in course packs under a fair use provision of the copyright law. Reports 55 percent of course packs are involved. Plans U.S. Supreme Court ruling. Charles. “Alar Report Right from the Start, But You’d Never Know It,” Public Relations Quatier v41n2 p9 (5 pages) Sum 1996.
Fulwood,
Reviews the Ninth Circuit U.S. Appeals Court decision to dismiss a suit brought against CBS by, apple growers claiming that a 60 Minutes broadcast warning of the potential health risks from the chemical Alar was false. Contends the landmark ruling was a victor?; for the first amendment and the public’s right to know about health risks.
Garvin, Anthony 0. “The 12 Commandments of Environmental Industy Week v245n7 p12 (2 pages) Apr 1,1996.
Compliance,”
Explains how companies can t-urn environmental compliance from a minus to a plus by combining responsibility with that of health and safety, and launching an environmental training program to include health and safety.
Geiman, Steve. “Journalism vs. Co~~~s,“Quill v83n6 p30 (1 page) Jul-Aug 1996. Lists 10 recommendations made by journalists, jurists, and attorneys attending a conference of the National Judicial College in Reno, Nevada. Names among recommendations the burden of proof for closure to court proceedings and to seek other remedies in lieu of gag orders on the media to obtain justice.
Glazier, Cynthia. “Journalists Can Be Obstacles to Access in the Courtroom; Must Put Aside Competition,“QuilZ v84n8 p23 (2 pages) Ott 1996.
We
Credits Court TV nerwork for exposing more Americans to the judicial branch of government in the last five years than ever before. Blames a divided, highly competitive news media and a threatened legal establishment for keeping more courtroom doors closed to public scrutiny than are open.
Godwin, Mike. “Call to Arms,” Intevnet World v7n4 ~104
(3 pages) May 1996.
Describes battle strategy for combating the Communication Decency Act. Blames support of the Act on unfamiliarity of the Congress with the Internet as a powerful agent of
I’)07
121
free expression. More about the subject qqxxs sdinc issue of Internet World.
in
7bo
Little, 7‘00 Late, pge
110, in the
Grimes, Tom; Drechsel, Robert. “Word-Picture Juxtaposition, Schema, and Defamation in Television News,” Journalism C? Mass Communication Quarterly v73nl ~169 (12 pages) Spr 1996. Finds television news coverqqc with its conibin.1tion of voice-over and vi&o is pxticulady vulnerable to claims that juxtqxxition has created unintended defx~~atory Inewing. Finds th,lt viewer gender and t-xc con be used to help determine whether would-be libel plaintXs cdn pl~msibly claim to h,lve been def2med.
“Hall of Fame: Ott 1996.
24 Named
for their FOIA
Roles,” Quill v84n8
p16 (3 pages)
lieports .i cdnipign by a coalition of media organizations to ndme d Freedom of Inform,ltion Hall of Fame to honor those who h.ive Id the fight for the Freedom of 1nform.v tion Act, signed into law on July 4, 1966. Includes Harold I>. Cross, \vho is credited with being the author of the Lmguage of the la\v.
Hernandez, Debra Gersh. “A Wave of Protests,” Editor &Publisher (2 pages) Feb 17, 1996.
~129117 p15
Reports telecommunications ldn~‘s ban on indcccnc\ spurs lawsuits. Finds protests run the gamut from filing legal ch,~llcngcs to employing obscenities to defy the law on-line. Points to dx~s~s such JS J provision that bws o&line discussion of,&rtion.
Hernandez. Debra Gersh. “Postal Reform ~1291130 p17 (2 pages Jul 27, 1996.
Process
Begins,”
Editor & Publishes
Kcports move in Congress to restructure the U.S. Postal Scnice. Includes ofliering volume discounts, mxket new products, md flesibiliv in dcttmnining postd rates.
Hopkins, W. Wat. “The Supreme Court Defines the Marketplace of Ideas,” Jowwalism dw Mass Comma&cation Quarterly v73nl p40 (12 pages) Spr 1996. Reports the U.S. Suprcmc Court IISC’Sthe nxwketplxe of idas mewphorc in resolving free-esprcssion c.~ses. Also find the Court dots not rccognizc J single univcrsul nurkctplace of i&a, but numerous milli-117arkctpl,lces, each with its own dvnamics, pxxncters, regulatory schenic aid ddience.
“How to File FOIA
Request,”
Quill v84n8 ~48 (2 pages) Ott 1996.
F.sccrp f~-om d pi& published by the Freedom of Informntion <3xringhouse to offer J step-bv-step method for filing ‘1 quest fix infornution under the Freedom of Information Act of 1966. Kcprociuces ‘1 File Request Letter ad FOIA Apped Letter. Cites nine cxccptions. See more on the topic on pges 52 to 76 in the same issue of the mapzinc. Includes ,I state-bv-st.Xe and region-b\,-region report of the sucwsscs and fdures of the past vex in getting xccss to public records.
Howard, William L. ‘LWe l’ursue Different Objectives Compatible," Quill v84n8 p24 (3 pages) Ott 1996.
. . They Aren’t Always
Relwrts J distrust of the nc\vs medi.~ by the judiciary, due in part to loss of control of infi,rnution. I’ro\idcs J rediw cheek on the reasons for the distrust. Argues for recogniz-
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ing and understanding
different
motives
and objectives
of the media and the judiciary,
and a mutual respect and search for common ground. Jensen, Robert. “Journalists and the Overtime Provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act,” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly v73n2 ~417 (10 pages) Sum 1996. Reports d recent Case law decision regarding the professional classification of journalists which would exempt them from overtime pay. Suggests a more detailed examink)n is needed to define a professional. Johnson, J.T. “Compensation lishers Seek Broader Role (2 pages) Mar 1996.
vs. Copyright Critical Issue in Cyberspace: Pubin Reaping On-line Royalties,” Q&Z v84n2 p18
Finds the rapid shift from journalism delivered locally to electrons bouncing around the globe requires restructuring copyright laws. Sees the fast-paced communications technology making it difficult to maintain copyright control. Shows what is being done to keep technology from violating old copyright laws that do not fit new delivery systems.
Kirtley, Jane. “Doing the Public’s Review p44 (1 page) May 1996.
Business
in the Dark,” American Jownalism
Comments on a judge’s decision in Louisiana to permit a school board to hold executive sessions and an appeals court overruling the decision. Laments the board’s desire to keep from the public the board’s addressing such issues as pupil assignment, busing, and funding specific schools and programs.
Kirtley, Jane. “Hazel O’Leary: ~58 (1 page) Jan-Feb 1996.
Carma Chameleon,”
American Journalism Review
Contends news organizations’ alleged excesses in invading individual privacy pale in comparison to those of law enforcement officials. Illustrates point with Department of Energy hiring a private investigation company to monitor and analyze news coverage of the agency and rate reporters as “enemies,” along with other examples.
Lesly, Elizabeth. “A Landmark Victory: Freedom to Publish is Upheld Appeals Court,” Business Week n3467 p40 (1 page) Mar 18, 1996. Lauds higher court ruling overturning lower court’s ban on publishing from a suit between Procter & Gamble and Banker’s Trust Co.
“Litigation
Explosion
Continues,”
by
sealed documents
HR Focus v73n6 p9 (1 page) Jun 1996.
Cites statistics to show employee suits against their employers are rising dramatically. Points to 63 percent of companies being sued in 1995, up from 57 percent the previous year. Reports 92 percent are sexylal harassment suits up from 62 percent; alleged race discrimination and age are Nos. 2 and 3.
Lystad, Robert D. “JFK Case Puts Reporter in Court: Broadcast of Records Thought Destroyed Angers DA who Charges Contempt,” Quill v84n8 p42 (2 pages) Ott 1996. Recounts the fate of a television reporter who awaits his fate after drawing the ire of New Orleans district attorney. Charges his broadcast of a report about recently uncov-
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ered existence of decades-old John F. Kennedy.
grdnd
jury testimony
Mannix, Margaret. “It’s a Jungle Out There,” p73 (3 pages) Apr 29, 1996.
relating
to the dssassindtion
of
U.S. News & World Report v120n17
Warns users of the Internet that the courts consider the World Wide Web d miss medium, and publishers on the Net xe subject to the same Idars of libel xxi defanation as any other publisher.
Marquand, Ian. “Coverage in Courtrooms v84n9 p20 (1 page) Nov 1996.
Age-old
Issue
for Judges,”
Quill
Presents the pros md cons of c.m~erx in the courtroom. Agrees th3t many judges see because it an expose bad judges themselves ‘1s having the most to lose from amera, and hold others up to public scrutin) .md criticism. Also believes defe~~se attorneys xcount for 75 percent of the xlti-caiiera sentiment. Asserts it cm expose clients &i turn of camera-shy witnesses.
Mauro, Tony. 1996.
“News Media Ducking
Fights,” Quill v84n8
p30
(3 pages) Ott
Reports the U.S. Supreme Court has spoken often xxi with relative unanimitv to cmbrxe first a~~endment values of free expression d cowrage oftrids. Reweds total or partid victories in all five major First Amendment decisions in the court session ending July 1, 1996. Cites high potential costs of bringing suits to the court limit the number of cases and provide incentives for negotiated settlements. Recaps the major First Amendment decisions of the U.S. Suprcmc Court in the last term.
McMasters,
Paul. “FOIA,
It’s Always There,“Quill
v84n8 p10 (3 pages) Ott 1996.
Tracks the histoT of the Freedom of Informxion Act 30 years Ixer. Concludes it is debated, disliked, sometimes scorned, but remains ds a cornerstone of open government. Contends the law creates ‘1legal presumption of openness and xcountability, even n-hen it is not being used.
Miller, William H. “Clean-air Apr 1, 1996.
Confbion,”
Industty Week v245n7
pll
(4 pages)
Describes problems with complying with the Clean Air Act of 1990. Finds main hcadache is in the d&y in getting operating permits.
Niederpruem, Kyle E. “Decisive Ruling Chooses Speech Over Censorship: Judges Find Net Demands Strong Rights Protection,” Quill v84n6 ~52 (1 page) Jul-Aug 1996. Expresses the author’s gratitude to three Philadrlphi~~ Court appeals jurists for de&ring the Communications Decency Act applied to Internet speech is unconstinltiolinl. Concludes the Internet mav be fiirly regded as ‘1 never-ending \vorldwide conversaion, md the government mav not interfere with conversxion.
Niederpruem, Kyle E. “Driver Act Now State Fight: 1994 Federal Law to Close Records, Moved Access Efforts into 50 Arenas,” Quill v84n8 p45 (4 pages) Ott 1996. Reports mation
124
several states have approved opt-out lavs that ~~llow motorists to decide if infortheir drivers licenses should remain confidentid. Cites opt-out laws a method
on
\'oI.23
for overuling the provisions of the Driver’s Privq points of the law, and a model opt-out proviso.
Protection Act of 1994. Names key
Niederpruem, Price,“Quill
Kyle E. “Officials Who Ignore Openness Statutes Rarely Pay the v84n7 p30 (1 page) Sep 1996. Calls for an overhaul of sunshine laws in most states. Reports studies that find more than
two-thirds of the nation’s prosecutors tive states’ open meetings laws.
have never tried a case of violation
of their respec-
Notebaert, Richard C. “Crafting the Competitive Code: How the FCC Can Vital Speeches of the Day v62n14 ~445 (2 Achieve its Congressional Mandate,” pages) May 1, 1996. Describes the impact of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 on Ameritech Corp. Likens the Act to letting the market control
the future of electronic
communication.
Pivec, Mary E.; Robbins, Howard Z. “Employee Involvement Remains Controversial,” HRMagazine on Human Resource Management v41nllp145 (6 pages) Nov 1996. Describes the legal implic‘nions and liabilities to employers when employees participate in decisions that may be the basis of lawsuits. Also points to special problems when unionized workers are involved. Cites recent relevant decisions and evidence of problems that can occur.
Pouliot, Janine S. “Rising Complaints of Religious Bias,” Business & Economic Review v42n2 p36 (2 pages) Jan-Mar 1996. Provides advice of legal experts on how employ-s can stay clear of charges of religious bias. Recommends posting religious observances.
for volunteers
to replace those who want time ofF for their
Quittner, Joshua. “Free Speech for the Net: A Panel of Federal Judges Overturns the Communications Decency Act,” Time v147n26 p56 (2 pages) Jun 24,1996. Asserts the federal appeals court u’ent tilrther than civil libertxians ever dreamed to declare the Internet J. medium of historic importance, d profoundly democratic chxmel for communication that should be nurtured, not stifled. Ryniec, Tracey S. “Prisoner Access Just Gets Tougher,“Qzzill v84n8 p37 (5 pages) Ott 1996. Reports prosecutorial gxekeepers are shutting doors across the nation. Reports their fear that the media will transform convicts into celebrities, and give them soap boxes to air their views and grievances. Places partial blame on the media for writing protiles and human interest stories instead of focusing on the issues. Cites states \krhere access is under fire. Includes California where the experience with O.J. Simpson has led to fear by prison officials.
Schachner, Michael. “Employment Law Knowledge Key to Avoiding Litigation,” Business Instance v30n19 ~51 (1 page) May 6, 1996. Recommends that the entire organization should know the major laws that regulate employment practices And What can happen to companies that violxe them to control finan-
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cial ,und public relxions damage. Names ,ISfirst step in educxion to explain to dll supenisors the Idws and perils of nolicotlipliance, cspcci& c0st of no limits on punitive damages.
Simons, John. “Free Speech Breaks Loose in Cyberspace: Court Unchains the Internet Industry,” U.S. News & Wovld Report v120n5 page) Jun 14, 1996.
Ruling p57 (1
Reports the decision of ‘1 federal appeals cxxlrt to overtllrn the C:ommunic.~tio~ls l)rcency Act of 1996 that made it criminal to pllt “indecent” or “patently ofensive” materi.xl on the World Wide Net, \vhere minors xe &lc to click cxlto it. Finds the st.mltc looselv Lvritten so th,lt it &o crimin~lizes frxlk discussions on sexuallv trdnsmitted disc&s or breast cxxxr. Also reported in other ne~vs magxzincs of this time period.
Trousdale, Stephen R. “Online World Heating ests,“Quill v84n9 p27 (1 page) Nov 1996.
Clash of Private,
Public
Inter-
Keprts criticism of Lesis-Nexis for ,I database that markets allegedly private inform,ltion to the le,oal community initi& comxining social securiF numbers. Also cites other vendors for listing Lmlisted so&l securiw numbers in their d,ltalxses.
Truitt, Rosalind C. “The Case for Commercial (3 pages) Mar 1996.
Speech,”
Pwsstime vlSn3
p29
?r,iyks’ 24 commercial speech decision5 by the U.S. Supremr Court in 23 years. Finds, for the most prt, court rulings ha\~ strengthened commerci~~l speech protection, culminating with A unwirnous 1995 decision to strike restrictions on alcoholcontent I&Is for beer bottles. Writes nxxc on the subject in the JUIK issue of the mq@xz, pqe 24.
“TV Cameras in State Courts,”
Quill v84n8
~28 (2 pages) Ott 1996.
xnd rules governing Presents d chart rcvcaling nlles xxi guidelines stxe-hy-state, eras in fedcrAl courts. Reports Mississippi ,lnd So& Dakot,i only states bxming vision camerx.
Upshaw,
Jim.
“Oregon
Forest
Fire
Sparks
Media-Government
C.UIItele-
Blaze,”
Quill
~84118 p8 (1 page) Ott 1996. Kccounts dn Oregon nc~rspper’s Id\vsuit against the federal govcrnmcnt regdrding infringement of the constitutional rights of A reporter and photographer to cover .I federdl raid on dn anti-logging cnc,m~pment.
Ward, Mike. “How Ott 1996.
Citizens Make the Act Work,” Quill v84n8
p19
(4 pages)
Reports USCof the Freedom of Infornution law by non-journalists who seek government infornution for J variety of rcxons ,md purposes. Reports xtempts state-by-state, the sllccessec, f.iilures, md tile partial successes xid Mures. Zaharoff,
Howard
G. “Questions
and Answers
about
Copyright,”
Writer’s Digest
p24 (2 pages) May 1996. Describes
126
in precise, lay terms v’hx is protected
by copyright
Iavs and l\hdt is not.
\‘<)I. 23
PR Bibliopraply
BOOKS Brock, Gerald W.; Rosston, Gregory L, Editors. The Internet and Telecommunications Policy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1996. 320~~. Contains selected papers from the 1995 Telecommunications Policy and Research Conference. Deals with the complex policy problems that can arise when prior separate segments of the telecommunications industry are integrated.
Bunker, Matthew D. Justice and the Media: Reconciling Fair Trials and a Free Press. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1997. 200~~. Reflects the fragility and resiliency of the first amendment right of free expression in media coverage of trials and alleged interference with the system of justice. Examines how the U.S. Supreme Court has dealt with problems of restrictions on media coverqe of trials, and how the lower courts have c,lrried out Supreme Court decisions.
G illmore, Donald M.; others. Fundamentals Minn.: West Publishing Co. 1996, 428~~.
of Communication
Law. St. Paul,
Offers A general interest overview of communication law in the settings of recent issues and cases. Features 13 chapters covering libel, privacy, journalist’s privilege, obscenity, ,Iccess to court proceedings and govcrnmcnt inform&~n; advertising, electronic medid, and intellectual properv. Includes chapter- long discussions of c~cccss, ,untitrust law, media monopoly, diversity, and the student press.
Jung, Donald J. The Federal Communications Commission, The Broadcast Indw@, and the Fairness Doctrine: 1981-l 987. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. 1996. 196~~. Presents in institutional history of the Federal Communications Commission benveen 1981 and 1987, as it systematically positioned itself’ to eliminate enforcing the Fairness Doctrine. Rascs the brief history on documentary research aid inteniews. Organizes the mclterial in seven major sections from the Introduction through nnAvsis ,md conclusions.
Moore, Roy L. Advertising and Public Relations Law. Mahwah, Erlbaum Associates. 1997. 568~~. Examines and .malyzes laws regulating cornmet& speech, anendment protection by the courts. DemonstrAta how, issues lation of advertising and public relations speech when they expression protection. Describes the different Icvels of first court-documented tests, and non-content-bdsed restrictions on
NJ:
Lawrence
uhich is not given first .md ideas &ct the reguare seen .IS outside free amendment protection, f’ree espression.
Pring, George W.; Canan, Penelope. SLAPPs: Getting Sued for Speaking Out. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1996. 279~~. Reviews the record of many \hho exercise their constitutional right to spedk out to redress their grievances become victims of strcq$c lawsuits against public participdtion (SLAPI’s). Contends thousands of Americans are being sued for exrrcising their right to speak out on public issues. Analyzes the effect of anti-SLAPP statutes of .I few stdtes ds d solution.
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Sapronov, Walter; Poliy. Norwood,
others, Editors. Telecommunications: NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp. 1996.
Law, Regulation,
and
Examines the cfkt of the Telecommunications Law of 1988 which divested the Bell Compnies, ad other communications carriers. Finds competitors examining ways the! cdn combine and merge to service customers more efkicntlv dnd profitably, aid reduce costs of competition.
Wolfgang, Hoffmann-Riem. Regulating Media: The LicensirJg artd Supervision of Broadcasting in Six Countries. New York: Guilford Publications. 1996. 424~~. l&mines broadcnst regulxo~ principles ,uicl prdctices of six mdjor industrial ndtions. Compres and contrasts their respective impacts, the corrd~tion betxveen the principles and prxtices, and the kind and form of government.
128
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<:opyght
119-12X
R‘, lYY7 hy JAI Prca\ Inc.
All rights ofrcproduct~m m my ti~rm rcwwd.
ISSN: 0363.8111
Law JOURNALS Alderman, Ellen; Kennedy, pages) Mar 1996.
Caroline.
“Privacy,” Across the Board v33n3
p32 (4
Summnrizes recent court rulings regarding privacy in the workplace, especially off-duty behavior and electronic surveillance. Finds little consistancy, but recommends avoidance behavior to save court costs.
Arnst, Catherine; others. “Telecom’s pages) Apr 8, 1996.
New Age,” Business Week n3470
p63 (15
Presents R special report to define potenti‘xl winners and losers in the Telecommunications Act to free up broadcasters, cable and network television operators, and telephone companies to free-for-all competition.
Arnst, Catherine; Mandel, Michael. n3470 p64 (3 pages) Apr 8,1996. Describes a $1 trillion 1996. Traces the long the free market access 54,000 despite general
“The Coming
Telescramble,”
Business Week
digital free-for-all resulting from the Telecommunications Act of rodd from FCC’s control over a lifetime of broadcast regulation to provided by the Telecommunications Act. Points to rise in jobs up industry downsizing.
Bunker, Matthew D. “Have it Your Way? Public Records Law and Computerized Government Information,” Journalism 0 Mass Communication Quarterly v73nl p90 (12 pages) Spr 1996. Examines the law on access to public records in computers pace with the transfer of data from paper to computers.
to learn if the laws have kept
Burke, Terri. “Residuals Redux: Publishers’ Insistence About Ownership Freelancers Pause in their Work,” Quill v84n2 p20 (3 pages) Mar 1996.
Gives
Reports the continuing struggle of freeLmce writers and publishers over who owns the work after it is sold for first use and what kind of compensation should a writer receive for reuse, especially in CD-ROMs or online.
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119
“Courtroom 1996.
Cameras Debated,” Editor &l’ublishev v129n7
pl 1 (4 pages) Feb 17,
l)ebdtes the pros xd cons of cw~er~s in the courtroom from the extreme of creating .I circus ~~tmosphere dnd encouraging grxdstding to giving viewers importxlt lessons in dcmocrxy and Amcricx~ justice. Includes d historical perspective th,lt urneras cxrv out the constinnional m.datc for public trids.
Cross. Al. “Freedom of Information Act Gains New Users in America’s rooms,” Quill v84n2 p39 (1 page) Mar 1996.
Board-
Updxes use of E‘reedom of Inform,xion Act (FOIA) by the me&~, business groups, wcl indi\~iduals, Gives examples of how the Act is used to g‘lin business xxi govc‘rnmcnt inform.~tion from presidentid hopefuls to J,~pmese x~~b~wsadors. Finds FOIA requests from business eqd to requests from the media. Keports the work of busincsscs est& lished to Ocilitatc FOIA requests .mcl Project Watchdog that trxks requests.
Dalglish, Lucy. “However Ugly, Public Must See It: Gavel-to-Gavel Vital,“Quill v84n8 p26 (2 pages) Ott 1996.
Coverage
,M,~kes .I C~SCfor galdto-g~lvcl co~er.~ge by cdmerds in the courtroom. l>escribes the most technologically ,dV.mccd court house in the United Stdtes in fcdcr,d building in Minnc.lpolis. Points to d series of trenches three feet apxt to permit c,tble ,Ind electricd connections nithin three feet of dnv point in the courtroom.
Charles N.; others. “Constant (2 pages) Ott 1996.
Davis,
Fight for State Records,”
Quill v84n8
~50
,I Tcs,u fxher’s lxttlc for dS~ughter’s school file, x g@cd ofproblems fmncl in distructs. Reports d surveys of more thdn 1,000 stxe Lund locd prosecutors in 21 states. Rel~eds prosecutors rdr~ly, if ever, enforce stdte open meetings I.~ws. Relie\w b,lttles for ~cccss to recorcis could bc tougher.
Recounts
I~JII\~school
Engleman, Linda J. “Good May 1996.
Vibrations,”
Intemet
World v7n4
~118
(3 pages)
Kcco~nmends uscrs on the Intcrnct t,lkc d~antqc of the opportunity to mdke their voices heard on ‘1variey ofimportxlt issues. Challenges users to use this medium for the grcdtcr good rxhcr thdii for selt‘- indulgence of random expression oflittle value. Finds it .m importxx medium for promoting nonprofit organiz,ltions ud worthy LNISC‘S,including disseminating photographs of missing children.
Feinberg, Lotte Ott 1996.
E. “The Day LBJ
Signed
FOIA,”
Quill v84n8
pl3
(3 pages)
Recounts the day thx President Johnson signed the Freedom ofInt?xm~iot~ Act on Jul> 4, 1966. Contends the signific‘mce of the holi&y LVX all the fLGre the signing needed to pro\& ~NX~SSto public records.
Feola, Christopher
J. “Freedom
for All,” Quill v84n8
p77 (2 pages) Ott 1996.
MCntains thx public records c.ln become too public with ~~ccss to the Internet. Relieves privcuz\~ is in illusion in the Age of Inform~~tion. Cites examples such x c.~y XC~SS to public. records by sophisticated d,itd-mining compuics from hotel registrations, loun applications, or credit cvd~idtions.
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Feola, Christopher J. “Obscenity and On-line Paper: Expletive Deleted?,” Quill v84n5 p14 (4 pages) Jun 1996. Reports the decision of a Texas judge who joins in challenging the Communications Decency Act passed by Congress on grounds of abridging the constitutional guarantee of a free and unfettered press. Finds special rules made for the Internet than for conventional print media. Expects decision to reach the U.S. Supreme Court. Fritzpatrick,
v22nl
Kathy R. “Public Relations pl (8 pages) Spr 1996.
and the Law,” Public Relations Review
Surveys PRSA members to show that public relations professionals are only somewhat familiar with the law in the areas of commercial speech, contracts, investor relations, copyright, privacy, libel, and a host of other laws that can impact on public relations actions and decisions. Contends little or no familiarity with important legal issues can put public relations practitioners and their clients at risk in legal liability.
Freedman, Eric. “Publishers Get Costly Schooling in Fair Use,” F&o: the Magazine forMagazineManagement v25n9 ~18 (1 page) Jun 1, 1996. Describes the impact of a 6th District U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals decision to allow use of copyrighted materials in course packs under a fair use provision of the copyright law. Reports 55 percent of course packs are involved. Plans U.S. Supreme Court ruling. Charles. “Alar Report Right from the Start, But You’d Never Know It,” Public Relations Quatier v41n2 p9 (5 pages) Sum 1996.
Fulwood,
Reviews the Ninth Circuit U.S. Appeals Court decision to dismiss a suit brought against CBS by, apple growers claiming that a 60 Minutes broadcast warning of the potential health risks from the chemical Alar was false. Contends the landmark ruling was a victor?; for the first amendment and the public’s right to know about health risks.
Garvin, Anthony 0. “The 12 Commandments of Environmental Industy Week v245n7 p12 (2 pages) Apr 1,1996.
Compliance,”
Explains how companies can t-urn environmental compliance from a minus to a plus by combining responsibility with that of health and safety, and launching an environmental training program to include health and safety.
Geiman, Steve. “Journalism vs. Co~~~s,“Quill v83n6 p30 (1 page) Jul-Aug 1996. Lists 10 recommendations made by journalists, jurists, and attorneys attending a conference of the National Judicial College in Reno, Nevada. Names among recommendations the burden of proof for closure to court proceedings and to seek other remedies in lieu of gag orders on the media to obtain justice.
Glazier, Cynthia. “Journalists Can Be Obstacles to Access in the Courtroom; Must Put Aside Competition,“QuilZ v84n8 p23 (2 pages) Ott 1996.
We
Credits Court TV nerwork for exposing more Americans to the judicial branch of government in the last five years than ever before. Blames a divided, highly competitive news media and a threatened legal establishment for keeping more courtroom doors closed to public scrutiny than are open.
Godwin, Mike. “Call to Arms,” Intevnet World v7n4 ~104
(3 pages) May 1996.
Describes battle strategy for combating the Communication Decency Act. Blames support of the Act on unfamiliarity of the Congress with the Internet as a powerful agent of
I’)07
121
free expression. More about the subject qqxxs sdinc issue of Internet World.
in
7bo
Little, 7‘00 Late, pge
110, in the
Grimes, Tom; Drechsel, Robert. “Word-Picture Juxtaposition, Schema, and Defamation in Television News,” Journalism C? Mass Communication Quarterly v73nl ~169 (12 pages) Spr 1996. Finds television news coverqqc with its conibin.1tion of voice-over and vi&o is pxticulady vulnerable to claims that juxtqxxition has created unintended defx~~atory Inewing. Finds th,lt viewer gender and t-xc con be used to help determine whether would-be libel plaintXs cdn pl~msibly claim to h,lve been def2med.
“Hall of Fame: Ott 1996.
24 Named
for their FOIA
Roles,” Quill v84n8
p16 (3 pages)
lieports .i cdnipign by a coalition of media organizations to ndme d Freedom of Inform,ltion Hall of Fame to honor those who h.ive Id the fight for the Freedom of 1nform.v tion Act, signed into law on July 4, 1966. Includes Harold I>. Cross, \vho is credited with being the author of the Lmguage of the la\v.
Hernandez, Debra Gersh. “A Wave of Protests,” Editor &Publisher (2 pages) Feb 17, 1996.
~129117 p15
Reports telecommunications ldn~‘s ban on indcccnc\ spurs lawsuits. Finds protests run the gamut from filing legal ch,~llcngcs to employing obscenities to defy the law on-line. Points to dx~s~s such JS J provision that bws o&line discussion of,&rtion.
Hernandez. Debra Gersh. “Postal Reform ~1291130 p17 (2 pages Jul 27, 1996.
Process
Begins,”
Editor & Publishes
Kcports move in Congress to restructure the U.S. Postal Scnice. Includes ofliering volume discounts, mxket new products, md flesibiliv in dcttmnining postd rates.
Hopkins, W. Wat. “The Supreme Court Defines the Marketplace of Ideas,” Jowwalism dw Mass Comma&cation Quarterly v73nl p40 (12 pages) Spr 1996. Reports the U.S. Suprcmc Court IISC’Sthe nxwketplxe of idas mewphorc in resolving free-esprcssion c.~ses. Also find the Court dots not rccognizc J single univcrsul nurkctplace of i&a, but numerous milli-117arkctpl,lces, each with its own dvnamics, pxxncters, regulatory schenic aid ddience.
“How to File FOIA
Request,”
Quill v84n8 ~48 (2 pages) Ott 1996.
F.sccrp f~-om d pi& published by the Freedom of Informntion <3xringhouse to offer J step-bv-step method for filing ‘1 quest fix infornution under the Freedom of Information Act of 1966. Kcprociuces ‘1 File Request Letter ad FOIA Apped Letter. Cites nine cxccptions. See more on the topic on pges 52 to 76 in the same issue of the mapzinc. Includes ,I state-bv-st.Xe and region-b\,-region report of the sucwsscs and fdures of the past vex in getting xccss to public records.
Howard, William L. ‘LWe l’ursue Different Objectives Compatible," Quill v84n8 p24 (3 pages) Ott 1996.
. . They Aren’t Always
Relwrts J distrust of the nc\vs medi.~ by the judiciary, due in part to loss of control of infi,rnution. I’ro\idcs J rediw cheek on the reasons for the distrust. Argues for recogniz-
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ing and understanding
different
motives
and objectives
of the media and the judiciary,
and a mutual respect and search for common ground. Jensen, Robert. “Journalists and the Overtime Provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act,” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly v73n2 ~417 (10 pages) Sum 1996. Reports d recent Case law decision regarding the professional classification of journalists which would exempt them from overtime pay. Suggests a more detailed examink)n is needed to define a professional. Johnson, J.T. “Compensation lishers Seek Broader Role (2 pages) Mar 1996.
vs. Copyright Critical Issue in Cyberspace: Pubin Reaping On-line Royalties,” Q&Z v84n2 p18
Finds the rapid shift from journalism delivered locally to electrons bouncing around the globe requires restructuring copyright laws. Sees the fast-paced communications technology making it difficult to maintain copyright control. Shows what is being done to keep technology from violating old copyright laws that do not fit new delivery systems.
Kirtley, Jane. “Doing the Public’s Review p44 (1 page) May 1996.
Business
in the Dark,” American Jownalism
Comments on a judge’s decision in Louisiana to permit a school board to hold executive sessions and an appeals court overruling the decision. Laments the board’s desire to keep from the public the board’s addressing such issues as pupil assignment, busing, and funding specific schools and programs.
Kirtley, Jane. “Hazel O’Leary: ~58 (1 page) Jan-Feb 1996.
Carma Chameleon,”
American Journalism Review
Contends news organizations’ alleged excesses in invading individual privacy pale in comparison to those of law enforcement officials. Illustrates point with Department of Energy hiring a private investigation company to monitor and analyze news coverage of the agency and rate reporters as “enemies,” along with other examples.
Lesly, Elizabeth. “A Landmark Victory: Freedom to Publish is Upheld Appeals Court,” Business Week n3467 p40 (1 page) Mar 18, 1996. Lauds higher court ruling overturning lower court’s ban on publishing from a suit between Procter & Gamble and Banker’s Trust Co.
“Litigation
Explosion
Continues,”
by
sealed documents
HR Focus v73n6 p9 (1 page) Jun 1996.
Cites statistics to show employee suits against their employers are rising dramatically. Points to 63 percent of companies being sued in 1995, up from 57 percent the previous year. Reports 92 percent are sexylal harassment suits up from 62 percent; alleged race discrimination and age are Nos. 2 and 3.
Lystad, Robert D. “JFK Case Puts Reporter in Court: Broadcast of Records Thought Destroyed Angers DA who Charges Contempt,” Quill v84n8 p42 (2 pages) Ott 1996. Recounts the fate of a television reporter who awaits his fate after drawing the ire of New Orleans district attorney. Charges his broadcast of a report about recently uncov-
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123
ered existence of decades-old John F. Kennedy.
grdnd
jury testimony
Mannix, Margaret. “It’s a Jungle Out There,” p73 (3 pages) Apr 29, 1996.
relating
to the dssassindtion
of
U.S. News & World Report v120n17
Warns users of the Internet that the courts consider the World Wide Web d miss medium, and publishers on the Net xe subject to the same Idars of libel xxi defanation as any other publisher.
Marquand, Ian. “Coverage in Courtrooms v84n9 p20 (1 page) Nov 1996.
Age-old
Issue
for Judges,”
Quill
Presents the pros md cons of c.m~erx in the courtroom. Agrees th3t many judges see because it an expose bad judges themselves ‘1s having the most to lose from amera, and hold others up to public scrutin) .md criticism. Also believes defe~~se attorneys xcount for 75 percent of the xlti-caiiera sentiment. Asserts it cm expose clients &i turn of camera-shy witnesses.
Mauro, Tony. 1996.
“News Media Ducking
Fights,” Quill v84n8
p30
(3 pages) Ott
Reports the U.S. Supreme Court has spoken often xxi with relative unanimitv to cmbrxe first a~~endment values of free expression d cowrage oftrids. Reweds total or partid victories in all five major First Amendment decisions in the court session ending July 1, 1996. Cites high potential costs of bringing suits to the court limit the number of cases and provide incentives for negotiated settlements. Recaps the major First Amendment decisions of the U.S. Suprcmc Court in the last term.
McMasters,
Paul. “FOIA,
It’s Always There,“Quill
v84n8 p10 (3 pages) Ott 1996.
Tracks the histoT of the Freedom of Informxion Act 30 years Ixer. Concludes it is debated, disliked, sometimes scorned, but remains ds a cornerstone of open government. Contends the law creates ‘1legal presumption of openness and xcountability, even n-hen it is not being used.
Miller, William H. “Clean-air Apr 1, 1996.
Confbion,”
Industty Week v245n7
pll
(4 pages)
Describes problems with complying with the Clean Air Act of 1990. Finds main hcadache is in the d&y in getting operating permits.
Niederpruem, Kyle E. “Decisive Ruling Chooses Speech Over Censorship: Judges Find Net Demands Strong Rights Protection,” Quill v84n6 ~52 (1 page) Jul-Aug 1996. Expresses the author’s gratitude to three Philadrlphi~~ Court appeals jurists for de&ring the Communications Decency Act applied to Internet speech is unconstinltiolinl. Concludes the Internet mav be fiirly regded as ‘1 never-ending \vorldwide conversaion, md the government mav not interfere with conversxion.
Niederpruem, Kyle E. “Driver Act Now State Fight: 1994 Federal Law to Close Records, Moved Access Efforts into 50 Arenas,” Quill v84n8 p45 (4 pages) Ott 1996. Reports mation
124
several states have approved opt-out lavs that ~~llow motorists to decide if infortheir drivers licenses should remain confidentid. Cites opt-out laws a method
on
\'oI.23
for overuling the provisions of the Driver’s Privq points of the law, and a model opt-out proviso.
Protection Act of 1994. Names key
Niederpruem, Price,“Quill
Kyle E. “Officials Who Ignore Openness Statutes Rarely Pay the v84n7 p30 (1 page) Sep 1996. Calls for an overhaul of sunshine laws in most states. Reports studies that find more than
two-thirds of the nation’s prosecutors tive states’ open meetings laws.
have never tried a case of violation
of their respec-
Notebaert, Richard C. “Crafting the Competitive Code: How the FCC Can Vital Speeches of the Day v62n14 ~445 (2 Achieve its Congressional Mandate,” pages) May 1, 1996. Describes the impact of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 on Ameritech Corp. Likens the Act to letting the market control
the future of electronic
communication.
Pivec, Mary E.; Robbins, Howard Z. “Employee Involvement Remains Controversial,” HRMagazine on Human Resource Management v41nllp145 (6 pages) Nov 1996. Describes the legal implic‘nions and liabilities to employers when employees participate in decisions that may be the basis of lawsuits. Also points to special problems when unionized workers are involved. Cites recent relevant decisions and evidence of problems that can occur.
Pouliot, Janine S. “Rising Complaints of Religious Bias,” Business & Economic Review v42n2 p36 (2 pages) Jan-Mar 1996. Provides advice of legal experts on how employ-s can stay clear of charges of religious bias. Recommends posting religious observances.
for volunteers
to replace those who want time ofF for their
Quittner, Joshua. “Free Speech for the Net: A Panel of Federal Judges Overturns the Communications Decency Act,” Time v147n26 p56 (2 pages) Jun 24,1996. Asserts the federal appeals court u’ent tilrther than civil libertxians ever dreamed to declare the Internet J. medium of historic importance, d profoundly democratic chxmel for communication that should be nurtured, not stifled. Ryniec, Tracey S. “Prisoner Access Just Gets Tougher,“Qzzill v84n8 p37 (5 pages) Ott 1996. Reports prosecutorial gxekeepers are shutting doors across the nation. Reports their fear that the media will transform convicts into celebrities, and give them soap boxes to air their views and grievances. Places partial blame on the media for writing protiles and human interest stories instead of focusing on the issues. Cites states \krhere access is under fire. Includes California where the experience with O.J. Simpson has led to fear by prison officials.
Schachner, Michael. “Employment Law Knowledge Key to Avoiding Litigation,” Business Instance v30n19 ~51 (1 page) May 6, 1996. Recommends that the entire organization should know the major laws that regulate employment practices And What can happen to companies that violxe them to control finan-
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125
cial ,und public relxions damage. Names ,ISfirst step in educxion to explain to dll supenisors the Idws and perils of nolicotlipliance, cspcci& c0st of no limits on punitive damages.
Simons, John. “Free Speech Breaks Loose in Cyberspace: Court Unchains the Internet Industry,” U.S. News & Wovld Report v120n5 page) Jun 14, 1996.
Ruling p57 (1
Reports the decision of ‘1 federal appeals cxxlrt to overtllrn the C:ommunic.~tio~ls l)rcency Act of 1996 that made it criminal to pllt “indecent” or “patently ofensive” materi.xl on the World Wide Net, \vhere minors xe &lc to click cxlto it. Finds the st.mltc looselv Lvritten so th,lt it &o crimin~lizes frxlk discussions on sexuallv trdnsmitted disc&s or breast cxxxr. Also reported in other ne~vs magxzincs of this time period.
Trousdale, Stephen R. “Online World Heating ests,“Quill v84n9 p27 (1 page) Nov 1996.
Clash of Private,
Public
Inter-
Keprts criticism of Lesis-Nexis for ,I database that markets allegedly private inform,ltion to the le,oal community initi& comxining social securiF numbers. Also cites other vendors for listing Lmlisted so&l securiw numbers in their d,ltalxses.
Truitt, Rosalind C. “The Case for Commercial (3 pages) Mar 1996.
Speech,”
Pwsstime vlSn3
p29
?r,iyks’ 24 commercial speech decision5 by the U.S. Supremr Court in 23 years. Finds, for the most prt, court rulings ha\~ strengthened commerci~~l speech protection, culminating with A unwirnous 1995 decision to strike restrictions on alcoholcontent I&Is for beer bottles. Writes nxxc on the subject in the JUIK issue of the mq@xz, pqe 24.
“TV Cameras in State Courts,”
Quill v84n8
~28 (2 pages) Ott 1996.
xnd rules governing Presents d chart rcvcaling nlles xxi guidelines stxe-hy-state, eras in fedcrAl courts. Reports Mississippi ,lnd So& Dakot,i only states bxming vision camerx.
Upshaw,
Jim.
“Oregon
Forest
Fire
Sparks
Media-Government
C.UIItele-
Blaze,”
Quill
~84118 p8 (1 page) Ott 1996. Kccounts dn Oregon nc~rspper’s Id\vsuit against the federal govcrnmcnt regdrding infringement of the constitutional rights of A reporter and photographer to cover .I federdl raid on dn anti-logging cnc,m~pment.
Ward, Mike. “How Ott 1996.
Citizens Make the Act Work,” Quill v84n8
p19
(4 pages)
Reports USCof the Freedom of Infornution law by non-journalists who seek government infornution for J variety of rcxons ,md purposes. Reports xtempts state-by-state, the sllccessec, f.iilures, md tile partial successes xid Mures. Zaharoff,
Howard
G. “Questions
and Answers
about
Copyright,”
Writer’s Digest
p24 (2 pages) May 1996. Describes
126
in precise, lay terms v’hx is protected
by copyright
Iavs and l\hdt is not.
\‘<)I. 23
PR Bibliopraply
BOOKS Brock, Gerald W.; Rosston, Gregory L, Editors. The Internet and Telecommunications Policy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1996. 320~~. Contains selected papers from the 1995 Telecommunications Policy and Research Conference. Deals with the complex policy problems that can arise when prior separate segments of the telecommunications industry are integrated.
Bunker, Matthew D. Justice and the Media: Reconciling Fair Trials and a Free Press. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1997. 200~~. Reflects the fragility and resiliency of the first amendment right of free expression in media coverage of trials and alleged interference with the system of justice. Examines how the U.S. Supreme Court has dealt with problems of restrictions on media coverqe of trials, and how the lower courts have c,lrried out Supreme Court decisions.
G illmore, Donald M.; others. Fundamentals Minn.: West Publishing Co. 1996, 428~~.
of Communication
Law. St. Paul,
Offers A general interest overview of communication law in the settings of recent issues and cases. Features 13 chapters covering libel, privacy, journalist’s privilege, obscenity, ,Iccess to court proceedings and govcrnmcnt inform&~n; advertising, electronic medid, and intellectual properv. Includes chapter- long discussions of c~cccss, ,untitrust law, media monopoly, diversity, and the student press.
Jung, Donald J. The Federal Communications Commission, The Broadcast Indw@, and the Fairness Doctrine: 1981-l 987. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. 1996. 196~~. Presents in institutional history of the Federal Communications Commission benveen 1981 and 1987, as it systematically positioned itself’ to eliminate enforcing the Fairness Doctrine. Rascs the brief history on documentary research aid inteniews. Organizes the mclterial in seven major sections from the Introduction through nnAvsis ,md conclusions.
Moore, Roy L. Advertising and Public Relations Law. Mahwah, Erlbaum Associates. 1997. 568~~. Examines and .malyzes laws regulating cornmet& speech, anendment protection by the courts. DemonstrAta how, issues lation of advertising and public relations speech when they expression protection. Describes the different Icvels of first court-documented tests, and non-content-bdsed restrictions on
NJ:
Lawrence
uhich is not given first .md ideas &ct the reguare seen .IS outside free amendment protection, f’ree espression.
Pring, George W.; Canan, Penelope. SLAPPs: Getting Sued for Speaking Out. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1996. 279~~. Reviews the record of many \hho exercise their constitutional right to spedk out to redress their grievances become victims of strcq$c lawsuits against public participdtion (SLAPI’s). Contends thousands of Americans are being sued for exrrcising their right to speak out on public issues. Analyzes the effect of anti-SLAPP statutes of .I few stdtes ds d solution.
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Sapronov, Walter; Poliy. Norwood,
others, Editors. Telecommunications: NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp. 1996.
Law, Regulation,
and
Examines the cfkt of the Telecommunications Law of 1988 which divested the Bell Compnies, ad other communications carriers. Finds competitors examining ways the! cdn combine and merge to service customers more efkicntlv dnd profitably, aid reduce costs of competition.
Wolfgang, Hoffmann-Riem. Regulating Media: The LicensirJg artd Supervision of Broadcasting in Six Countries. New York: Guilford Publications. 1996. 424~~. l&mines broadcnst regulxo~ principles ,uicl prdctices of six mdjor industrial ndtions. Compres and contrasts their respective impacts, the corrd~tion betxveen the principles and prxtices, and the kind and form of government.
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