- Email: [email protected]
Leptin, the role in immune system of common carp
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 136S (2008) S252–S260
respectively as compared to standard inhibitor Allopurinol (0.27). The information obtained by the inhibition studies and software analysis will be useful to develop a novel drug against the treatment of gout.
S255
Huising, M.O., et al., 2006. Increased leptin expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after food intake but not after fasting or feeding to satiation. Endocrinology 147 (12), 5786–5797. MacKinnon, R., 2003. Potassium channels. FEBS Lett. 555, 62–65.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.544 IV5-P-010 References Borges, F., Borges, E., Fernandes, Roleira, R., 2002. Progress towards the discovery of XO inhibitors. Curr. Med. Chem. 9, 195–217. Martin, U., 2006. Clinical review: diagnosis and management of gout. BMJ 332, 1315–1319. Nagao, A., Seki, M., Kobayashi, H., 1999. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by flavonoids. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 63 (10), 1787–1790.
Inhibitory effect of blood glucose increase by Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan in genetic diabetic mice Soon Ah Kang 1,2,3,∗ , Sun Gyu Kim 1,2,3 , Young Yong Han 1,2,3 , Chul Cheong 1,2,3 , Ki-Hyo Jang 1,2,3 , Byung-Dae Yoon 1,2,3 , ChulHo Kim 1,2,3 1
IV5-P-008
Seoul University of Venture & Information, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Food & Nutrition, Kangwon University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea 3 Biotechnology Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, Republic of Korea
Leptin, the role in immune system of common carp
E-mail address: [email protected] (S.A. Kang).
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.543
Yiding
Wang ∗ ,
Edwin Tijhaar, Lidy van Kemenade
Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Wang). Common carp is a teleost fish species that is of importance for fish farming industry in many countries. Preventing diseases of carp is crucial for the industry and it can be achieved by vaccinations upon. Furthermore, carp belongs to the teleost fish which are low vertebrate that have developed both innate and adaptive immune systems; it therefore is a nice model to study evolution of immune system from lower to higher vertebrate. Leptin, a 16 kDa protein plays important roles on energy metabolism and immune regulation in mammals (Doyon et al., 2001). It was discovered in carp in 2006 as duplicated genes but preliminary study did not find a clear correlation between carp leptin and food intake regulation (Huising et al., 2006). To date, little is known of role of carp leptin in the immune system of carp. Recent studies have concentrated on mRNA expression levels: both leptin1 and leptin-2 are constitutively expressed in lymph organ such as thymus and spleen. What’s more, several types of cells involved in immune system were studied for leptin expressions following different stimuli (e.g. LPS and ConA). Preliminary results have indicated a role of carp leptin in the immune system. In order to study the functions of leptin, the leptin1 protein was expressed using an E. coli expression system and was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography technology. Leptin-1 was used as a stimulus in vitro. T lymphocytes, which were previously shown to be leptin receptor positive, were isolated from thymus and were incubated with recombinant leptin-1 or ConA for different time periods. The selected gene expressions (e.g. IFNgamma2, TNF, leptin receptor, leptin-1 and leptin-2) were analyzed via real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed tendencies on expressions of leptin receptor, IFN-gamma2, leptin-1 and leptin-2 mRNA but no clear effects on TNFs expressions; the results indicate the possible role of carp leptin in the immune system of common carp. Keywords: Common carp; Recombinant leptin; Immune system; T lymphocytes; Gene expression References Doyon, C., et al., 2001. Molecular evolution of leptin. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 124 (2), p188.
2
Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan is glucose homopolymer with beta1,3-glycosidic bond and dietary fiber with high viscosity and solubility(Grundy, 1998; Hong et al., 2001; Bourdon et al., 1999). This is prescribed for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effect (Causey et al., 2000; Williams, 1997). It has been known to act as an antioxidant which is relates to diabetes. Therefore, the present study examined the possible anti-diabetic effect of Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan in genetically diabetic animal model using mouse strain C57BL/6J-db/db (db/db). Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan supplementation significantly reduced the body weight, blood glucose levels, blood triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in db/db mice. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance was also improved, and this improved blood glucose control could result from enhanced insulin intensitivity, as well as increased insulin release. Immnuohistochemical study revealed that pancreatic B-cell mass was increased by Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan supplementation in db/db mice. Furthermore, blood insulin levels were increased by Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan supplementation in dose-dependent manner. The anti-inflammatory effect of Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan is associated with the induction of COX-2, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in alloxan-stimulated MIN cell. These results indicate that Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan improve diabetes though enhancement of pancreatic beta-cell and increase of insulin release. References Bourdon, I., Yokoyama, W., Davis, P., Babert, R., Richter, D., Knuckles, B., Schneeman, B.O., 1999. Postprandial lipid, glucose, inulin, and cholecystokinin responses in men fed barley pasta enriched with -glucan. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69, 55–63. Causey, J.L., Feirgat, J.M., Gallaher, D.D., Tungland, B.C., Slavin, J.L., 2000. Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids, blood glucose and the gastrointestinal environment in hypercholesterolemic men. Nutr. Res. 20 (2), 191–200. Grundy, S.M., 1998. Multifactorial causation of obesity: implications for prevention. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 67, 563S–572S. Hong, K.H., Kang, S.A., Kim, S.H., Choue, R.W., 2001. Effects of high fat diet on serum leptin and insulin level and brown adipose tissue UCP 1 expression in rats. Korean J. Nutr. 34 (8), 865–871. Williams, D.L., 1997. Overview of (1→3)--d-glucan immunobiology. Mediators Inflamm. 6, 247–253.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.545
respectively as compared to standard inhibitor Allopurinol (0.27). The information obtained by the inhibition studies and software analysis will be useful to develop a novel drug against the treatment of gout.
S255
Huising, M.O., et al., 2006. Increased leptin expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after food intake but not after fasting or feeding to satiation. Endocrinology 147 (12), 5786–5797. MacKinnon, R., 2003. Potassium channels. FEBS Lett. 555, 62–65.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.544 IV5-P-010 References Borges, F., Borges, E., Fernandes, Roleira, R., 2002. Progress towards the discovery of XO inhibitors. Curr. Med. Chem. 9, 195–217. Martin, U., 2006. Clinical review: diagnosis and management of gout. BMJ 332, 1315–1319. Nagao, A., Seki, M., Kobayashi, H., 1999. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by flavonoids. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 63 (10), 1787–1790.
Inhibitory effect of blood glucose increase by Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan in genetic diabetic mice Soon Ah Kang 1,2,3,∗ , Sun Gyu Kim 1,2,3 , Young Yong Han 1,2,3 , Chul Cheong 1,2,3 , Ki-Hyo Jang 1,2,3 , Byung-Dae Yoon 1,2,3 , ChulHo Kim 1,2,3 1
IV5-P-008
Seoul University of Venture & Information, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Food & Nutrition, Kangwon University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea 3 Biotechnology Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, Republic of Korea
Leptin, the role in immune system of common carp
E-mail address: [email protected] (S.A. Kang).
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.543
Yiding
Wang ∗ ,
Edwin Tijhaar, Lidy van Kemenade
Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Wang). Common carp is a teleost fish species that is of importance for fish farming industry in many countries. Preventing diseases of carp is crucial for the industry and it can be achieved by vaccinations upon. Furthermore, carp belongs to the teleost fish which are low vertebrate that have developed both innate and adaptive immune systems; it therefore is a nice model to study evolution of immune system from lower to higher vertebrate. Leptin, a 16 kDa protein plays important roles on energy metabolism and immune regulation in mammals (Doyon et al., 2001). It was discovered in carp in 2006 as duplicated genes but preliminary study did not find a clear correlation between carp leptin and food intake regulation (Huising et al., 2006). To date, little is known of role of carp leptin in the immune system of carp. Recent studies have concentrated on mRNA expression levels: both leptin1 and leptin-2 are constitutively expressed in lymph organ such as thymus and spleen. What’s more, several types of cells involved in immune system were studied for leptin expressions following different stimuli (e.g. LPS and ConA). Preliminary results have indicated a role of carp leptin in the immune system. In order to study the functions of leptin, the leptin1 protein was expressed using an E. coli expression system and was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography technology. Leptin-1 was used as a stimulus in vitro. T lymphocytes, which were previously shown to be leptin receptor positive, were isolated from thymus and were incubated with recombinant leptin-1 or ConA for different time periods. The selected gene expressions (e.g. IFNgamma2, TNF, leptin receptor, leptin-1 and leptin-2) were analyzed via real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed tendencies on expressions of leptin receptor, IFN-gamma2, leptin-1 and leptin-2 mRNA but no clear effects on TNFs expressions; the results indicate the possible role of carp leptin in the immune system of common carp. Keywords: Common carp; Recombinant leptin; Immune system; T lymphocytes; Gene expression References Doyon, C., et al., 2001. Molecular evolution of leptin. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 124 (2), p188.
2
Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan is glucose homopolymer with beta1,3-glycosidic bond and dietary fiber with high viscosity and solubility(Grundy, 1998; Hong et al., 2001; Bourdon et al., 1999). This is prescribed for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effect (Causey et al., 2000; Williams, 1997). It has been known to act as an antioxidant which is relates to diabetes. Therefore, the present study examined the possible anti-diabetic effect of Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan in genetically diabetic animal model using mouse strain C57BL/6J-db/db (db/db). Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan supplementation significantly reduced the body weight, blood glucose levels, blood triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in db/db mice. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance was also improved, and this improved blood glucose control could result from enhanced insulin intensitivity, as well as increased insulin release. Immnuohistochemical study revealed that pancreatic B-cell mass was increased by Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan supplementation in db/db mice. Furthermore, blood insulin levels were increased by Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan supplementation in dose-dependent manner. The anti-inflammatory effect of Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan is associated with the induction of COX-2, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in alloxan-stimulated MIN cell. These results indicate that Aureobasidum sp. beta-glucan improve diabetes though enhancement of pancreatic beta-cell and increase of insulin release. References Bourdon, I., Yokoyama, W., Davis, P., Babert, R., Richter, D., Knuckles, B., Schneeman, B.O., 1999. Postprandial lipid, glucose, inulin, and cholecystokinin responses in men fed barley pasta enriched with -glucan. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69, 55–63. Causey, J.L., Feirgat, J.M., Gallaher, D.D., Tungland, B.C., Slavin, J.L., 2000. Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids, blood glucose and the gastrointestinal environment in hypercholesterolemic men. Nutr. Res. 20 (2), 191–200. Grundy, S.M., 1998. Multifactorial causation of obesity: implications for prevention. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 67, 563S–572S. Hong, K.H., Kang, S.A., Kim, S.H., Choue, R.W., 2001. Effects of high fat diet on serum leptin and insulin level and brown adipose tissue UCP 1 expression in rats. Korean J. Nutr. 34 (8), 865–871. Williams, D.L., 1997. Overview of (1→3)--d-glucan immunobiology. Mediators Inflamm. 6, 247–253.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.545