- Email: [email protected]
Maternity and child welfare group
44
PUBLIC
U n d e r t h e h e a d i n g of c a p i t a t i o n allowance it s h o u l d be n o t e d t h a t e x p e n d i t u r e on G r o u p g r a n t s h a s i n c r e a s e d b y s w h e r e a s t h a t o n B r a n c h g r a n t s h a d decreased b y a p p r o x L m a t e l y t h e s a m e a m o u n t . T h i s is d u e to t h e f a c t t h a t it h a s h i t h e r t o b e e n t h e c u s t o m to i n c l u d e ( t h e g r a n t for t h e DenVal Officers' G r o u p u n d e r B r a n c h g r a n t s . T h i s y e a r we h a v e s h o w n t h e costs correc.tly allocated. T h e t o t a l e x p e n d i t u r e h a s increased b y s . T h e l u m p s u m p a y m e n t Of s to Miss Scotchford is s h o w n on t h e B a l a n c e S h e e t as being t a k e n fronl c a p i t a l a c c o u n t . I h a v e m a d e a n e s t i m a t e of t h e e x p e n d i t u r e likely tO be i n c u r r e d d u r i n g t h e c u r r e n t session a n d feel c o n f i d e n t t h a t t h e r e will be a s a t i s f a c t o r y r e d u c t i o n . T h e p a y m e n t of s i6s. r o d . in R a t e s will n o t recur, a n d a f u r t h e r alteration in t h e staffil~.g of t h e Central Office s h o u l d r e d u c e e x p e n d i t u r e b y s ~ , in spite of t h e r e c e n t increase in N a t i o n a l Insurance contributions. Since it h a s a l r e a d y b e e n decided to d i s c o n t i n u e t h e p u b l i c a t i o n of a Roll of M e m b e r s , t h e a m o u n t of s u n d e r t h i s h e a d i n g will n o t a p p e a r a f t e r all t h e e x p e n d i t u r e on t h e l a s t issue h a s b e e n w r i t t e n off. T h e price of p a p e r i s n o w 4 ~ per cent. lower t h a n a t t h i s t i m e last y e a r a n d t h e r e s h o u l d , therefore, be a s a v i n g of a p p r o x i mately s in t h e cost of p o s t a g e a n d special prin'cing. T h e special r e c r u i t i n g drive is n o w c o m p l e t e d a n d t h e cost of p o s t a g e a n d special p r i n t i n g in t h i s c o n n e c t i o n a m o u n t i n g to approximately s will be a v o i d e d : T h e r e d u c t i o n in t h e p e r s o n n e l of t h e G e n e r a t ~ P u r p o s e s C o m m i t t e e a n d t h e f a c t t h a t t h e r e wilt be one less m e e t i n g in t952=53 s h o u l d lead to r e d u c t i o n of t r a v e l l i n g a n d s u b s i s t e n c e e x p e n s e s of m e m b e r s by s T h e r e c e n t A n n u a l D i n n e r s h o u l d cost t h e Society a p p r o x i m a t e l y s ~ less t h a n l a s t year. L a s t l y , t h e u s e of a different p a p e r a n d cover for Public Health. a n d t h e general decrease in its price s h o u l d s a v e a b o u t s If t h e s e e s t i m a t e s p r o v e correct t h e r e will be a t o t a l r e d u c t i o n in a c t u a l e x p e n d i t u r e of L59o. So f a r as i n c o m e is c o n c e r n e d I do n o t a n t i c i p a t e a n y f u r t h e r increase in s u b s c r i p t i o n i n c o m e a t t h e p r e s e n t r a t e s a n d do n o t feel t h a t t h e t i m e is o p p o r t u n e for i n c r e a s i n g t h e s e rates. I n c o m e f r o m i n v e s t m e n t s will decrease f u r t h e r if, as s e e m s likely, we h a v e to sell securities to m e e t e x p e n s e s . There remains only the income on Journal Account. We h a v e r e c e n t l y raised t h e rates for a d v e r t i s e m e n t s , b u t n e w a d v e r t i s i n g is b e c o m i n g i n c r e a s i n g l y difficult to o b t a i n a n d I do n o t feel t h a t we s h o u l d a n t i c i p a t e a s u b s t a n t i a l increase in i n c o m e u n d e r t h i s h e a d i n g . I t does a p p e a r t h a t e v e n w i t h t h e a b o v e - m e n t i o n e d s a v i n g of s we are still a long w a y f r o m b e i n g able to m e e t e x p e n d i t u r e f r o m r e v e n u e a n d we m t r s t t h e r e f o r e seek a n 9 a d d i t i o n a l source of income. I i n t e n d , thei'efore, to r e c o m m e n d to Council t h a t t h e Society r e v e r t t o its f o r m e r practice of r u n n i n g r e f r e s h e r c o u r s e s with t h e h e l p of t h e G r o u p s w i t h a n a p p r o p r i a t e division of a n y profits arising t h e r e f r o m , t a l s o feel t h a t t h e size of t h e Council is t o o large for a Society of 2,2oo m e m b e r s a n d a considerable s a v i n g could be m a d e if t h e r e w a s a n a d j u s t m e n t of t h e B r a n c h a n d G r o u p repres e n t a t i o n . I f t h e s e t w o proposals are accepted, t h e Society w o u l d once m o r e be placed on a s o u n d financial basis. T h e Society h a s b e e n well s e r v e d d u r i n g t h e y e a r u n d e r review b y a loyal a n d h a r d - w o r k i n g staff, all of w h o m from Mr. E l l i s t o n d o w n w a r d s h a v e d e v o t e d t h e m s e l v e s wholeh e a r t e d l y to s e c u r i n g a m o r e s a t i s f a c t o r y financial position; t h i s h a s b e e n v e r y successful in r e g a r d to t h e special recruitm e n t d r i v e a n d in t h e collection of s u b s c r i p t i o n s . W e owe t~hem o u r . g r a t i t u d e . November, 1952. JAMES FENTON
REPORT
OF THE EDITOR OF "PUBLIC~zHEALTH "
Volume 65 of Public Health--t'he issues from October 1951 to September 1952 i n c l u s i v e - - h a s been produced in conditions w h i c h recslled war-time austerity. T h e " b l i t z " took the form this time of rising costs of production, largely d u e to a world shortage of the raw materials for paper. As t h e net cost of p u b l i s h i n g our j o u r n a l m u s t be kept within limits, if it is not to take too large a share of t h e Society's subscription income, t h e o n l y m e t h o d was severely to limit the size of issues. Vol. 65 therefore contained only 206 pages, an average of 17 pages per issue which h a s m e a n t a c o n t i n u o u s process of a b r i d g inent a n d compi-ession, m a k i n g your editor feel like a latter-day version of Milton's " b l i n d f u r y with t h e a b h o r r e d shears." He hopes however that, b y judicious selection, the c o n t e n t s of ~'he
HEALTH,
D e c e m b e r , 1952
j o u r n a l from m o n t h to m o n t h "have reflected the t h o u g h t s a n d activities of m e m b e r s of t h e Society. T h e economic prospects for 1952-53 are somewhat more p r o m i s i n g a n d ir s h o u l d be possible to b r i n g t h e j o u r n a l back toward,s its former dimensions. G? L. C. ELLISTON
November, 1952 SOCIETY OF MEDICAL OFFICERS OF H E A L T H NOTICES
M a t e r n i W a n d Child W e l f a r e Group A general m e e t i n g of t h e Group will be l'leld a n Saturday, December 6th, 1952, at 2.15 p.m., in t h e Old Library, B.M.A. House, Tavistock Square, L o n d o n , W.CA. Dr. G. F. Newboid, Assistant M.O. W e s t H a m C.B., will speak on " Hypnosis a n d Sug gestion in Midwifery." A genera] m e e t i n g of the Group will be held on Friday, J a n u a r y 9th, 1953, at 8 p.m., in t h e Old Library, B.M.A. House, Tavistock Square, L o n d o n , W.C.1. Dr. J. D. Kershaw, M.O.H. Colchester M.B., wilt speak on " U n i t e d N a t i o n s a n d the Welfare of the H a n d i c a p p e d . " M e m b e r s of t h e School H e a l t h Service" Group are cordially invited to a t t e n d this meeting. DR. DORISA. CRAIGMILE)
Hen. Secretar%
DR. MARY T. PATERSON,
Hen. Asst. Secretary.
COUNCIL MEETING T h e first meetifig of t h e C o u n c i l for t h e session 1952-53 was held in t h e Council C h a m b e r of t h e B . M . A . , T a v i s t o c k H o u s e , T a v i s t o c k Square, L o n d o n , W . C . ] , o n Friday, O c t o b e r 24th, 91959,, at 10 a.m. Present.--The P r e s i d e n t (Dr. A n d r e w T o p p i n g ) , t h e C h a i r m a n of Council (Dr. J. M . Gibson), D r s . W. Alcock, F. A. Belam, R. T . Bevan, W . H. Bradley, J. S. G. B u r n e t t , H. D. Chalke, H. M. C o h e n , H. K e n n e t h Cowan, C. K . C u l l e n , F. M . Day, J a m e s F e n t o n , M i r i a m Florcntin, F. Gray, K a t h l e e n M . Hart, A. S. H e b b l e t h w a i t e , C. E. H e r i n g t o n , J. H . H u d s o n , J. D. K e r s h a w , J. B. M c K i n n e y , J. M a d d i s o n , M . i M i t m a n , A. A. E. N e w t h , Prof. R. H. Parry, D r s . (3. H. Pringle, T . R u d d o c k - W e s t , H. L . Settle, M r ; J. F. A. S m y t h , L.D.S., Drs. J. A. Stirling, E. J. ( b o r d e n Wallace, W . S. W a l t o n , N o r a I. Wattle, H . C. M a u r i c e Williams, a n d J. Yule. Dr. A. V. Kelynack, A s s i s t a n t Secretary of t h e B . M . A . , also attended. Apologies for absence were received f r o m : Drs. F. (3. Brown, A. (3. Reekie, W . Woolley a n d M a j . - G e n . T . Y o u n g .
1. T h e M e m b e r s h i p
of C o u n c i l for the S e s s i o n 1952-53
(with t h e e x c e p t i o n of t h o s e m e m b e r s to be c o - o p t e d ur~der Articles 19 (d) a n d 19 ( f ) ) was reported. 2. W e l c o m e to N e w M e m b e r s . - - A hearty w e l c o m e was e x t e n d e d to n e w m e m b e r s of Council, n a m e l y : D r s . R. T . Bevan, H. L. Settle, J. H. H u d s o n a n d J. D. K e r s h a w .
on
3. T h e M i n u t e s o f the M e e t i n g o f the C o u n c i l h e l d Friday, S e p t e m b e r x9th, x952. (PUBLIC HEALTH, Sep-
tember, pages 202-204), were c o n f i r m e d a n d signed b y t h e Chairman.
4. M e d i c a l
Man-power
in W a r t i m e
( M i n . 178).--The
Executive Secretary reported t h a t a r r a n g e m e n t s were b e i n g m a d e for a m e e t i n g , w i t h representatives of t h e Local A u t h o r i t y Associations, to be h e l d s h o r t l y finally to d e t e r m i n e t h e m e m b e r ship of t h e Area R e c r u i t m e n t C o m m i t t e e s . It was h o p e d that the first m e e t i n g of t h e C o m m i t t e e s w o u l d be held very shortly. 5. B . M . A . S u b s c r i p t i o n s (Min. 185).--It was r e p o r t e d that t h e Council of t h e B . M . A . w o u l d consider r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s at its n e x t m e e t i n g for r e d u c e d rates of s u b s c r i p t i o n for ~salaried officers. 6. H e a l t h Control at Airports (Min. 199).~'It was reported that letters h a d b e e n received f r o m two m e m b e r s asking t h e Society to give f u r t h e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n to t h e regulations recently b r o u g h t into force" on t h e q u e s t i o n of H e a l t h ContrOl at Airports. T h e m e m b e r s d r e w a t t e n t i o n to t h e disquiet t h a t was felt b y m a n y m e m b e r s o n t h e q u e s t i o n of t h e tracing of contacts. It was agreed that t h e Society could do n o t h i n g in this m a t t e r as this position h a d b e e n forced on to t h e M i n i s t r y as a result of international a g r e e m e n t . T h e M i n i s t r y were, however, w a t c h Jng t h e position very closely. 7. E v a c u a t i o n o f C h i l d r e n (Min. 200).--Dr. N e w t h gave a verbal report on t h e action b e i n g taken b y t h e School H e a l t h Service G r o u p on the s u g g e s t e d code to b e u s e d to convey
PUBLIC
U n d e r t h e h e a d i n g of c a p i t a t i o n allowance it s h o u l d be n o t e d t h a t e x p e n d i t u r e on G r o u p g r a n t s h a s i n c r e a s e d b y s w h e r e a s t h a t o n B r a n c h g r a n t s h a d decreased b y a p p r o x L m a t e l y t h e s a m e a m o u n t . T h i s is d u e to t h e f a c t t h a t it h a s h i t h e r t o b e e n t h e c u s t o m to i n c l u d e ( t h e g r a n t for t h e DenVal Officers' G r o u p u n d e r B r a n c h g r a n t s . T h i s y e a r we h a v e s h o w n t h e costs correc.tly allocated. T h e t o t a l e x p e n d i t u r e h a s increased b y s . T h e l u m p s u m p a y m e n t Of s to Miss Scotchford is s h o w n on t h e B a l a n c e S h e e t as being t a k e n fronl c a p i t a l a c c o u n t . I h a v e m a d e a n e s t i m a t e of t h e e x p e n d i t u r e likely tO be i n c u r r e d d u r i n g t h e c u r r e n t session a n d feel c o n f i d e n t t h a t t h e r e will be a s a t i s f a c t o r y r e d u c t i o n . T h e p a y m e n t of s i6s. r o d . in R a t e s will n o t recur, a n d a f u r t h e r alteration in t h e staffil~.g of t h e Central Office s h o u l d r e d u c e e x p e n d i t u r e b y s ~ , in spite of t h e r e c e n t increase in N a t i o n a l Insurance contributions. Since it h a s a l r e a d y b e e n decided to d i s c o n t i n u e t h e p u b l i c a t i o n of a Roll of M e m b e r s , t h e a m o u n t of s u n d e r t h i s h e a d i n g will n o t a p p e a r a f t e r all t h e e x p e n d i t u r e on t h e l a s t issue h a s b e e n w r i t t e n off. T h e price of p a p e r i s n o w 4 ~ per cent. lower t h a n a t t h i s t i m e last y e a r a n d t h e r e s h o u l d , therefore, be a s a v i n g of a p p r o x i mately s in t h e cost of p o s t a g e a n d special prin'cing. T h e special r e c r u i t i n g drive is n o w c o m p l e t e d a n d t h e cost of p o s t a g e a n d special p r i n t i n g in t h i s c o n n e c t i o n a m o u n t i n g to approximately s will be a v o i d e d : T h e r e d u c t i o n in t h e p e r s o n n e l of t h e G e n e r a t ~ P u r p o s e s C o m m i t t e e a n d t h e f a c t t h a t t h e r e wilt be one less m e e t i n g in t952=53 s h o u l d lead to r e d u c t i o n of t r a v e l l i n g a n d s u b s i s t e n c e e x p e n s e s of m e m b e r s by s T h e r e c e n t A n n u a l D i n n e r s h o u l d cost t h e Society a p p r o x i m a t e l y s ~ less t h a n l a s t year. L a s t l y , t h e u s e of a different p a p e r a n d cover for Public Health. a n d t h e general decrease in its price s h o u l d s a v e a b o u t s If t h e s e e s t i m a t e s p r o v e correct t h e r e will be a t o t a l r e d u c t i o n in a c t u a l e x p e n d i t u r e of L59o. So f a r as i n c o m e is c o n c e r n e d I do n o t a n t i c i p a t e a n y f u r t h e r increase in s u b s c r i p t i o n i n c o m e a t t h e p r e s e n t r a t e s a n d do n o t feel t h a t t h e t i m e is o p p o r t u n e for i n c r e a s i n g t h e s e rates. I n c o m e f r o m i n v e s t m e n t s will decrease f u r t h e r if, as s e e m s likely, we h a v e to sell securities to m e e t e x p e n s e s . There remains only the income on Journal Account. We h a v e r e c e n t l y raised t h e rates for a d v e r t i s e m e n t s , b u t n e w a d v e r t i s i n g is b e c o m i n g i n c r e a s i n g l y difficult to o b t a i n a n d I do n o t feel t h a t we s h o u l d a n t i c i p a t e a s u b s t a n t i a l increase in i n c o m e u n d e r t h i s h e a d i n g . I t does a p p e a r t h a t e v e n w i t h t h e a b o v e - m e n t i o n e d s a v i n g of s we are still a long w a y f r o m b e i n g able to m e e t e x p e n d i t u r e f r o m r e v e n u e a n d we m t r s t t h e r e f o r e seek a n 9 a d d i t i o n a l source of income. I i n t e n d , thei'efore, to r e c o m m e n d to Council t h a t t h e Society r e v e r t t o its f o r m e r practice of r u n n i n g r e f r e s h e r c o u r s e s with t h e h e l p of t h e G r o u p s w i t h a n a p p r o p r i a t e division of a n y profits arising t h e r e f r o m , t a l s o feel t h a t t h e size of t h e Council is t o o large for a Society of 2,2oo m e m b e r s a n d a considerable s a v i n g could be m a d e if t h e r e w a s a n a d j u s t m e n t of t h e B r a n c h a n d G r o u p repres e n t a t i o n . I f t h e s e t w o proposals are accepted, t h e Society w o u l d once m o r e be placed on a s o u n d financial basis. T h e Society h a s b e e n well s e r v e d d u r i n g t h e y e a r u n d e r review b y a loyal a n d h a r d - w o r k i n g staff, all of w h o m from Mr. E l l i s t o n d o w n w a r d s h a v e d e v o t e d t h e m s e l v e s wholeh e a r t e d l y to s e c u r i n g a m o r e s a t i s f a c t o r y financial position; t h i s h a s b e e n v e r y successful in r e g a r d to t h e special recruitm e n t d r i v e a n d in t h e collection of s u b s c r i p t i o n s . W e owe t~hem o u r . g r a t i t u d e . November, 1952. JAMES FENTON
REPORT
OF THE EDITOR OF "PUBLIC~zHEALTH "
Volume 65 of Public Health--t'he issues from October 1951 to September 1952 i n c l u s i v e - - h a s been produced in conditions w h i c h recslled war-time austerity. T h e " b l i t z " took the form this time of rising costs of production, largely d u e to a world shortage of the raw materials for paper. As t h e net cost of p u b l i s h i n g our j o u r n a l m u s t be kept within limits, if it is not to take too large a share of t h e Society's subscription income, t h e o n l y m e t h o d was severely to limit the size of issues. Vol. 65 therefore contained only 206 pages, an average of 17 pages per issue which h a s m e a n t a c o n t i n u o u s process of a b r i d g inent a n d compi-ession, m a k i n g your editor feel like a latter-day version of Milton's " b l i n d f u r y with t h e a b h o r r e d shears." He hopes however that, b y judicious selection, the c o n t e n t s of ~'he
HEALTH,
D e c e m b e r , 1952
j o u r n a l from m o n t h to m o n t h "have reflected the t h o u g h t s a n d activities of m e m b e r s of t h e Society. T h e economic prospects for 1952-53 are somewhat more p r o m i s i n g a n d ir s h o u l d be possible to b r i n g t h e j o u r n a l back toward,s its former dimensions. G? L. C. ELLISTON
November, 1952 SOCIETY OF MEDICAL OFFICERS OF H E A L T H NOTICES
M a t e r n i W a n d Child W e l f a r e Group A general m e e t i n g of t h e Group will be l'leld a n Saturday, December 6th, 1952, at 2.15 p.m., in t h e Old Library, B.M.A. House, Tavistock Square, L o n d o n , W.CA. Dr. G. F. Newboid, Assistant M.O. W e s t H a m C.B., will speak on " Hypnosis a n d Sug gestion in Midwifery." A genera] m e e t i n g of the Group will be held on Friday, J a n u a r y 9th, 1953, at 8 p.m., in t h e Old Library, B.M.A. House, Tavistock Square, L o n d o n , W.C.1. Dr. J. D. Kershaw, M.O.H. Colchester M.B., wilt speak on " U n i t e d N a t i o n s a n d the Welfare of the H a n d i c a p p e d . " M e m b e r s of t h e School H e a l t h Service" Group are cordially invited to a t t e n d this meeting. DR. DORISA. CRAIGMILE)
Hen. Secretar%
DR. MARY T. PATERSON,
Hen. Asst. Secretary.
COUNCIL MEETING T h e first meetifig of t h e C o u n c i l for t h e session 1952-53 was held in t h e Council C h a m b e r of t h e B . M . A . , T a v i s t o c k H o u s e , T a v i s t o c k Square, L o n d o n , W . C . ] , o n Friday, O c t o b e r 24th, 91959,, at 10 a.m. Present.--The P r e s i d e n t (Dr. A n d r e w T o p p i n g ) , t h e C h a i r m a n of Council (Dr. J. M . Gibson), D r s . W. Alcock, F. A. Belam, R. T . Bevan, W . H. Bradley, J. S. G. B u r n e t t , H. D. Chalke, H. M. C o h e n , H. K e n n e t h Cowan, C. K . C u l l e n , F. M . Day, J a m e s F e n t o n , M i r i a m Florcntin, F. Gray, K a t h l e e n M . Hart, A. S. H e b b l e t h w a i t e , C. E. H e r i n g t o n , J. H . H u d s o n , J. D. K e r s h a w , J. B. M c K i n n e y , J. M a d d i s o n , M . i M i t m a n , A. A. E. N e w t h , Prof. R. H. Parry, D r s . (3. H. Pringle, T . R u d d o c k - W e s t , H. L . Settle, M r ; J. F. A. S m y t h , L.D.S., Drs. J. A. Stirling, E. J. ( b o r d e n Wallace, W . S. W a l t o n , N o r a I. Wattle, H . C. M a u r i c e Williams, a n d J. Yule. Dr. A. V. Kelynack, A s s i s t a n t Secretary of t h e B . M . A . , also attended. Apologies for absence were received f r o m : Drs. F. (3. Brown, A. (3. Reekie, W . Woolley a n d M a j . - G e n . T . Y o u n g .
1. T h e M e m b e r s h i p
of C o u n c i l for the S e s s i o n 1952-53
(with t h e e x c e p t i o n of t h o s e m e m b e r s to be c o - o p t e d ur~der Articles 19 (d) a n d 19 ( f ) ) was reported. 2. W e l c o m e to N e w M e m b e r s . - - A hearty w e l c o m e was e x t e n d e d to n e w m e m b e r s of Council, n a m e l y : D r s . R. T . Bevan, H. L. Settle, J. H. H u d s o n a n d J. D. K e r s h a w .
on
3. T h e M i n u t e s o f the M e e t i n g o f the C o u n c i l h e l d Friday, S e p t e m b e r x9th, x952. (PUBLIC HEALTH, Sep-
tember, pages 202-204), were c o n f i r m e d a n d signed b y t h e Chairman.
4. M e d i c a l
Man-power
in W a r t i m e
( M i n . 178).--The
Executive Secretary reported t h a t a r r a n g e m e n t s were b e i n g m a d e for a m e e t i n g , w i t h representatives of t h e Local A u t h o r i t y Associations, to be h e l d s h o r t l y finally to d e t e r m i n e t h e m e m b e r ship of t h e Area R e c r u i t m e n t C o m m i t t e e s . It was h o p e d that the first m e e t i n g of t h e C o m m i t t e e s w o u l d be held very shortly. 5. B . M . A . S u b s c r i p t i o n s (Min. 185).--It was r e p o r t e d that t h e Council of t h e B . M . A . w o u l d consider r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s at its n e x t m e e t i n g for r e d u c e d rates of s u b s c r i p t i o n for ~salaried officers. 6. H e a l t h Control at Airports (Min. 199).~'It was reported that letters h a d b e e n received f r o m two m e m b e r s asking t h e Society to give f u r t h e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n to t h e regulations recently b r o u g h t into force" on t h e q u e s t i o n of H e a l t h ContrOl at Airports. T h e m e m b e r s d r e w a t t e n t i o n to t h e disquiet t h a t was felt b y m a n y m e m b e r s o n t h e q u e s t i o n of t h e tracing of contacts. It was agreed that t h e Society could do n o t h i n g in this m a t t e r as this position h a d b e e n forced on to t h e M i n i s t r y as a result of international a g r e e m e n t . T h e M i n i s t r y were, however, w a t c h Jng t h e position very closely. 7. E v a c u a t i o n o f C h i l d r e n (Min. 200).--Dr. N e w t h gave a verbal report on t h e action b e i n g taken b y t h e School H e a l t h Service G r o u p on the s u g g e s t e d code to b e u s e d to convey