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Membrane interactions of HIV: Implications for pathogenesis and therapy in AIDS
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book reviews Membrane Interactions of HIV: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy in AIDS
perspectives on key problen~s. For are discussed in several chapters example, HIV/SIV entry processes and the disappointing clinical are discussed - at !east 15 chap- results are noted. Unfortunately, ters with diffezc,at conceptual and ti3ere is minimal presentation of experimental emr,hases; similar di- experimental findings which have versity (i0 chapters) ts offered in yielded insight into the basis for edited by R.C. Aloia and C.C. the presentation of ahtZ,,iral strat- this therapeutic inefficacy {insensiCurtain, John Wiley and Sons, 1992. egies targeted toward m,.'mbrane tivity of primary lily isolate~ to £147.00/$125.00 (xvii + 433 pages) processes. A drawback of th~ for- soluble CD4, relationship of CD4mat is that there is conside,,hle induced stripping of gp120 to virus ISBN 0471 56180 0 etc.). Similarly, overlap between chapters, morem, r neutralization, the index does not fully succeed there is only passing mention of Fully a decade has passed since the in directing the reader to the CD4-based or monodonal antiidentification of human immuno- most cogent discussion of specific Ou'.y-based chimeric toxins targeted to selectively kill HIVdeficiency virus IHiV) as the subjects. Overall the articles are informa- infected cells; these agents have causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). tive and stimulating, though a few received a great deal of attention Membrane interactions have been a of the reviews are rather superficial in the literature and in some cases major focus in studies of the H1V and disturbingly selective in refer- have progressed to clinical trials. life-cycle and mode of pathogenesis, encing. The review of general mem- The reader might be left with the since the membrane is the site of brane fudon mechanisms mediated mistaken impression that soluhle molecular events associated with by viral envelope glyc¢,proteins by CD4-hased therapies are dead in initial virus entry into the target Hoekstra and de Lime is especially the water; in fact we may see them cell and subsequent virion assembly thought-provoking, a~ is the over- resuscitated by the development of and release from the infected cell. v;ew of HIV morphogenesls and second-generation protocols. Also In parallel with these fundamental fine structure by Ge!ederble,':n et al. conspicuously absent is the emerginquiries, major efforts have been A major strength of this volume is ing concept of 'therapeutic vacdevoted to the development of the focus of several t hapters on the cines' designed to stimulate specific novel membrane-targeted thera- significance of lipid composition anti-HIV immune responses in peutic strategies to delay or reverse and dynamics to the viral life-cycle, individuals already infected with the immune system demise and and on the concept of lipid-based the virus. Some, but not all, of disease progression, which in- therapeutic regimens; these subjects these deficiencies can be attributed variably accompany HI\: infection. are often glossed over in favor of the to the rapid pace of developments Thus the time is ripe for publi- more fashionable focus on macro- in these fields; references go only through !991 in most chapters, cation of this volume, which molecular components. Oddly, the major weaknesses of and in some not even that far. surveys a broad spectrum of interWho would benefit from reading related themes con,.'erning mem- tbe book are in precisely those brane interactions of HIV types 1 areas highlighted in the title: patho- this book? For the specialist there and 2, and the related simian im- genesis and therapy. Considerable are numerous recent r,.wiew articles attention (at least two chapters) is which are more comprehensive and munodeficiency virus (SIV). Maior topics include virus entry given to possible mechanisms by up-to-date than those offered here. into specific target cells, morpho- which the envelope glycoprotein However, the breadth of subiects genesis and budding ef virus might mediate cytotoxicity. The surveyed in this volume should particles from infected cens," ,,,~r:-^ notion derives both from theoreti- serve to whet the appetite of structure of the mature virion, cal considerations as well as exper- students and newcomers to this composition (protein and lipid) imental results with cultured cells, exciting field. of the viral envelope and its re- and is certainly relevant to any disEdward A. Berger lationship to hc~st-cell properties, cussion of pathogenesis. Yet disapeffects of virus infection on host pointingly little attention is given to Laboratory o[ Viral Diseases, cell metabolism, mechanisms of emerging concepts of immunopathNational Institute of Allergy and virus-mediated cytoparhology, and ogenic mechanisms which inight lniectious Diseases, the development of membrane- contribute to the decline of CD4 ÷ Nattonai instittttes of l fealtb, targeted AIDS therapies. These cells ~n the body. Regarding memBuilding 4, Room 236, Betbesda, themes are presented in a medley of brane-targeted tberapeutics, there MD 20892, USA. 24 chapters of varying style and are interesting chapters on specialized studies of agents which influscope, arranged in non-systematic fashion. Roughly half are reviews ence virus membrane fluidity, lipoStudents! of important and intensely-studied somes as potential therapeutics, topics; the remainder are summaries and peptides which inhibit memYou can still subscribe to of specialized studies of the individ- brane fusion mediated by the viral Immunology Today at a 50% Soluble ual chapter authors. The advantage ev~velope glycoprotein. discount. See subscription card for details. of this eclectic format is that forms of CD4, which generated so the reader is offered alternative much excitement in the late 1980s,
Immunology Today
43
vo,. 15 No. 1 1994
book reviews Membrane Interactions of HIV: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy in AIDS
perspectives on key problen~s. For are discussed in several chapters example, HIV/SIV entry processes and the disappointing clinical are discussed - at !east 15 chap- results are noted. Unfortunately, ters with diffezc,at conceptual and ti3ere is minimal presentation of experimental emr,hases; similar di- experimental findings which have versity (i0 chapters) ts offered in yielded insight into the basis for edited by R.C. Aloia and C.C. the presentation of ahtZ,,iral strat- this therapeutic inefficacy {insensiCurtain, John Wiley and Sons, 1992. egies targeted toward m,.'mbrane tivity of primary lily isolate~ to £147.00/$125.00 (xvii + 433 pages) processes. A drawback of th~ for- soluble CD4, relationship of CD4mat is that there is conside,,hle induced stripping of gp120 to virus ISBN 0471 56180 0 etc.). Similarly, overlap between chapters, morem, r neutralization, the index does not fully succeed there is only passing mention of Fully a decade has passed since the in directing the reader to the CD4-based or monodonal antiidentification of human immuno- most cogent discussion of specific Ou'.y-based chimeric toxins targeted to selectively kill HIVdeficiency virus IHiV) as the subjects. Overall the articles are informa- infected cells; these agents have causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). tive and stimulating, though a few received a great deal of attention Membrane interactions have been a of the reviews are rather superficial in the literature and in some cases major focus in studies of the H1V and disturbingly selective in refer- have progressed to clinical trials. life-cycle and mode of pathogenesis, encing. The review of general mem- The reader might be left with the since the membrane is the site of brane fudon mechanisms mediated mistaken impression that soluhle molecular events associated with by viral envelope glyc¢,proteins by CD4-hased therapies are dead in initial virus entry into the target Hoekstra and de Lime is especially the water; in fact we may see them cell and subsequent virion assembly thought-provoking, a~ is the over- resuscitated by the development of and release from the infected cell. v;ew of HIV morphogenesls and second-generation protocols. Also In parallel with these fundamental fine structure by Ge!ederble,':n et al. conspicuously absent is the emerginquiries, major efforts have been A major strength of this volume is ing concept of 'therapeutic vacdevoted to the development of the focus of several t hapters on the cines' designed to stimulate specific novel membrane-targeted thera- significance of lipid composition anti-HIV immune responses in peutic strategies to delay or reverse and dynamics to the viral life-cycle, individuals already infected with the immune system demise and and on the concept of lipid-based the virus. Some, but not all, of disease progression, which in- therapeutic regimens; these subjects these deficiencies can be attributed variably accompany HI\: infection. are often glossed over in favor of the to the rapid pace of developments Thus the time is ripe for publi- more fashionable focus on macro- in these fields; references go only through !991 in most chapters, cation of this volume, which molecular components. Oddly, the major weaknesses of and in some not even that far. surveys a broad spectrum of interWho would benefit from reading related themes con,.'erning mem- tbe book are in precisely those brane interactions of HIV types 1 areas highlighted in the title: patho- this book? For the specialist there and 2, and the related simian im- genesis and therapy. Considerable are numerous recent r,.wiew articles attention (at least two chapters) is which are more comprehensive and munodeficiency virus (SIV). Maior topics include virus entry given to possible mechanisms by up-to-date than those offered here. into specific target cells, morpho- which the envelope glycoprotein However, the breadth of subiects genesis and budding ef virus might mediate cytotoxicity. The surveyed in this volume should particles from infected cens," ,,,~r:-^ notion derives both from theoreti- serve to whet the appetite of structure of the mature virion, cal considerations as well as exper- students and newcomers to this composition (protein and lipid) imental results with cultured cells, exciting field. of the viral envelope and its re- and is certainly relevant to any disEdward A. Berger lationship to hc~st-cell properties, cussion of pathogenesis. Yet disapeffects of virus infection on host pointingly little attention is given to Laboratory o[ Viral Diseases, cell metabolism, mechanisms of emerging concepts of immunopathNational Institute of Allergy and virus-mediated cytoparhology, and ogenic mechanisms which inight lniectious Diseases, the development of membrane- contribute to the decline of CD4 ÷ Nattonai instittttes of l fealtb, targeted AIDS therapies. These cells ~n the body. Regarding memBuilding 4, Room 236, Betbesda, themes are presented in a medley of brane-targeted tberapeutics, there MD 20892, USA. 24 chapters of varying style and are interesting chapters on specialized studies of agents which influscope, arranged in non-systematic fashion. Roughly half are reviews ence virus membrane fluidity, lipoStudents! of important and intensely-studied somes as potential therapeutics, topics; the remainder are summaries and peptides which inhibit memYou can still subscribe to of specialized studies of the individ- brane fusion mediated by the viral Immunology Today at a 50% Soluble ual chapter authors. The advantage ev~velope glycoprotein. discount. See subscription card for details. of this eclectic format is that forms of CD4, which generated so the reader is offered alternative much excitement in the late 1980s,
Immunology Today
43
vo,. 15 No. 1 1994