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Method and apparatus for making fibres
Needled fibrous resin article Ackley, R. H. (PPG Industries Inc) US Pat 3 664 909 (23 May 1972) Fibrous mats consist of unstranded filaments that are free to move relative to each other as well as in comBinations. These are resin impregnated and moulded into composites. High temperature cm-ing thermosetting decorative compositions
Kiel, R. H. and Kid, J. H. (OwensIllinois Inc) US Pat. 3 666 539 (30 May 1972) A. novel org.anic, thermosetting. . decorative compos~tmn w~th increased adhesion to glass and capable of being cured up to 2000°F without going brown or degrading is described. T h e resin consists of approximately stoichiometric proportmns of single carboxylic functional acrylic resin, a single hydroxy containing epoxy and an ambi-functional epoxy reactii/e silane to improve the adhesion permanency. Production of composites
fibre reinforced
resin
Morris, C. E. M. (ICI Ltd) US Pat. 3 666 711 (30 May 1972) T h e properties of glass fibre reinforced phenol-formaldehyde are improved by treating the glass fibre with a specified alcohol, k e t o n e , alkyl benzene' or o-aminoalkyl benzene prior to impregnation. This improves the wetting of the glass by the resin. These are particularly useful in reinforced foamed phenol-formaldehyde composites. Extruded refractory fibrous material
Teague, D. M. and Bertrand, W. F (Chrysler Corp) US Pat. 3 667 975 (6 June 1972) A refractor)' fibrous product colasists of refractory fibres coated with a lubricating layer of aluminium metahydroxide whereby the coated fibres form an injectionable and extrudable paste. Formation of high-streng~ high modulus coated filaments
Higgins, J. B. and Gatti, A. (General Electric Co) US Pat. 3 668 006 (6 ]u~ie 1972) A filament core of small diameter is heated to at least 900°C in the presence of hydrogen, methane and boron trichloride in fixed proportions to produce a strong stiff relatively large diameter filament which apart from the core consists of 21-30% of boron, essentially free from faults. It is oreferable to use a tungsten substrate of 0.001 in diameter heated to 900°C then 1200°C and in the presence of 0-605 -0.686 moles of hydrogen, 0-076-0.185 moles of methane, 0.210-0.238 moles of boron trichloride; after several minutes ilia: merits of 0.004=0.007 in diameter are achieved with properties approaching those of boron carbide.
282
COMPOSITES November 1972
Tungsten boride containing articles and products thereof
Mandineau, D. P. H. and Mourey, M. Y. C. (Ecole Nationale Sup6rieure des Mines de Paris) US Pat. 3 668 017 At June 1972) ticles preferably of filamentary form containing essentially tungsten boride have improved mechanical properties when W,B5 constitutes at least 80% of the tungsten boride content, the composite being a tungsten boride core with a boron matrix, which is preferably amorphous. High modulus boron nitride fibres
Economy, J. and Lin, R. (The Carborundum Co) US Pat. 3668059 (6 June 1972) Boron oxide fibres of maximum diameter 10t~m are heated in ammonia to produce partially nitrided fibres consisting essentially of boron. nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen where the mtrogen content is 35-55%. These are heated in an inert atmosphere to at least 1800°C and the fibres tensioned longitudinally to stop shrinkage, preferably elongated. Resultant fibres are essentially pure boron nitride with relatively high Young's modulus, these are very suitable for reinforcing plastic, ceramic or metal matrices. Moulding masses for producing fibre reinforced plastic articles, methods of preparing such moulding masses and arfides produced therefrom
Jozephus, C. H. and Helmond, V. H. (NV Koninklijke) US Pat. 3 668 117 (6 June 1972) Moulding masses are obtained by adding to a thermosetting resin (polyester or epoxy) in the liquid state a particulate filler, asbestos or .quartz powder bundled together with reinforcing fibres (glass~ of diameter 0.1-0.2 , m and a length/diameter ratio of 100500. the particle size of the filler being 5-50~tm in direct proportion to the fibre length/diameter ratio. T h e mass is subjected to local kneading then part removal and recycling part of this material to avoid excessive temperature build-up during working This is continued until the mass density is 1.5 and 80% of the bundled fibres are pulled apart to individual fibres and are uniformly dispersed.
UK PA TENTS Blade for compressor and method of fabricating said blade
(United Aircraft Corp) UK Pat. 1 269 172 (6 A p t 1972) A blade for a compressor consists of many stacked layers of closely adjaEent parallel high modulus fibres, these layers varying in length and width to give the blade configuration the fibres being embedded in a metallic ma'trix which fills the voids among the fibres. Polyester reinforced rubber articles
Moring, P. L. E. and Dagle, G. M. (Dunlop Holdings Ltd) UK Pat. 1 269 216 (6 Apr 1972) A reinforced rubber composite consists of a polyester reinforced member
coated with a rubber matrix which contains a carbodiimide which prevents degradation of the polyester. Improvements in composite panels
Sampson, V. (United Plastics Ltd) UK Pat. 1 269 244 (6 Apr 1972) A composite p a n e l consists of a core sandwiched between cladding, sheets. this is in three separate superimposed sections, the intermediate section being formed from sound insulating material, the two outer sections being secured to this material and are of cellular form each cell extends substantially across the thickness of the section each being filled With foamed plastics material. T h e intermediate layer may be glass fibre mat o r felt. These structural composites are used for doors, partitions, walls, etc. A method and apparatus for forming silicon carbide filaments
(Compagnie Fran~jais Thompson Houston-Hotchkiss Brandt) UK Pat. 1 269 540 (6.4pr 1972) Silicon carbide filaments are formed by the ~yrolitic reaction of a gaseous organosflane in contact with a tungsten wire within a reaction zone as the wire is moved through. T h e temperature of the wire is held constant to within 30°C along its length throughout the reaction zone. Method of making thermal insulation
(Owen-Corning Fiberglas Corp) UK Pat. 1 269 960 (12 Apr 1972) Thermal insulation is made by reacting and drying a moulded aqueous slurry consisting of cementitious products and reinforcing fibres to yield hydrous calcium silicate. This product is heated at 500-700°F in an autoclave, the temperature being generated by saturated steam at 225-3501bf/in' followed by conversion to super heated steam. This ensures reaction completion and a reduction in the product moisture content. Method and apparatus for the manufacture of fibres from thermoplastic material for example glass, rock, slag or organic material
(Compagnie de Saint Gobain) UK Pat. 1 270 679 (12/Ipr 1972) Fibres of thermoplastic materials are produced when one stream of molten material is fed towards and" intercepted by rotating blades, each blade carrying along with it a proportion of the molten material which travels to the outer edge of the blade by centrifugal force and leaves the blade in the form of many filaments. These are attenuated into fibres the direction of feed being transverse to the plane in which the centrifugal force acts. Method and apparatus for making fibres
Glass, J. P. (Cava Industries) UK Pat. 1 271 291 (19 A#r 1972~ An apparatus is described for simultaneously growing many whiskers or fibres, it having a chamber in which fibrous crystals are condensed from a vapour stage of fibre or whisker form-
ing material on to the tips of the fibres or whiskers of a substrate. Provision is m a d e to support the substrate so it can be withdrawn in the form of a strand and with means for electrostatically c h a r g i n g the parts of the fibres going into the chamber so these are separated and individually exposed to the vapour. Carbon, boron carbide. silicon carbide and other fibres are produced in this way. See also UK Pat. 1 271 292-4. Improvements in the treatment of glass fibres
(Fibreglass Ltd) UK Pat. 1271500 (19,4pr 1972) Glass fibres are rendered compatible with epoxy resins by coating with an epoxy resin copolymer of an unsaturated silane compound and a.n unsaturated organic monomer containing an epoxy resin reactive group. Composites are produced which show excellent water resistance and improved environmental ageing in terms of residual mechanical strength. An improved method and apparatus for the treatment of filamentary material
Zbrzezniak, J. (Morganite Rg~D Ltd] UK Pat. 1 271 502 (19 A p t 1972) A filamentary thread is maintained under tension while pyrolysed T h e thread is delivered lengthwise to be wound in spaced convolutions r o u n d a ca~e formed by three rollers the rotational axes of which are oblique to the longitudinal axis of the cage and positively rotating at least one of the rollers so as to draw the thread a r o u n d the cage in a helical path the thread convolutions extending in contact with and on the surface of each roller transversely to the rotational axis and substantially tangentially from roller to roller. Pyrolysis treatment of a material and an apparatus for producing filamentary material
Blood-Smyth, G. (Morganite RR:D Ltd) UK Pat. 1 271 503 (19 Apr 1972) A method is described of accommodating contraction and expansion while m a i n t a i n i n g longitudinal tension of filamentary material during pyrolysis. T h e material is wound on a roll ot variable circumference and applied to the reel a gravitational load tending to increase the circumference so that the contraction of the material tending to reduce the real circumference is opposed by the load and expansion of the material. This permits increase of real circumference tinder load thus maintaining the material under tension. Produclion of carbon yarns
Rulison, R. N. (Celanese Corp) UK Pat. l 271 538 (19 Apr 1972) Predominantly polyacrylonitrile yarn is converted to carbon yarn by preoxidation followed by pyrolysis, which consists of passing the yarn before the preoxidation step through a bath containing finely divided carbon the rate of travel being that it picks up
0.5-20% of its weight of the carbon and then continuously drying the yarn. Improvement in and relating to the forming of the cross-sections of seamless asbestos cement pipe
(Fulgerit-Werke Seelze und Eichriede in Luthe Bei Hannox;er Adolf Oesterheld) UK Pat. 1 271 557 (19 Apr 1972) T h e cross-section of seamless asbestos pipe is achieved by inserting into the pipe an apparatus containing many transversely movable members with ressure between each, the apparatus aving a smaller cross-section than that fihally desired. Pressure is applied to the members and the pipe exp.affded until the required cross-sectmn is realized, the asbestos cement is set and the pipe removed from the apparatus.
~
A method of treating glass fibres
(Bridgestone T i r e Kabuskiki Ka~ha) UK Pat. 1 271 699 (26 Apr 1972) A bundle of glass fibres is impregnated by immersion in resin and this is followed by continuously applying ultrasonic vibrations at 10-1000kc/s to accelerate penetration between the fibres. Epoxy resin composition and its use for the treatment of polyester fibres
(General T i r e and R u b b e r Co) UK Pat. 1 27I 883 (26 Apr 1972) A one. step aqueous, cord d i p for i/Icreasing the adhesmn of polyester fibres to r u b b e r matrices consists of: (1) a polyepoxide of functionhlity 1-5-2"5, an epoxy equivalent of 90-300 and comprising a glycidyl ether compound of an aliphatic polyol which is at least 50 wt% soluble in water; (2) containing a low molecular weight of polyamine, of molecular weight 150-600 and in an amount at least 25 wt% of the polyepoxide; and (3) rubbery polymer consisting mainly of butadiene and minor amounts of styrene and vinyl pyridine. T o t a l dip solids are 15-30 wt%. Continuous filamentary material
Morgan, P. E. and Higgins, F. .[. (Courtaulds Ltd) UK Pat. 1 271950 (26 Apr 1972) A flat and substantially uniform and stable assembly consists of substantially parallel twist-free continuous lengths of filaments composed of carbon and produced by carbonizing organic filamentary material in the form of a tape. Preparation of cyclic imides and polyimides
(Upjohn Co) UK Pat. 1 272201 (26 Apr 1972) A cyclic imide is prepared by reacting an isocyanate and an intramolecular anhydride in the presence of a catalyst of the formula M O H a n d / o r R - [ N M ] - C O N H R ' where R and R each represent hydrocarbyl material
having 1-12 carbon atoms and M is a
moeity such that the hydroxide M O H forms a urethane by reacting with the isocyanate, thus decomposing with carbon dioxide elimination at 150°C. These are useful in composite, impregnated products containing wires fabrics and cellular products and can be used in aircraft and missiles as composites. Novel fibre reinforced composites
(Monsanto Co) UK Pat. 1 272 410 (26 Apr 1972) A reinforced structure consists of a resin or ceramic material having 5-90 vol% by volume of reinforcing fibre. T h e matrix is an aromatic linear polymer with an inherent viscosity of at least 3.5 and a melting point in excess of 200°C, the fibre specific density is at least 1-37 and a single filament elongation to break (Eb) value ranging from 2-15% and a modulus in grams per denier greater than the value IO00E~-°'~ Process for the production of profiles from fibre reinforced thermosetting resins
Hendrix, H. and Muller, M. (Glanzstoff AG) UK Pat. I 272 429 (26 Apr 1972) Profiles are produced from fibre reinforced thermosetting resins containing 2 0 - 4 0 w t % synthetic fibres cut to 5-50 m m lengths and 25-50% of the resin, the remainder comprising hardeners a n d / o r fillers. This is screw extruded, the barrel being cooled and the die hot. Fibres include polyethylene terephthalate epoxy and polyesters. Improvements in or relating to composite materials
Bowen, D. H. and Sambell, g . A. J. (UKAEA) UK Pat. 1272651 (3 May 1972) A composite consists of glass reinforced with carbon fibres these having been produced by the controlled thermal and oxidative degradation ot organic fibres. These composites exhibit very good shock resistance, corrosion and fire resistance, and are mechanically stable to at least 1000°C. Applications inchfde aircraft and gas turbine blades where they replace titanium alloy. Plastic resins
Crabtree, J. D. and Grundy, K. H. (Fibreglass Lid) UK Pat. 1272765 (3 May 1972) Resin compositions consist of an unsaturated polyester plus a nonpolymeric additive consisting of a urethane prepared from an isocyanate and an unsaturated organic compound, such as a cyclo aliphatic epoxide or derivative of this epoxide with methacrylic acid. This composition filled with glass fibres is cured and results in laminates having high strength and good weathering properties.
COMPOSITES November 1972
283
Kiel, R. H. and Kid, J. H. (OwensIllinois Inc) US Pat. 3 666 539 (30 May 1972) A. novel org.anic, thermosetting. . decorative compos~tmn w~th increased adhesion to glass and capable of being cured up to 2000°F without going brown or degrading is described. T h e resin consists of approximately stoichiometric proportmns of single carboxylic functional acrylic resin, a single hydroxy containing epoxy and an ambi-functional epoxy reactii/e silane to improve the adhesion permanency. Production of composites
fibre reinforced
resin
Morris, C. E. M. (ICI Ltd) US Pat. 3 666 711 (30 May 1972) T h e properties of glass fibre reinforced phenol-formaldehyde are improved by treating the glass fibre with a specified alcohol, k e t o n e , alkyl benzene' or o-aminoalkyl benzene prior to impregnation. This improves the wetting of the glass by the resin. These are particularly useful in reinforced foamed phenol-formaldehyde composites. Extruded refractory fibrous material
Teague, D. M. and Bertrand, W. F (Chrysler Corp) US Pat. 3 667 975 (6 June 1972) A refractor)' fibrous product colasists of refractory fibres coated with a lubricating layer of aluminium metahydroxide whereby the coated fibres form an injectionable and extrudable paste. Formation of high-streng~ high modulus coated filaments
Higgins, J. B. and Gatti, A. (General Electric Co) US Pat. 3 668 006 (6 ]u~ie 1972) A filament core of small diameter is heated to at least 900°C in the presence of hydrogen, methane and boron trichloride in fixed proportions to produce a strong stiff relatively large diameter filament which apart from the core consists of 21-30% of boron, essentially free from faults. It is oreferable to use a tungsten substrate of 0.001 in diameter heated to 900°C then 1200°C and in the presence of 0-605 -0.686 moles of hydrogen, 0-076-0.185 moles of methane, 0.210-0.238 moles of boron trichloride; after several minutes ilia: merits of 0.004=0.007 in diameter are achieved with properties approaching those of boron carbide.
282
COMPOSITES November 1972
Tungsten boride containing articles and products thereof
Mandineau, D. P. H. and Mourey, M. Y. C. (Ecole Nationale Sup6rieure des Mines de Paris) US Pat. 3 668 017 At June 1972) ticles preferably of filamentary form containing essentially tungsten boride have improved mechanical properties when W,B5 constitutes at least 80% of the tungsten boride content, the composite being a tungsten boride core with a boron matrix, which is preferably amorphous. High modulus boron nitride fibres
Economy, J. and Lin, R. (The Carborundum Co) US Pat. 3668059 (6 June 1972) Boron oxide fibres of maximum diameter 10t~m are heated in ammonia to produce partially nitrided fibres consisting essentially of boron. nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen where the mtrogen content is 35-55%. These are heated in an inert atmosphere to at least 1800°C and the fibres tensioned longitudinally to stop shrinkage, preferably elongated. Resultant fibres are essentially pure boron nitride with relatively high Young's modulus, these are very suitable for reinforcing plastic, ceramic or metal matrices. Moulding masses for producing fibre reinforced plastic articles, methods of preparing such moulding masses and arfides produced therefrom
Jozephus, C. H. and Helmond, V. H. (NV Koninklijke) US Pat. 3 668 117 (6 June 1972) Moulding masses are obtained by adding to a thermosetting resin (polyester or epoxy) in the liquid state a particulate filler, asbestos or .quartz powder bundled together with reinforcing fibres (glass~ of diameter 0.1-0.2 , m and a length/diameter ratio of 100500. the particle size of the filler being 5-50~tm in direct proportion to the fibre length/diameter ratio. T h e mass is subjected to local kneading then part removal and recycling part of this material to avoid excessive temperature build-up during working This is continued until the mass density is 1.5 and 80% of the bundled fibres are pulled apart to individual fibres and are uniformly dispersed.
UK PA TENTS Blade for compressor and method of fabricating said blade
(United Aircraft Corp) UK Pat. 1 269 172 (6 A p t 1972) A blade for a compressor consists of many stacked layers of closely adjaEent parallel high modulus fibres, these layers varying in length and width to give the blade configuration the fibres being embedded in a metallic ma'trix which fills the voids among the fibres. Polyester reinforced rubber articles
Moring, P. L. E. and Dagle, G. M. (Dunlop Holdings Ltd) UK Pat. 1 269 216 (6 Apr 1972) A reinforced rubber composite consists of a polyester reinforced member
coated with a rubber matrix which contains a carbodiimide which prevents degradation of the polyester. Improvements in composite panels
Sampson, V. (United Plastics Ltd) UK Pat. 1 269 244 (6 Apr 1972) A composite p a n e l consists of a core sandwiched between cladding, sheets. this is in three separate superimposed sections, the intermediate section being formed from sound insulating material, the two outer sections being secured to this material and are of cellular form each cell extends substantially across the thickness of the section each being filled With foamed plastics material. T h e intermediate layer may be glass fibre mat o r felt. These structural composites are used for doors, partitions, walls, etc. A method and apparatus for forming silicon carbide filaments
(Compagnie Fran~jais Thompson Houston-Hotchkiss Brandt) UK Pat. 1 269 540 (6.4pr 1972) Silicon carbide filaments are formed by the ~yrolitic reaction of a gaseous organosflane in contact with a tungsten wire within a reaction zone as the wire is moved through. T h e temperature of the wire is held constant to within 30°C along its length throughout the reaction zone. Method of making thermal insulation
(Owen-Corning Fiberglas Corp) UK Pat. 1 269 960 (12 Apr 1972) Thermal insulation is made by reacting and drying a moulded aqueous slurry consisting of cementitious products and reinforcing fibres to yield hydrous calcium silicate. This product is heated at 500-700°F in an autoclave, the temperature being generated by saturated steam at 225-3501bf/in' followed by conversion to super heated steam. This ensures reaction completion and a reduction in the product moisture content. Method and apparatus for the manufacture of fibres from thermoplastic material for example glass, rock, slag or organic material
(Compagnie de Saint Gobain) UK Pat. 1 270 679 (12/Ipr 1972) Fibres of thermoplastic materials are produced when one stream of molten material is fed towards and" intercepted by rotating blades, each blade carrying along with it a proportion of the molten material which travels to the outer edge of the blade by centrifugal force and leaves the blade in the form of many filaments. These are attenuated into fibres the direction of feed being transverse to the plane in which the centrifugal force acts. Method and apparatus for making fibres
Glass, J. P. (Cava Industries) UK Pat. 1 271 291 (19 A#r 1972~ An apparatus is described for simultaneously growing many whiskers or fibres, it having a chamber in which fibrous crystals are condensed from a vapour stage of fibre or whisker form-
ing material on to the tips of the fibres or whiskers of a substrate. Provision is m a d e to support the substrate so it can be withdrawn in the form of a strand and with means for electrostatically c h a r g i n g the parts of the fibres going into the chamber so these are separated and individually exposed to the vapour. Carbon, boron carbide. silicon carbide and other fibres are produced in this way. See also UK Pat. 1 271 292-4. Improvements in the treatment of glass fibres
(Fibreglass Ltd) UK Pat. 1271500 (19,4pr 1972) Glass fibres are rendered compatible with epoxy resins by coating with an epoxy resin copolymer of an unsaturated silane compound and a.n unsaturated organic monomer containing an epoxy resin reactive group. Composites are produced which show excellent water resistance and improved environmental ageing in terms of residual mechanical strength. An improved method and apparatus for the treatment of filamentary material
Zbrzezniak, J. (Morganite Rg~D Ltd] UK Pat. 1 271 502 (19 A p t 1972) A filamentary thread is maintained under tension while pyrolysed T h e thread is delivered lengthwise to be wound in spaced convolutions r o u n d a ca~e formed by three rollers the rotational axes of which are oblique to the longitudinal axis of the cage and positively rotating at least one of the rollers so as to draw the thread a r o u n d the cage in a helical path the thread convolutions extending in contact with and on the surface of each roller transversely to the rotational axis and substantially tangentially from roller to roller. Pyrolysis treatment of a material and an apparatus for producing filamentary material
Blood-Smyth, G. (Morganite RR:D Ltd) UK Pat. 1 271 503 (19 Apr 1972) A method is described of accommodating contraction and expansion while m a i n t a i n i n g longitudinal tension of filamentary material during pyrolysis. T h e material is wound on a roll ot variable circumference and applied to the reel a gravitational load tending to increase the circumference so that the contraction of the material tending to reduce the real circumference is opposed by the load and expansion of the material. This permits increase of real circumference tinder load thus maintaining the material under tension. Produclion of carbon yarns
Rulison, R. N. (Celanese Corp) UK Pat. l 271 538 (19 Apr 1972) Predominantly polyacrylonitrile yarn is converted to carbon yarn by preoxidation followed by pyrolysis, which consists of passing the yarn before the preoxidation step through a bath containing finely divided carbon the rate of travel being that it picks up
0.5-20% of its weight of the carbon and then continuously drying the yarn. Improvement in and relating to the forming of the cross-sections of seamless asbestos cement pipe
(Fulgerit-Werke Seelze und Eichriede in Luthe Bei Hannox;er Adolf Oesterheld) UK Pat. 1 271 557 (19 Apr 1972) T h e cross-section of seamless asbestos pipe is achieved by inserting into the pipe an apparatus containing many transversely movable members with ressure between each, the apparatus aving a smaller cross-section than that fihally desired. Pressure is applied to the members and the pipe exp.affded until the required cross-sectmn is realized, the asbestos cement is set and the pipe removed from the apparatus.
~
A method of treating glass fibres
(Bridgestone T i r e Kabuskiki Ka~ha) UK Pat. 1 271 699 (26 Apr 1972) A bundle of glass fibres is impregnated by immersion in resin and this is followed by continuously applying ultrasonic vibrations at 10-1000kc/s to accelerate penetration between the fibres. Epoxy resin composition and its use for the treatment of polyester fibres
(General T i r e and R u b b e r Co) UK Pat. 1 27I 883 (26 Apr 1972) A one. step aqueous, cord d i p for i/Icreasing the adhesmn of polyester fibres to r u b b e r matrices consists of: (1) a polyepoxide of functionhlity 1-5-2"5, an epoxy equivalent of 90-300 and comprising a glycidyl ether compound of an aliphatic polyol which is at least 50 wt% soluble in water; (2) containing a low molecular weight of polyamine, of molecular weight 150-600 and in an amount at least 25 wt% of the polyepoxide; and (3) rubbery polymer consisting mainly of butadiene and minor amounts of styrene and vinyl pyridine. T o t a l dip solids are 15-30 wt%. Continuous filamentary material
Morgan, P. E. and Higgins, F. .[. (Courtaulds Ltd) UK Pat. 1 271950 (26 Apr 1972) A flat and substantially uniform and stable assembly consists of substantially parallel twist-free continuous lengths of filaments composed of carbon and produced by carbonizing organic filamentary material in the form of a tape. Preparation of cyclic imides and polyimides
(Upjohn Co) UK Pat. 1 272201 (26 Apr 1972) A cyclic imide is prepared by reacting an isocyanate and an intramolecular anhydride in the presence of a catalyst of the formula M O H a n d / o r R - [ N M ] - C O N H R ' where R and R each represent hydrocarbyl material
having 1-12 carbon atoms and M is a
moeity such that the hydroxide M O H forms a urethane by reacting with the isocyanate, thus decomposing with carbon dioxide elimination at 150°C. These are useful in composite, impregnated products containing wires fabrics and cellular products and can be used in aircraft and missiles as composites. Novel fibre reinforced composites
(Monsanto Co) UK Pat. 1 272 410 (26 Apr 1972) A reinforced structure consists of a resin or ceramic material having 5-90 vol% by volume of reinforcing fibre. T h e matrix is an aromatic linear polymer with an inherent viscosity of at least 3.5 and a melting point in excess of 200°C, the fibre specific density is at least 1-37 and a single filament elongation to break (Eb) value ranging from 2-15% and a modulus in grams per denier greater than the value IO00E~-°'~ Process for the production of profiles from fibre reinforced thermosetting resins
Hendrix, H. and Muller, M. (Glanzstoff AG) UK Pat. I 272 429 (26 Apr 1972) Profiles are produced from fibre reinforced thermosetting resins containing 2 0 - 4 0 w t % synthetic fibres cut to 5-50 m m lengths and 25-50% of the resin, the remainder comprising hardeners a n d / o r fillers. This is screw extruded, the barrel being cooled and the die hot. Fibres include polyethylene terephthalate epoxy and polyesters. Improvements in or relating to composite materials
Bowen, D. H. and Sambell, g . A. J. (UKAEA) UK Pat. 1272651 (3 May 1972) A composite consists of glass reinforced with carbon fibres these having been produced by the controlled thermal and oxidative degradation ot organic fibres. These composites exhibit very good shock resistance, corrosion and fire resistance, and are mechanically stable to at least 1000°C. Applications inchfde aircraft and gas turbine blades where they replace titanium alloy. Plastic resins
Crabtree, J. D. and Grundy, K. H. (Fibreglass Lid) UK Pat. 1272765 (3 May 1972) Resin compositions consist of an unsaturated polyester plus a nonpolymeric additive consisting of a urethane prepared from an isocyanate and an unsaturated organic compound, such as a cyclo aliphatic epoxide or derivative of this epoxide with methacrylic acid. This composition filled with glass fibres is cured and results in laminates having high strength and good weathering properties.
COMPOSITES November 1972
283