- Email: [email protected]
Microelectronics technology: an introduction
Rappaport argues that the development of hardware-deslgn workstations parallels the arrival of high-level l~nguages. So far, circuit designers have been working with the equivalent of machine code programming. Some of the workstations on the market are described.
Rolfe, D 'CPU chip adds instructions to 8086 set' Electron. Prod. Des. Vol 3 No 8 (August 1982) pp 39-42 The Intel iAPX 186 is a 16-bit microcomputer due for launch early in 1983. It is compatible with existing 8088 and 8086 software and is said to provide 30 per cent better performance than standard 8086-2 8 MHz systems. David Rolfe outlines the characteristics of the iAPX 186 including the instruction set, interrupts and operating system. Waldschmidt, K 'Microelectronics technology: an introduction' Microproc. Microprog. Vol 10 Nos 2/3 (September/October 1982) pp 7 1 - 7 6 Zimmer, G 'MOS technology' Microproc. Microprog. Vo110 Nos 2/3 (September October 1982) pp 77-99 Lostroh, J 'Devices and circuits for bipolar IV)LSI' Microproc. Microprog. Vo110 Nos 2/3 (September/October 1982) pp 101-117
Hoffman, K 'Status and trends of dynamic and static RAMs' Microproc. Microprog. Vol 10 Nos 2/3 (September/October 1982) pp 119-127 Klein, R and Tchon, W E 'Nonvolatile semiconductor memory' Microproc. Microprog. Vol 10 Nos 2/3 (September/October 1982) pp 129138 Schindel, U, J~iger, U and Wolff, D 'Modelling and simulation' Microproc. Microprog. Vol 10 Nos 2/3 (September/ October 1982) pp 139-151 Lipp, H M 'Logic design strategies' Microproc. Microprog. Vol 10 Nos 2/3 (September/ October 1982) pp 153-162 Obrebska, M 'Efficiency and performance comparison of different design methodologies for control parts of microprocessors' Microproc. Microprog. Vol 10 Nos 2/3 (September/October 1982)pp 163-178
vol 6 no 9 november 1982
A special issue on current status and trends in microelectronics technology. The first paper outlines some areas where progress is likely. Reductions in line width, increase in chip area, circuit 'cleverness' improvements [drop in the number of function elements for special circuit functions) and inventions of new structures (new bipolar technologies such as integrated injection logic) are mentioned. Gunter Zimmer reviews the principles of operation of MOS transistors, inverters and processing. NMOS and CMOS implementation is described. Two areas for future work are singled out: silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) and the creation of a vertical CMOS inverter by stacking a second active layer on the monocrystalline structure. The third paper, on the other hand, argues that bipolar circuits can continue to play an important role in LSl and VLSl devices. Improvements in speed and packing density can be obtained by decreasing parasitic resistances, series resistances and device areas. Techniques to do this include oxide isolation, self aligning, and polysilicon electrodes. Mass production of 1 Mbyte dynamic RAMs by 1988 is predicted in the Hoffman paper. Klein and Tchon discuss the pros and cons of the various types of ROM (PROM, EPROM and EEPROM). Seven types of CAD simulation are described in the sixth paper. They are process, device, circuit, timing, logic, mixed-mode and general purpose simulation. Hans Lipp describes two logic design strategies: bottom-up and topdown design. The paper concludes that VLSl components require a drastic increase in design quality. Analytic verification techniques will be of less importance. In the final paper Monika Orbrebska presents several methodologies used in the design and control parts of microprocessors. Each of the methodologies is used to design a part for the 6800 processor and the results compared.
Software Barringer, H and Mearns, I 'Axioms and proof rules for Ada tasks' lEE Proc.-E CompuL Dig.
Techn. Vol 129 No 2 (March 1982) pp 38-48
Goldsack, S J and Moreton, T 'Ada package specifications: path expressions and monitors' lEE Proc.-E Comput. Dig. Techn. Vol 129 No 2 (March 1982) pp 4 9 - 5 4
McGettrick, A D 'Program verification and Ada' lEE Proc.-E Comput. Dig. Techn. Vo1129 No 2 (March 1982) pp 55-62
Grimsdale, R L, Halsall, F, Martin"Polo, F and Wong, S 'Structure and tasking features of the programming language Marlet' lEE Proc.-E Comput. Des. Techn. Vol 129 No 2 (March 1982) pp 6 3 - 6 9
Harwood, W T 'Specifying and implementing object managers in Ada' lEE Proc.-E Comput. Dig. Techn. Vol 129 No 2 (March 1982) pp 7 0 - 7 4 Wallis, P J L 'Ada model arithmetic: costs and benefits' lEE Proc.-E Comput. Dig. Tech. Vol 129 No 2 (March 1982) pp 75-80 The development of ADA represents one of the largest software engineering projects ever undertaken, according to guest editor, Dr F K Hanna (University of Kent), in this special issue on ADA. It may also turn out to be one of the most significant, he continues. 'It is undisputably one of the most controversial.' The project, initiated by the US Department of Defense in 1974, had five main objectives: to be modular; to have exception handling; tasking; specific representations of data types; and generic program units. It was because of ADA's intended use by the professional software engineer or system designer that this special issuewas produced. Barringer and Mearns have developed an axiomatic proof system for use in proving partial correctness and absence of deadlock in ADA tasks. The paper presents these axioms, for the tasking primitives in isolation, and proposes rules to describe the logical interration of tasks. These axioms and rules are then used to present partial correctness proofs of parallel processing examples written in ADA. The system is extended to deal with questions of blocking and detection of deadlock.
497
Rolfe, D 'CPU chip adds instructions to 8086 set' Electron. Prod. Des. Vol 3 No 8 (August 1982) pp 39-42 The Intel iAPX 186 is a 16-bit microcomputer due for launch early in 1983. It is compatible with existing 8088 and 8086 software and is said to provide 30 per cent better performance than standard 8086-2 8 MHz systems. David Rolfe outlines the characteristics of the iAPX 186 including the instruction set, interrupts and operating system. Waldschmidt, K 'Microelectronics technology: an introduction' Microproc. Microprog. Vol 10 Nos 2/3 (September/October 1982) pp 7 1 - 7 6 Zimmer, G 'MOS technology' Microproc. Microprog. Vo110 Nos 2/3 (September October 1982) pp 77-99 Lostroh, J 'Devices and circuits for bipolar IV)LSI' Microproc. Microprog. Vo110 Nos 2/3 (September/October 1982) pp 101-117
Hoffman, K 'Status and trends of dynamic and static RAMs' Microproc. Microprog. Vol 10 Nos 2/3 (September/October 1982) pp 119-127 Klein, R and Tchon, W E 'Nonvolatile semiconductor memory' Microproc. Microprog. Vol 10 Nos 2/3 (September/October 1982) pp 129138 Schindel, U, J~iger, U and Wolff, D 'Modelling and simulation' Microproc. Microprog. Vol 10 Nos 2/3 (September/ October 1982) pp 139-151 Lipp, H M 'Logic design strategies' Microproc. Microprog. Vol 10 Nos 2/3 (September/ October 1982) pp 153-162 Obrebska, M 'Efficiency and performance comparison of different design methodologies for control parts of microprocessors' Microproc. Microprog. Vol 10 Nos 2/3 (September/October 1982)pp 163-178
vol 6 no 9 november 1982
A special issue on current status and trends in microelectronics technology. The first paper outlines some areas where progress is likely. Reductions in line width, increase in chip area, circuit 'cleverness' improvements [drop in the number of function elements for special circuit functions) and inventions of new structures (new bipolar technologies such as integrated injection logic) are mentioned. Gunter Zimmer reviews the principles of operation of MOS transistors, inverters and processing. NMOS and CMOS implementation is described. Two areas for future work are singled out: silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) and the creation of a vertical CMOS inverter by stacking a second active layer on the monocrystalline structure. The third paper, on the other hand, argues that bipolar circuits can continue to play an important role in LSl and VLSl devices. Improvements in speed and packing density can be obtained by decreasing parasitic resistances, series resistances and device areas. Techniques to do this include oxide isolation, self aligning, and polysilicon electrodes. Mass production of 1 Mbyte dynamic RAMs by 1988 is predicted in the Hoffman paper. Klein and Tchon discuss the pros and cons of the various types of ROM (PROM, EPROM and EEPROM). Seven types of CAD simulation are described in the sixth paper. They are process, device, circuit, timing, logic, mixed-mode and general purpose simulation. Hans Lipp describes two logic design strategies: bottom-up and topdown design. The paper concludes that VLSl components require a drastic increase in design quality. Analytic verification techniques will be of less importance. In the final paper Monika Orbrebska presents several methodologies used in the design and control parts of microprocessors. Each of the methodologies is used to design a part for the 6800 processor and the results compared.
Software Barringer, H and Mearns, I 'Axioms and proof rules for Ada tasks' lEE Proc.-E CompuL Dig.
Techn. Vol 129 No 2 (March 1982) pp 38-48
Goldsack, S J and Moreton, T 'Ada package specifications: path expressions and monitors' lEE Proc.-E Comput. Dig. Techn. Vol 129 No 2 (March 1982) pp 4 9 - 5 4
McGettrick, A D 'Program verification and Ada' lEE Proc.-E Comput. Dig. Techn. Vo1129 No 2 (March 1982) pp 55-62
Grimsdale, R L, Halsall, F, Martin"Polo, F and Wong, S 'Structure and tasking features of the programming language Marlet' lEE Proc.-E Comput. Des. Techn. Vol 129 No 2 (March 1982) pp 6 3 - 6 9
Harwood, W T 'Specifying and implementing object managers in Ada' lEE Proc.-E Comput. Dig. Techn. Vol 129 No 2 (March 1982) pp 7 0 - 7 4 Wallis, P J L 'Ada model arithmetic: costs and benefits' lEE Proc.-E Comput. Dig. Tech. Vol 129 No 2 (March 1982) pp 75-80 The development of ADA represents one of the largest software engineering projects ever undertaken, according to guest editor, Dr F K Hanna (University of Kent), in this special issue on ADA. It may also turn out to be one of the most significant, he continues. 'It is undisputably one of the most controversial.' The project, initiated by the US Department of Defense in 1974, had five main objectives: to be modular; to have exception handling; tasking; specific representations of data types; and generic program units. It was because of ADA's intended use by the professional software engineer or system designer that this special issuewas produced. Barringer and Mearns have developed an axiomatic proof system for use in proving partial correctness and absence of deadlock in ADA tasks. The paper presents these axioms, for the tasking primitives in isolation, and proposes rules to describe the logical interration of tasks. These axioms and rules are then used to present partial correctness proofs of parallel processing examples written in ADA. The system is extended to deal with questions of blocking and detection of deadlock.
497