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Microtunnelling chosen for sewer replacement
216A
UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS :TUNNELS
The results generated by the numerical model are compared with actual measurements from two mines in India and Sweden. -from Authors
Tunnels 944367 How to predict rock t e m p e r a t u r e s for deep Alpine tunnels L. Rybach & M. Pfistet, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 31(1-4), 1994, pp 261-270. Reliable assessments of the underground temperature are needed for construction projects like deep tunnels, shafts and storage facilities. In areas of pronounced topographic relief special attention must be gxven to the influence of three-dtmensional topography on the subsurface temperature field. Further parameters needed for the prediction include ground surface temperature, local heat flow density, geological factors (structure/schistosity, thermal conductivity, erosion rate, water circulation). A first prediction was attempted for the planned Gotthard railroad tunnel (HEAT). This tunnel wilIhave a total length of 56 km with a maximum cover of 2500 m. The temperature predictions were caiculated, based on the RIMINI topography array, for points every 1 km along the planned axis. Maximum temperature (conservative upper limit) is about 45"C; the error of the predicted temperatures could be, in view of the uncertainties involved, in general ca. + 5-10"C. -from Authors 944368 Dynamic displacements and stresses in the vicinity of a cylindrical cavity e m b e d d e d in a half-space J.E. Luco & F. C. P. De Burros, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 23(3), 1994, pp321-340. The two-dimensional response of a viscoelastic half-space containing a buried, unlined, infinitely long cylindrical cavity o f circular cross-section subjected to harmonic plane SH, P, SV and Rayleigh waves is obtained by an indirect boundary integral method based on the two-dimensional Green's functions for a viscoelastic half-space. An extensive critical review of the existing numerical results obtained by other techniques is presented together with some new numerical results desenbing the motion on the ground surface and the motion and stresses on the wall of the cavity for P, SV, SH and Rayleigh waves. -Authors 944369 The degradation and failure of concrete linings a r o u n d water conveyance tunnels C. Grnbhelaar, Tunnelling & Underground Space Technology, 9(1), 1994, pp 67-71. Most water tunnels are lined with concrete made of Portland cements. The lining is considered to have failed if it allows unanticipated water leakage, if debris obstructs continuous water flow, or if the tunnel is structurally unsafe. In this paper, measures to limit failure are discussed, with reference to defects in tunnels such as the St. Gotthard Tunnel in Switzerland; mine tunnels; the outlet tunnels at Sterkfontein and Thoewaterskloof dams and the OrangeFish Tunnel, in South Africa; and Japan's Seikan Tunnel. -Author 944370 TBM p e r f o r m a n c e analysis with reference to rock p r o p e r t i e s P . P . Nelson, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 4, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 261-291. This chapter concentrates on developing an understanding of TBM design and rock material characteristics which have an impact on the relative success or failure of a particular m_echan.ical.excavation system in a particular application. Th.e..arm .is to. support a geo~chnical engineer cnargeu wtm sxte investigation, contract ¢locument preparation and resident engineer duties, so that he or she may be able to .id.entify particular geological or geotechnical cnara.ctensttcs oz concern for various alignment options, so mat me potential "nn.l~act of these characteristics on construction can he anticxpated, and so that the impact of various design options for TBM systems can be appreciated. -from Author
944371 The effects of rock properties on the economics of full face TBMs D . F . Fawcett, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 4, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 293-311. This chapter explains, in some detail, the parameters that affect the cost o f ' I B M tunneling. An analysis is then made of how the cost parameters are affected by rock properties, with the ways in which the industry is currently attempting to overcome some of the main problems being discussed. It is hoped that once they have studied this chapter, readers will have a better understanding of the real financial effects of various rock properties of tunneling projects. Once this understanding exists, it will be possible for tunnel engineers to concentrate their attention on rock properties that axe financially significant to the p r o j e c t being considered, to the ultimate benefit of the industry, -from Author 944372 Decision making in tunneling based on field measurements K. Kovari & C. Amstad, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 4, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 571-606. Field measurements are now reco~gnized worldwide as an indispensable aid for correct decision making in tunneling. They often form the link between theory andthe engineering practice. Successful measurements require both a thorough understanding of the specific problems arising in tunneling and a close familiarity with insmmlent techniques. In this chapter an attempt is made to show, on the one hand, the significance of monitoring by the discussion of some case histories and, on the othethand, to ~ive information on new developments in measuring techmques. -from Author 944373 Microtunnelling chosen for sewer replacement P. Darling, Tunnels & Tunnelling, Special Issue (Spring), 1994, pp 7-10. The replacement and upgrading of sewer systems in Kuwait is described, with particular reference to the use of the Iseki Unclemole slurry shield microtunnelling system to excavate the lines of the replacement sewers, Aggressive ground conditions and acidic sewage have led to corrosion and the need to replace many sections. Details of the project, the shaft sinking method, and the successful use of the Iseki system are given. 'D.W.Taylor 944374 Tunnelling in chalk m a r l for the Dhiarizos diversion tunnel J . C . Sharp, S. C. Bandis, C. Kridiotis, E. Christodoulou & G. Petrides, Tunnels & Tunnelling, Special Issue (Spring), 1994, pp 22-23,25,26. The construction of the Dhiarizos diversion tunnel through the south-western foothills of the Troodos Mountains of Cyprus is described. The project is one of the last components of the Southern Conveyor Project, designed to transfer water from the western part of the island where rainfall is plentiful to the more arid eastern region. The geology o f the tunnel route, rock mass characteristics, stress-strength ratios, and excavation and lining methods axe discussed. -D.W.Taylor 944375 P i a n n i n g a n d design of the transfer tunnel for the Lesotho High[ands Watei"Project A. Boniface, J. G. McKelvey & S. Nthako, TunneUing & Underground Space Technology, 9(1), 1994, pp 79-89. The Tramfet Tunnel forms part of Phase 1A of the Lesotho Highlands W a ~ r Project. The tunnel has a length of 45 km, an excavated diameter of 5 m, and is situated at an altitude of nearly 20.00 m above sea level. Directly connected to an unaetgrounu power station, it is probably the longest headrace tunnel in the world, The tunnel is boint excav a ~ d through basalt and runs in a northerly direction from an retake structure sited on the Malibamatso Rivet, ~ p m x ira.ately 100 km east.of Maseru. The paper deacril~s the piarming and design of the tunnel from the Project Optimization stage to the present. -Authors
UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS :TUNNELS
The results generated by the numerical model are compared with actual measurements from two mines in India and Sweden. -from Authors
Tunnels 944367 How to predict rock t e m p e r a t u r e s for deep Alpine tunnels L. Rybach & M. Pfistet, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 31(1-4), 1994, pp 261-270. Reliable assessments of the underground temperature are needed for construction projects like deep tunnels, shafts and storage facilities. In areas of pronounced topographic relief special attention must be gxven to the influence of three-dtmensional topography on the subsurface temperature field. Further parameters needed for the prediction include ground surface temperature, local heat flow density, geological factors (structure/schistosity, thermal conductivity, erosion rate, water circulation). A first prediction was attempted for the planned Gotthard railroad tunnel (HEAT). This tunnel wilIhave a total length of 56 km with a maximum cover of 2500 m. The temperature predictions were caiculated, based on the RIMINI topography array, for points every 1 km along the planned axis. Maximum temperature (conservative upper limit) is about 45"C; the error of the predicted temperatures could be, in view of the uncertainties involved, in general ca. + 5-10"C. -from Authors 944368 Dynamic displacements and stresses in the vicinity of a cylindrical cavity e m b e d d e d in a half-space J.E. Luco & F. C. P. De Burros, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 23(3), 1994, pp321-340. The two-dimensional response of a viscoelastic half-space containing a buried, unlined, infinitely long cylindrical cavity o f circular cross-section subjected to harmonic plane SH, P, SV and Rayleigh waves is obtained by an indirect boundary integral method based on the two-dimensional Green's functions for a viscoelastic half-space. An extensive critical review of the existing numerical results obtained by other techniques is presented together with some new numerical results desenbing the motion on the ground surface and the motion and stresses on the wall of the cavity for P, SV, SH and Rayleigh waves. -Authors 944369 The degradation and failure of concrete linings a r o u n d water conveyance tunnels C. Grnbhelaar, Tunnelling & Underground Space Technology, 9(1), 1994, pp 67-71. Most water tunnels are lined with concrete made of Portland cements. The lining is considered to have failed if it allows unanticipated water leakage, if debris obstructs continuous water flow, or if the tunnel is structurally unsafe. In this paper, measures to limit failure are discussed, with reference to defects in tunnels such as the St. Gotthard Tunnel in Switzerland; mine tunnels; the outlet tunnels at Sterkfontein and Thoewaterskloof dams and the OrangeFish Tunnel, in South Africa; and Japan's Seikan Tunnel. -Author 944370 TBM p e r f o r m a n c e analysis with reference to rock p r o p e r t i e s P . P . Nelson, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 4, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 261-291. This chapter concentrates on developing an understanding of TBM design and rock material characteristics which have an impact on the relative success or failure of a particular m_echan.ical.excavation system in a particular application. Th.e..arm .is to. support a geo~chnical engineer cnargeu wtm sxte investigation, contract ¢locument preparation and resident engineer duties, so that he or she may be able to .id.entify particular geological or geotechnical cnara.ctensttcs oz concern for various alignment options, so mat me potential "nn.l~act of these characteristics on construction can he anticxpated, and so that the impact of various design options for TBM systems can be appreciated. -from Author
944371 The effects of rock properties on the economics of full face TBMs D . F . Fawcett, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 4, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 293-311. This chapter explains, in some detail, the parameters that affect the cost o f ' I B M tunneling. An analysis is then made of how the cost parameters are affected by rock properties, with the ways in which the industry is currently attempting to overcome some of the main problems being discussed. It is hoped that once they have studied this chapter, readers will have a better understanding of the real financial effects of various rock properties of tunneling projects. Once this understanding exists, it will be possible for tunnel engineers to concentrate their attention on rock properties that axe financially significant to the p r o j e c t being considered, to the ultimate benefit of the industry, -from Author 944372 Decision making in tunneling based on field measurements K. Kovari & C. Amstad, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 4, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 571-606. Field measurements are now reco~gnized worldwide as an indispensable aid for correct decision making in tunneling. They often form the link between theory andthe engineering practice. Successful measurements require both a thorough understanding of the specific problems arising in tunneling and a close familiarity with insmmlent techniques. In this chapter an attempt is made to show, on the one hand, the significance of monitoring by the discussion of some case histories and, on the othethand, to ~ive information on new developments in measuring techmques. -from Author 944373 Microtunnelling chosen for sewer replacement P. Darling, Tunnels & Tunnelling, Special Issue (Spring), 1994, pp 7-10. The replacement and upgrading of sewer systems in Kuwait is described, with particular reference to the use of the Iseki Unclemole slurry shield microtunnelling system to excavate the lines of the replacement sewers, Aggressive ground conditions and acidic sewage have led to corrosion and the need to replace many sections. Details of the project, the shaft sinking method, and the successful use of the Iseki system are given. 'D.W.Taylor 944374 Tunnelling in chalk m a r l for the Dhiarizos diversion tunnel J . C . Sharp, S. C. Bandis, C. Kridiotis, E. Christodoulou & G. Petrides, Tunnels & Tunnelling, Special Issue (Spring), 1994, pp 22-23,25,26. The construction of the Dhiarizos diversion tunnel through the south-western foothills of the Troodos Mountains of Cyprus is described. The project is one of the last components of the Southern Conveyor Project, designed to transfer water from the western part of the island where rainfall is plentiful to the more arid eastern region. The geology o f the tunnel route, rock mass characteristics, stress-strength ratios, and excavation and lining methods axe discussed. -D.W.Taylor 944375 P i a n n i n g a n d design of the transfer tunnel for the Lesotho High[ands Watei"Project A. Boniface, J. G. McKelvey & S. Nthako, TunneUing & Underground Space Technology, 9(1), 1994, pp 79-89. The Tramfet Tunnel forms part of Phase 1A of the Lesotho Highlands W a ~ r Project. The tunnel has a length of 45 km, an excavated diameter of 5 m, and is situated at an altitude of nearly 20.00 m above sea level. Directly connected to an unaetgrounu power station, it is probably the longest headrace tunnel in the world, The tunnel is boint excav a ~ d through basalt and runs in a northerly direction from an retake structure sited on the Malibamatso Rivet, ~ p m x ira.ately 100 km east.of Maseru. The paper deacril~s the piarming and design of the tunnel from the Project Optimization stage to the present. -Authors