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Nanoparticles in Natural Aquatic Systems and Cellular Toxicity
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 157 (2010) S53–S54
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / c b p a
27th Congress of the newEuropean Society of Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Alessandria (Italy) – Sept. 5-9, 2010 Biological effects of climatic changes and pollution: From biomarkers to system biology
Session 13: Biological effects of Nanoparticles mixture toxicity INVITED LECTURE 1. Nanoparticles in Natural Aquatic Systems and Cellular Toxicity A.H. Ringwood, M. McCarthy (University NC Charlotte, North Carolina, USA); N. Levi-Polyachenko (Wake Forest University, Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA); D.L. Carroll (Wake Forest University, Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) Nanoparticles will be introduced into aquatic environments during production processes and released as wastes following their use in electronic and biological applications. Environmental factors such as organics and salt content will affect their bioavailability and toxicity. The complex milieu of natural environments may facilitate their dissolution into constituent components or may stabilize them. There are also many uncertainties about their cellular interactions, potential routes of entry, and target processes. Recent findings from my laboratory and others are reviewed to describe some of the important current findings regarding carbon and metal nanoparticles, and their fundamental cellular interactions. Our model system has been oysters, Crassostrea virginica – a filter-feeding bivalve, and some of the cellular responses that have been studied are lysosomal integrity, oxidative damage, antioxidant responses, and protein responses (e.g. metallothioneins); studies with embryos are also conducted to consider impacts on developmental responses. Quantum dot and fullerene studies have demonstrated that nanoparticles are readily accumulated into cells, probably via endosomal pathways, and accumulate in lysosomes. Increases in oxidative stress have been observed, supporting the concept that oxidative damage will be an important mechanism of toxicity. Increases in metallothionein expression may reflect the potential for silver nanoparticle interactions with metal regulation pathways or may also reflect oxidative stress. Silver nanoparticle studies suggest that there may be shape-dependent toxicity. While nanoparticles represent a new class of contaminant, there are 1095-6433/$ – see front matter
numerous issues regarding their stability, their reactivity with natural factors and other contaminants, and how they interact with biological systems that need careful investigation. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.150
ORAL PRESENTATIONS 2. Dietary exposure of silver nanoparticles in the endobenthic polychate Nereis diversicolor J. García-Alonso (Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum of London, UK); S.K. Misra (Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum of London, UK); F.R. Khan (Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum of London, UK); A. Dybowska (Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum of London, UK); B.D. Smith, P.S. Rainbow (Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum of London, UK); S.N. Luoma (US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, USA); E. Valsami-Jones (Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum of London, UK) Nanoparticles such as nanosilver (Ag-NPs) are widely used in industries such as those producing textiles, biomedical devices and washing machines. Therefore, we can expect an impact from their inevitable release into the environment. Estuarine sediments are sink for many pollutants and are also the habitat and food source of the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. Dietary exposure to NPs from sediments is a potential route of toxicity of these chemicals. We describe how ingested citrate capped Ag-NPs (30 ± 5 nm) behave inside the gut, the metal uptake and its accumulation. We test if uptake is due to direct internalisation of particles or by solubilisation of the particles and subsequent uptake of dissolved Ag. Nereis diversicolor were exposed to sediment spiked with Ag-NPs (250 ng g-1) in estuarine water (salinity 16) for 10 days at 10 °C. Electron dense particles the
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / c b p a
27th Congress of the newEuropean Society of Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Alessandria (Italy) – Sept. 5-9, 2010 Biological effects of climatic changes and pollution: From biomarkers to system biology
Session 13: Biological effects of Nanoparticles mixture toxicity INVITED LECTURE 1. Nanoparticles in Natural Aquatic Systems and Cellular Toxicity A.H. Ringwood, M. McCarthy (University NC Charlotte, North Carolina, USA); N. Levi-Polyachenko (Wake Forest University, Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA); D.L. Carroll (Wake Forest University, Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) Nanoparticles will be introduced into aquatic environments during production processes and released as wastes following their use in electronic and biological applications. Environmental factors such as organics and salt content will affect their bioavailability and toxicity. The complex milieu of natural environments may facilitate their dissolution into constituent components or may stabilize them. There are also many uncertainties about their cellular interactions, potential routes of entry, and target processes. Recent findings from my laboratory and others are reviewed to describe some of the important current findings regarding carbon and metal nanoparticles, and their fundamental cellular interactions. Our model system has been oysters, Crassostrea virginica – a filter-feeding bivalve, and some of the cellular responses that have been studied are lysosomal integrity, oxidative damage, antioxidant responses, and protein responses (e.g. metallothioneins); studies with embryos are also conducted to consider impacts on developmental responses. Quantum dot and fullerene studies have demonstrated that nanoparticles are readily accumulated into cells, probably via endosomal pathways, and accumulate in lysosomes. Increases in oxidative stress have been observed, supporting the concept that oxidative damage will be an important mechanism of toxicity. Increases in metallothionein expression may reflect the potential for silver nanoparticle interactions with metal regulation pathways or may also reflect oxidative stress. Silver nanoparticle studies suggest that there may be shape-dependent toxicity. While nanoparticles represent a new class of contaminant, there are 1095-6433/$ – see front matter
numerous issues regarding their stability, their reactivity with natural factors and other contaminants, and how they interact with biological systems that need careful investigation. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.150
ORAL PRESENTATIONS 2. Dietary exposure of silver nanoparticles in the endobenthic polychate Nereis diversicolor J. García-Alonso (Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum of London, UK); S.K. Misra (Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum of London, UK); F.R. Khan (Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum of London, UK); A. Dybowska (Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum of London, UK); B.D. Smith, P.S. Rainbow (Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum of London, UK); S.N. Luoma (US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, USA); E. Valsami-Jones (Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum of London, UK) Nanoparticles such as nanosilver (Ag-NPs) are widely used in industries such as those producing textiles, biomedical devices and washing machines. Therefore, we can expect an impact from their inevitable release into the environment. Estuarine sediments are sink for many pollutants and are also the habitat and food source of the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. Dietary exposure to NPs from sediments is a potential route of toxicity of these chemicals. We describe how ingested citrate capped Ag-NPs (30 ± 5 nm) behave inside the gut, the metal uptake and its accumulation. We test if uptake is due to direct internalisation of particles or by solubilisation of the particles and subsequent uptake of dissolved Ag. Nereis diversicolor were exposed to sediment spiked with Ag-NPs (250 ng g-1) in estuarine water (salinity 16) for 10 days at 10 °C. Electron dense particles the