- Email: [email protected]
New arrangement for gas burners
2S4
Mechanics, Physics, and Chemistry.
,New ./lrrangernentfor Gas Burners, by M. 1VI~CC~_VD. W e find in the Bulletin of the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry, for February, 1847, a report by M. Payen, from a committee of the society, appointed to examine a new arrangement of gas burner, it~vented and submitted to the society by M. Maccaud, of Lyons. The modification consists in an envelope of wire gauze, through which the airwhich is to support the combustion passes. This envelope produces two useful effects: the heat acquired by the wire gauze is transmitted to the air, and augments the light of the lamp ; and at the same time the flame becomes more regular. The lamp submitted by M. Maccaud was an argand gas burner of twenty tubes ; the gallery which supports the glass chimney is fitted with a wire gauze which surrounds the base of the chimney, and is prolonged downwards in a funnel tbrm to the bottom of the burner. It was compared with another similar argand burner without the wire gauze, each giving a light equal to t h a t o f a Carcel lamp, burning 1~ oz. ofoil per h o u r - - w h e r e it was found that the expense per hour of the Maccaud burner was to that of the other lamp as 110 to 123, or as 100 to 111-8. F(~-. ~. 2'~g. ¢.
Fig. 3.
Fi~. 4. d
The use of tile wire gauze renders the flame steady even when exposed to strong currents of air, so that when a window or door was suddenly opened, the flame remained unaffected~ while that of the common lamp became red and smoky.
,/tn Improved ~llanometer.
285
The committee also examined the behavior of these lamps as conh'asted with that of ordinary gas burners in the open air, and especially in doorways and staircases, where the lamps were constantly exposed to draughts, and found that the flame of the Maccaud ]amp was always tmaffeeted, while that of the ordinary lamp was so much affected that tile glass chimneys ~rere constantly broken by the sudden deviations caused by the currents of air. In certain particular cases, and where the lamps are to be constantly exposed to very strong currents of air, M. Maccaud covers the upper part of the glass chimney with a conical cap of wire gauze, which prevents the wind from driving the flame downwards ; the wire gauze which he uses contains from 40 to 80 wires to the inch. The invention above described is so simple that it seemsineredible that it should never have been invented before. The high authority of the society from which the report emanates, as well as the known persona[ reputation of the reporter of the committee, are sufficient guarantees for the accuracy of the facts. As to the utility of it, it is unnecessary that we should dwell upon it in this climate where our houses are all open ou summer nights, and not unfrequently the wind blows with such violence as to render it impossible to keep a common gas-light burning. When furnished with the cap, it wiU also prevent insects from accumulating upon the burner. The principle is also manifestly applicable to our street lamps, and would much benefit thcm in stormy nights. Bull. Soe. Ene. Ind. Nat.
¢1n Improved ~:.lftnomeler.
B y M. GALY CAZAI~AT.
" I n the manometer, of which the use is prescribed (in France) by the ordinance of M a y 22nd, 1843, the glass tube must exceed in height as m a n y times 76 cent[metres (30 inches), as the pressure of the steam exceeds an atmosphere. " I n order to shorten the column of mercury, the weight of which balances the force, it has occurred to me to oppose to the pressure of tile steam tile horizontal end of the rod of a piston, moving without friction, and steam-tight, which, by descending, causes the mercury to rise in the glass tube. According to this arrangement, if the area of the end pressed by the steam be n times smaller than that of the piston pressed by the mercury, this latter will rise in the tube to a height rt times less than in the usual manometer." It will be evident that the only practical di~eulty to be overcome in this arrangement, is to render this piston steam-light, at the same time that it shall move without friction. This object is attained, however, by the use of diaphragms elastic and impermeable interposed between the ends of the piston, and the mercury or steam. With these remarks, a glance at the accompanying sketch, with reference to the explanations, will render further description unnecessary. The moving principle is tile brass piston c, on which impinges, and which transmits to the mercury, the pressure which the steam exercises 25*
Mechanics, Physics, and Chemistry.
,New ./lrrangernentfor Gas Burners, by M. 1VI~CC~_VD. W e find in the Bulletin of the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry, for February, 1847, a report by M. Payen, from a committee of the society, appointed to examine a new arrangement of gas burner, it~vented and submitted to the society by M. Maccaud, of Lyons. The modification consists in an envelope of wire gauze, through which the airwhich is to support the combustion passes. This envelope produces two useful effects: the heat acquired by the wire gauze is transmitted to the air, and augments the light of the lamp ; and at the same time the flame becomes more regular. The lamp submitted by M. Maccaud was an argand gas burner of twenty tubes ; the gallery which supports the glass chimney is fitted with a wire gauze which surrounds the base of the chimney, and is prolonged downwards in a funnel tbrm to the bottom of the burner. It was compared with another similar argand burner without the wire gauze, each giving a light equal to t h a t o f a Carcel lamp, burning 1~ oz. ofoil per h o u r - - w h e r e it was found that the expense per hour of the Maccaud burner was to that of the other lamp as 110 to 123, or as 100 to 111-8. F(~-. ~. 2'~g. ¢.
Fig. 3.
Fi~. 4. d
The use of tile wire gauze renders the flame steady even when exposed to strong currents of air, so that when a window or door was suddenly opened, the flame remained unaffected~ while that of the common lamp became red and smoky.
,/tn Improved ~llanometer.
285
The committee also examined the behavior of these lamps as conh'asted with that of ordinary gas burners in the open air, and especially in doorways and staircases, where the lamps were constantly exposed to draughts, and found that the flame of the Maccaud ]amp was always tmaffeeted, while that of the ordinary lamp was so much affected that tile glass chimneys ~rere constantly broken by the sudden deviations caused by the currents of air. In certain particular cases, and where the lamps are to be constantly exposed to very strong currents of air, M. Maccaud covers the upper part of the glass chimney with a conical cap of wire gauze, which prevents the wind from driving the flame downwards ; the wire gauze which he uses contains from 40 to 80 wires to the inch. The invention above described is so simple that it seemsineredible that it should never have been invented before. The high authority of the society from which the report emanates, as well as the known persona[ reputation of the reporter of the committee, are sufficient guarantees for the accuracy of the facts. As to the utility of it, it is unnecessary that we should dwell upon it in this climate where our houses are all open ou summer nights, and not unfrequently the wind blows with such violence as to render it impossible to keep a common gas-light burning. When furnished with the cap, it wiU also prevent insects from accumulating upon the burner. The principle is also manifestly applicable to our street lamps, and would much benefit thcm in stormy nights. Bull. Soe. Ene. Ind. Nat.
¢1n Improved ~:.lftnomeler.
B y M. GALY CAZAI~AT.
" I n the manometer, of which the use is prescribed (in France) by the ordinance of M a y 22nd, 1843, the glass tube must exceed in height as m a n y times 76 cent[metres (30 inches), as the pressure of the steam exceeds an atmosphere. " I n order to shorten the column of mercury, the weight of which balances the force, it has occurred to me to oppose to the pressure of tile steam tile horizontal end of the rod of a piston, moving without friction, and steam-tight, which, by descending, causes the mercury to rise in the glass tube. According to this arrangement, if the area of the end pressed by the steam be n times smaller than that of the piston pressed by the mercury, this latter will rise in the tube to a height rt times less than in the usual manometer." It will be evident that the only practical di~eulty to be overcome in this arrangement, is to render this piston steam-light, at the same time that it shall move without friction. This object is attained, however, by the use of diaphragms elastic and impermeable interposed between the ends of the piston, and the mercury or steam. With these remarks, a glance at the accompanying sketch, with reference to the explanations, will render further description unnecessary. The moving principle is tile brass piston c, on which impinges, and which transmits to the mercury, the pressure which the steam exercises 25*