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Non-contact optical sensor for speed over ground measurement
Memswement of lummn tooth tissue by nmoaecond llliCl-OflUO~try
Tsutomu Araki
Department of Production and Mechanical Technical College, University of Tokushima
Engineering,
Atomic force microwope using an optical fibre beterodyne interferometer free from external distwbaw Noboru Nakatani, Norito Suzuki *
Takanori Oshio, Yoshiyuki Sakai,
Ashiya University, *Osaka Electra-Communication University
10th Meeting on Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japanese Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japan Society of Applied Physics
10th Meeting on Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japanese Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japan Society of Applied Physics
Human teeth fluoresceas a result of illumination by ultra-violet light. The fluorescencecharacteristicsof human teeth were investigated with respect to aging and caries by microscope fluorometry. To measure nanosecond decay features of a tooth’s fluorescence, a microscope fluorometer equipped with an air-discharge pulsed lamp and a Xe pulsed lamp was devised. A fibrescope fluorometer was also devised to apply the time-resolved fluorometry into clinical inspection of human teeth. The fluorescence intensity and fluorescence decay curve were found to be age dependent in dentin tissue. The fluorescence intensity and fluorescence decay curve of caries enamel were more similar to those of hydroxyapatite than the sound enamel. The data suggest that both quantitative and qualitative changes in the organic matrix of tooth tissue may afIect its fluorescence characteristics.
This paper describesan AFM using an optical fibre heterodyne inter-
Aualysis of blood Bow velocity and strwtwe of vascdar endothdial cell by using laser light Yasuo Ogasawara, Osamu Hiramatsu, Katsuhiko Tsujioka, Fumihiko Kajiya
Chikako
Tokuda,
Medical Engineering, Kawasaki Medical School 10th Meeting on Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japanese Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japan Society of Applied Physics Our laser Doppler velocimeter with an optical fibre is useful for the measurement of both coronary artery and vein flow velocities because of its excellent accessibility to the coronary vessels of the moving heart. A confocal laser scanning microscope is useful for the evaluation of the three-dimensional structure of a vascular wall. In this paper, we describe the optical arrangement of the laser Doppler velocimeter and some results of measurements of the blood velocity patterns in coronary vessels by three different routes of access of the fibre probe. We also state some results of investigation of the structure of actin filaments in vascular endothelial cells by the confocal laser scanning microsoope. These laser instruments are powerful tools for the analysis of the localization and development of vascular legions such as atherosclerosis. Non-contact
opti&
sensor for speed over ground measurement
ferometer, which is free from external disturbances, in the optical paths of two fibres used for measuring small displacements of a cantilever. For eliminating the disturbances, the phases of the beat signals for the two points are differentiated. By the use of a special piano-convex lens with double optical axes, the beam is divided into two beams, one of which is focused on a cantilever and the other on the reference point at a holder of the cantilever. The noise level in the frequency region over 100 Hz is very low (1.5 x 100 rim/,//z).. It is confirmed, by measuring the electric force between a tip and a sample, that this interferometer is a useful tool for measuring the displacement of the cantilever. Measuring the surface of an echellete grating, it is demonstrated that this AFM is a powerful tool for measuring a surface in the order of nanometre. visuPl inform&ion
photoreceptor
processing by bacteriorhodopsin-based
Tsutomu Miyasaka Fuji Photo Film Co, Ltd, Ashigara Research Laboratories
10th Meeting on Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japanese Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japan Society of Applied Physics A thin fihn of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) containing purple membranes was immobilized at the interface of a conductive electrode and an aqueous electrolyte (ionic conductor) to form a wet-type optical sensor. The sensor showed rapid differential responsivitity to a change in the light intensity, which is a key function in the biological photoreceptor (retina). As a potential application to visual information processing an artificial photoreceptor was fabricated which comprises 256 pixels of BR-based optical detector. Image-sensing studies demonstrated that the photoreceptor is capable of detecting a moving optical image as a motion sensor and simultaneously extracting edge components of the image available for pattern recognition. SOI& pnaspre
sensing by a duuply bent optical fibre-a hairpin
are micropbow
Kentaro Nakamura,
Kenichi Iga
Tetsuya Uno, Yasunobu Sakai, Junichi Takagi, Tsukasa Yamashita
Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Central R & D Lab, Omron Co.
10th Meeting on Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japanese Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japan Society of Applied Physics
10th Meeting on Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japanese Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japan Society of Applied Physics In recent increases of the general concern for safe driving, high performances have been required for brake systems, such as the antilock brake system (ABS), which improve the ability to control the vehicle and the stopping distance. Especially for ABS, accurate measurement of the vehicle speed over ground is desired because in the conventional system it is guessed from the wheel speed and therefore becomes incorrect when the wheel is locked. We have developed an accurate and small non-contact optical sensor for speed over ground measurement utilizing a spatial filter. Accuracy within 5% (5% km h-‘)or2kmh-‘(40-220kmh-‘)anddimensions6Ox 100x 180mm have been achieved. Its performance is confirmed by the experimental set-up and the actual road.
A largescale microphone array is acutely required in the field of noise measurement and noise control in order to grasp sound distribution in real time. In this study we propose a novel optical fibre microphone suitable for this purpose. The bending loss of an optical fibre due to radiation is sensitive to the change in refractive index and radius of curvature. We try to utilize this phenomenon to measure a sound field. Since a hairpin-curved optical fibre detects sound vibrations directly without the help of any vibrating plate, we can expect a wide frequency range and a small interference with the sound field to be measured. The structure is so simple that it might be applicable to a largely arrayed system. In this report, some fundamental properties of the hairpin fibre microphone are experimentally investigated. The pressure variation of sound waves both in water and in air bas been successfully detected by a prototype microphone. Optics & Laser Technology
328
Vol 25 No 5 1993
Tsutomu Araki
Department of Production and Mechanical Technical College, University of Tokushima
Engineering,
Atomic force microwope using an optical fibre beterodyne interferometer free from external distwbaw Noboru Nakatani, Norito Suzuki *
Takanori Oshio, Yoshiyuki Sakai,
Ashiya University, *Osaka Electra-Communication University
10th Meeting on Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japanese Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japan Society of Applied Physics
10th Meeting on Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japanese Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japan Society of Applied Physics
Human teeth fluoresceas a result of illumination by ultra-violet light. The fluorescencecharacteristicsof human teeth were investigated with respect to aging and caries by microscope fluorometry. To measure nanosecond decay features of a tooth’s fluorescence, a microscope fluorometer equipped with an air-discharge pulsed lamp and a Xe pulsed lamp was devised. A fibrescope fluorometer was also devised to apply the time-resolved fluorometry into clinical inspection of human teeth. The fluorescence intensity and fluorescence decay curve were found to be age dependent in dentin tissue. The fluorescence intensity and fluorescence decay curve of caries enamel were more similar to those of hydroxyapatite than the sound enamel. The data suggest that both quantitative and qualitative changes in the organic matrix of tooth tissue may afIect its fluorescence characteristics.
This paper describesan AFM using an optical fibre heterodyne inter-
Aualysis of blood Bow velocity and strwtwe of vascdar endothdial cell by using laser light Yasuo Ogasawara, Osamu Hiramatsu, Katsuhiko Tsujioka, Fumihiko Kajiya
Chikako
Tokuda,
Medical Engineering, Kawasaki Medical School 10th Meeting on Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japanese Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japan Society of Applied Physics Our laser Doppler velocimeter with an optical fibre is useful for the measurement of both coronary artery and vein flow velocities because of its excellent accessibility to the coronary vessels of the moving heart. A confocal laser scanning microscope is useful for the evaluation of the three-dimensional structure of a vascular wall. In this paper, we describe the optical arrangement of the laser Doppler velocimeter and some results of measurements of the blood velocity patterns in coronary vessels by three different routes of access of the fibre probe. We also state some results of investigation of the structure of actin filaments in vascular endothelial cells by the confocal laser scanning microsoope. These laser instruments are powerful tools for the analysis of the localization and development of vascular legions such as atherosclerosis. Non-contact
opti&
sensor for speed over ground measurement
ferometer, which is free from external disturbances, in the optical paths of two fibres used for measuring small displacements of a cantilever. For eliminating the disturbances, the phases of the beat signals for the two points are differentiated. By the use of a special piano-convex lens with double optical axes, the beam is divided into two beams, one of which is focused on a cantilever and the other on the reference point at a holder of the cantilever. The noise level in the frequency region over 100 Hz is very low (1.5 x 100 rim/,//z).. It is confirmed, by measuring the electric force between a tip and a sample, that this interferometer is a useful tool for measuring the displacement of the cantilever. Measuring the surface of an echellete grating, it is demonstrated that this AFM is a powerful tool for measuring a surface in the order of nanometre. visuPl inform&ion
photoreceptor
processing by bacteriorhodopsin-based
Tsutomu Miyasaka Fuji Photo Film Co, Ltd, Ashigara Research Laboratories
10th Meeting on Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japanese Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japan Society of Applied Physics A thin fihn of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) containing purple membranes was immobilized at the interface of a conductive electrode and an aqueous electrolyte (ionic conductor) to form a wet-type optical sensor. The sensor showed rapid differential responsivitity to a change in the light intensity, which is a key function in the biological photoreceptor (retina). As a potential application to visual information processing an artificial photoreceptor was fabricated which comprises 256 pixels of BR-based optical detector. Image-sensing studies demonstrated that the photoreceptor is capable of detecting a moving optical image as a motion sensor and simultaneously extracting edge components of the image available for pattern recognition. SOI& pnaspre
sensing by a duuply bent optical fibre-a hairpin
are micropbow
Kentaro Nakamura,
Kenichi Iga
Tetsuya Uno, Yasunobu Sakai, Junichi Takagi, Tsukasa Yamashita
Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Central R & D Lab, Omron Co.
10th Meeting on Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japanese Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japan Society of Applied Physics
10th Meeting on Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japanese Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology, Japan Society of Applied Physics In recent increases of the general concern for safe driving, high performances have been required for brake systems, such as the antilock brake system (ABS), which improve the ability to control the vehicle and the stopping distance. Especially for ABS, accurate measurement of the vehicle speed over ground is desired because in the conventional system it is guessed from the wheel speed and therefore becomes incorrect when the wheel is locked. We have developed an accurate and small non-contact optical sensor for speed over ground measurement utilizing a spatial filter. Accuracy within 5% (5% km h-‘)or2kmh-‘(40-220kmh-‘)anddimensions6Ox 100x 180mm have been achieved. Its performance is confirmed by the experimental set-up and the actual road.
A largescale microphone array is acutely required in the field of noise measurement and noise control in order to grasp sound distribution in real time. In this study we propose a novel optical fibre microphone suitable for this purpose. The bending loss of an optical fibre due to radiation is sensitive to the change in refractive index and radius of curvature. We try to utilize this phenomenon to measure a sound field. Since a hairpin-curved optical fibre detects sound vibrations directly without the help of any vibrating plate, we can expect a wide frequency range and a small interference with the sound field to be measured. The structure is so simple that it might be applicable to a largely arrayed system. In this report, some fundamental properties of the hairpin fibre microphone are experimentally investigated. The pressure variation of sound waves both in water and in air bas been successfully detected by a prototype microphone. Optics & Laser Technology
328
Vol 25 No 5 1993