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Oblique-jointed steam boilers
830
Mechanics, -Physics, and Chemistry.
hammer block continued perfectly fast. The valve was designed as a simple form of balanced valve, that could be cast all in one piece, and required only turning up on the outside without any fitting. For or dinary smiths work, the hammer was oftener wanted without the steam on the top than with it ; but in forging work under dies, very heavy blows were required, and it was a great advantage then to have the means of increasing the force of blow with the same hammer. By dispensing with gearing for working the valve, the construction was much simplified, and the hammers were found to be handier for the men than a Nasymth 15 ewt. hammer worked by gearing in the same shop : the boys who worked the valves got quite perfect in managing them after three or four days praetic% and gave exactly the force of blow that the smith directed. Proc. Mech. Eng. Soc.
Oblique-Jolnted Steam Boilers. From the Load. Mining Journals No. 1306.
The absolute necessity of the highest attainable strength being secured for steam boilers is universally admitted ; and that there was much room for improvement was proved by the experiments of Mr. William Fairbairn, having discovered that in cylindrical vessels subjected to internal pressure the strength in their longitudinal direction is twice that of the plates in their curvillnear direction, and that an ordinary riveted joint, of good proportions and workmanship, ll~LSbut half the strength of the solid plate. Taking these facts into consideration, it is evident that (since the joints are but one-half the strength of the solid plate, and the transverse strength is considerably less than the longitudinal) it is of paramount importance to remove the necessity for longitudinal joints, for by that means the strength may be very materially increased without adding to the weight of the boiler. By an ingenious arrangement patented by Messrs. Wright and Co., of Goscote Works, Walsall, a stronger boiler is produced than has hitherto been practicable. The crossing of the joints has been much relied on, and doubtless it is highly beneficial; but in addition to this Messrs. Wright further increase the strength by arranging all the joints diagonally. In the patent boiler longitudinal joints are entirely dispensed with, and a system of equal oblique or diagonal joints adopted throughout. Its weaker section is altoge-ther avoided by the lines of riveting; and the transverse or double strain, which in the common boiler acts only upon two opposite ends of the plates, in the patent boiler is distributed equally around them. By this diagonal arrangement of the joints, all the riveting of the boiler assists equally in supporting the transverse strain, instead of the longitudinal joints alone being left to contend with it, as in the common plan; and this is accomplished without any increase in the whole amount of riveting, except only when it may be required to give a surplus of strength to the joints, in which case less than 5 per cent. of additional riveting will suffice. And the patent boiler thus
Metallic Alloy.--A 1Yew .Fuelfor the 1Vary.
331
made is preferable to any that might be made with welded joints, because more reliable ; for the risk of imperfect welding would be greater than that of imperfect riveting. All the boilers constructed upon this principle are made to bear a pressure from six to nine times that at which it is to be worked, and every boiler is tested up to double the working pressure before it leaves the establishment.
~[etallic Alloy. From the Lend. Mining Journal, No. 1309.
Mr. Johann Aich, Venice, has patented some improvements in arealgamating metals, which consist in forming an alloy of--copper, 60lbs.; zinc, 38 lbs. 2 ozs.; and iron, I lb. 8 ozs. The zinc may be increased to 44 lbs., and the iron diminished to ½lb. or increased 3 lbs. If the amalgamation of the parts be perfect, the product may be worked both hot and cold. At a red heat it is malleable like the best wrought iron, and may be beaten, stumped, or drawn. It is cheaper than brass, and may be advantageously substituted for brass and copper, and resists the action of sea water satisfactorily.
A New _~uelfor the Navy. From the London Mining Journal~ No. 1365.
The great advantages of using large coal of high evaporative power for steam purposes generally, and more especially for marine purposes, is universally admitted ; and it will consequently be gratifying to the shipping interest to learn that the Crown Preserved Coal Company's first year's operations have been of the most successful character. The blocks of fuel manufactured by this company are of the uniform size of 1 cubic foot, and of the uniform weight of 56 ros.; whilst the space required for stowage is materially less. To show the practical advantages of using preserved coal, the company quote an instance of a steam vo:yage to Rio Janeiro : - " The quantity of coals to be taken from Southampton would be 1000 tons, at a cost of about `£900, and occupying 1050 tons of space. On the other hand, 1000 tons of preserved coal would cost .£100 more, but there would be g saving of 250 tons of space, which, at the usual rate of .£6 per ton of freight, would produce `£1500. This amount would not only pay for the preserved coal, but leave a surplus of `£500 extra profit, merely for the outward voyage." Amongst the other advantages claimed for the artificial fuel, as compared with ordinary coal, are the circumstances that by the process employed the fuel is made so dry that decomposition is arrested; that it is free from dust, and nearly as clean as blocks of stone; that it is not liable to spontaneous combustion, neither does it emit gas or smell of any kind~ nor involve risk or injury of cargo, and that the evaporating power of the fuel is nearly 10 per cent. greater than any
Mechanics, -Physics, and Chemistry.
hammer block continued perfectly fast. The valve was designed as a simple form of balanced valve, that could be cast all in one piece, and required only turning up on the outside without any fitting. For or dinary smiths work, the hammer was oftener wanted without the steam on the top than with it ; but in forging work under dies, very heavy blows were required, and it was a great advantage then to have the means of increasing the force of blow with the same hammer. By dispensing with gearing for working the valve, the construction was much simplified, and the hammers were found to be handier for the men than a Nasymth 15 ewt. hammer worked by gearing in the same shop : the boys who worked the valves got quite perfect in managing them after three or four days praetic% and gave exactly the force of blow that the smith directed. Proc. Mech. Eng. Soc.
Oblique-Jolnted Steam Boilers. From the Load. Mining Journals No. 1306.
The absolute necessity of the highest attainable strength being secured for steam boilers is universally admitted ; and that there was much room for improvement was proved by the experiments of Mr. William Fairbairn, having discovered that in cylindrical vessels subjected to internal pressure the strength in their longitudinal direction is twice that of the plates in their curvillnear direction, and that an ordinary riveted joint, of good proportions and workmanship, ll~LSbut half the strength of the solid plate. Taking these facts into consideration, it is evident that (since the joints are but one-half the strength of the solid plate, and the transverse strength is considerably less than the longitudinal) it is of paramount importance to remove the necessity for longitudinal joints, for by that means the strength may be very materially increased without adding to the weight of the boiler. By an ingenious arrangement patented by Messrs. Wright and Co., of Goscote Works, Walsall, a stronger boiler is produced than has hitherto been practicable. The crossing of the joints has been much relied on, and doubtless it is highly beneficial; but in addition to this Messrs. Wright further increase the strength by arranging all the joints diagonally. In the patent boiler longitudinal joints are entirely dispensed with, and a system of equal oblique or diagonal joints adopted throughout. Its weaker section is altoge-ther avoided by the lines of riveting; and the transverse or double strain, which in the common boiler acts only upon two opposite ends of the plates, in the patent boiler is distributed equally around them. By this diagonal arrangement of the joints, all the riveting of the boiler assists equally in supporting the transverse strain, instead of the longitudinal joints alone being left to contend with it, as in the common plan; and this is accomplished without any increase in the whole amount of riveting, except only when it may be required to give a surplus of strength to the joints, in which case less than 5 per cent. of additional riveting will suffice. And the patent boiler thus
Metallic Alloy.--A 1Yew .Fuelfor the 1Vary.
331
made is preferable to any that might be made with welded joints, because more reliable ; for the risk of imperfect welding would be greater than that of imperfect riveting. All the boilers constructed upon this principle are made to bear a pressure from six to nine times that at which it is to be worked, and every boiler is tested up to double the working pressure before it leaves the establishment.
~[etallic Alloy. From the Lend. Mining Journal, No. 1309.
Mr. Johann Aich, Venice, has patented some improvements in arealgamating metals, which consist in forming an alloy of--copper, 60lbs.; zinc, 38 lbs. 2 ozs.; and iron, I lb. 8 ozs. The zinc may be increased to 44 lbs., and the iron diminished to ½lb. or increased 3 lbs. If the amalgamation of the parts be perfect, the product may be worked both hot and cold. At a red heat it is malleable like the best wrought iron, and may be beaten, stumped, or drawn. It is cheaper than brass, and may be advantageously substituted for brass and copper, and resists the action of sea water satisfactorily.
A New _~uelfor the Navy. From the London Mining Journal~ No. 1365.
The great advantages of using large coal of high evaporative power for steam purposes generally, and more especially for marine purposes, is universally admitted ; and it will consequently be gratifying to the shipping interest to learn that the Crown Preserved Coal Company's first year's operations have been of the most successful character. The blocks of fuel manufactured by this company are of the uniform size of 1 cubic foot, and of the uniform weight of 56 ros.; whilst the space required for stowage is materially less. To show the practical advantages of using preserved coal, the company quote an instance of a steam vo:yage to Rio Janeiro : - " The quantity of coals to be taken from Southampton would be 1000 tons, at a cost of about `£900, and occupying 1050 tons of space. On the other hand, 1000 tons of preserved coal would cost .£100 more, but there would be g saving of 250 tons of space, which, at the usual rate of .£6 per ton of freight, would produce `£1500. This amount would not only pay for the preserved coal, but leave a surplus of `£500 extra profit, merely for the outward voyage." Amongst the other advantages claimed for the artificial fuel, as compared with ordinary coal, are the circumstances that by the process employed the fuel is made so dry that decomposition is arrested; that it is free from dust, and nearly as clean as blocks of stone; that it is not liable to spontaneous combustion, neither does it emit gas or smell of any kind~ nor involve risk or injury of cargo, and that the evaporating power of the fuel is nearly 10 per cent. greater than any