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Pressure in steam boilers
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E3.ito~'iat.
Fig. 2. The pr,)blenl ,)[' estimatillg the economy of the pump i~ rendered much easier by *.he wat~r bearing; f,)r seeing that, as much of the frictiou and IJre~sure must ]:)e exercised upon the water, which would return it in the form of briar--the quantity of which stands in a wellr knowt~ rati,) to the a~nount of p,)w¢~r consumed~it is orlly necessary to kl~ow the quaut:ity of wt~¢er es(:~pit, g from the disk, and its increase iu tem})craturt~, t~) be able= to c~dculate the loss in transmitting the power directly t() the shaft. 'i'he loss illvolved in f¥iction of' the elevated water e()lumn against sides of pipe is of' course not hel'e involved, but ~lust be detertnilled separately. Froth the former cause the loss has been estimated .,~t only 5 per cent., a figure which be~rs testimony to the excellence of the inventiol~,
Pressure in Steam Boilers,--Tbe question as to whether the pressure in :l steam boiler was equal or different at tel? and bottom, concerning whicil there seetns to be some difference of" opinion amongst engineers~though it is difficult, from the simplicity of the facts ini volved in considering the question, to see how a difference of opinion Should exist--has nevertheless b'een experimentally determined by the Messrs. I-]untt~'r, at their establishment in this city. An elbow was attached to the end of the blow-off pipe: which entered the r~ud.drum ; into this a plug was screwed, and tapped to receive a half-inch p i p e ;
Items and Novelties.
~i~5'~
to this a steam gauge w~s attached and the cock ()pened: On 'cii~:. paring the indications of the gauges att~tched at top of bSil'e?i~ffd~:t6 the top of drum, :is above described, it was found that the pressure •was greatest at the bottom, by a pound and a half, proving, as might readily have been predicted, that the pressure upon the bottom of a boiler is equal to the steam pressure indicated above, .plus the weight of a water column equal in height to the difference in level between drum and surface of water in boiler, and in diameter to that acting.on the gauge. .... The S a i n t G o t h a r d Ttmnel.--Scaree has the world ceased its wonderment at some great scientific achievement, or engineering triumph over the obstacles of nature, when fresh schemes, still more gigantic, born of preceding successes, are projected. The great advantage to be derived by France from the completion of the Moat Cenis tunnel, bringing the cities of that country in intimate communication with the nations of the East, has awakened anew a project to unite Switzerland and Germany by a similar tunnel through the Alps at the pass of St. Gerhard. The plan is not altogether.new~ for ever since the former tunnel was perfected the Governments of Switzerland and Germany~ influenced by the fear that a vast commerce would be built up and diverted into France by its successful completion , have appreciated the importance of opening a new commercial highway on their side of the Alps. National jealousies have doubtless served to prevent the plan here named from assuminga definite form ; but now that these have been to a great extent removed b~ the,events of the past year, we are informed* that the project has been revived, and that a contract for the construction of the tunnel has been definitely concluded between the Swiss government' and a syndicate ,Jr the German bankers, backed by the support of the Iraperial government of Germany. The importance of the projected tfinnel in facilitating travel and influencing a wistly increased traffic between Asia and the north of Europe, cannot be overestimated, add the inauguration of the great enterprise will be looked for with interest by all. The completion of the proposed tunnel will offer grea~er difficulties than that through Moat Cenis. It will be twice as long had through rocks more difficult to pierce. 'The estimated cost of the work, is put at~ $!~7,000,000, and from the experience derived from Mont Cenis Iron World and Manufacturer.
E3.ito~'iat.
Fig. 2. The pr,)blenl ,)[' estimatillg the economy of the pump i~ rendered much easier by *.he wat~r bearing; f,)r seeing that, as much of the frictiou and IJre~sure must ]:)e exercised upon the water, which would return it in the form of briar--the quantity of which stands in a wellr knowt~ rati,) to the a~nount of p,)w¢~r consumed~it is orlly necessary to kl~ow the quaut:ity of wt~¢er es(:~pit, g from the disk, and its increase iu tem})craturt~, t~) be able= to c~dculate the loss in transmitting the power directly t() the shaft. 'i'he loss illvolved in f¥iction of' the elevated water e()lumn against sides of pipe is of' course not hel'e involved, but ~lust be detertnilled separately. Froth the former cause the loss has been estimated .,~t only 5 per cent., a figure which be~rs testimony to the excellence of the inventiol~,
Pressure in Steam Boilers,--Tbe question as to whether the pressure in :l steam boiler was equal or different at tel? and bottom, concerning whicil there seetns to be some difference of" opinion amongst engineers~though it is difficult, from the simplicity of the facts ini volved in considering the question, to see how a difference of opinion Should exist--has nevertheless b'een experimentally determined by the Messrs. I-]untt~'r, at their establishment in this city. An elbow was attached to the end of the blow-off pipe: which entered the r~ud.drum ; into this a plug was screwed, and tapped to receive a half-inch p i p e ;
Items and Novelties.
~i~5'~
to this a steam gauge w~s attached and the cock ()pened: On 'cii~:. paring the indications of the gauges att~tched at top of bSil'e?i~ffd~:t6 the top of drum, :is above described, it was found that the pressure •was greatest at the bottom, by a pound and a half, proving, as might readily have been predicted, that the pressure upon the bottom of a boiler is equal to the steam pressure indicated above, .plus the weight of a water column equal in height to the difference in level between drum and surface of water in boiler, and in diameter to that acting.on the gauge. .... The S a i n t G o t h a r d Ttmnel.--Scaree has the world ceased its wonderment at some great scientific achievement, or engineering triumph over the obstacles of nature, when fresh schemes, still more gigantic, born of preceding successes, are projected. The great advantage to be derived by France from the completion of the Moat Cenis tunnel, bringing the cities of that country in intimate communication with the nations of the East, has awakened anew a project to unite Switzerland and Germany by a similar tunnel through the Alps at the pass of St. Gerhard. The plan is not altogether.new~ for ever since the former tunnel was perfected the Governments of Switzerland and Germany~ influenced by the fear that a vast commerce would be built up and diverted into France by its successful completion , have appreciated the importance of opening a new commercial highway on their side of the Alps. National jealousies have doubtless served to prevent the plan here named from assuminga definite form ; but now that these have been to a great extent removed b~ the,events of the past year, we are informed* that the project has been revived, and that a contract for the construction of the tunnel has been definitely concluded between the Swiss government' and a syndicate ,Jr the German bankers, backed by the support of the Iraperial government of Germany. The importance of the projected tfinnel in facilitating travel and influencing a wistly increased traffic between Asia and the north of Europe, cannot be overestimated, add the inauguration of the great enterprise will be looked for with interest by all. The completion of the proposed tunnel will offer grea~er difficulties than that through Moat Cenis. It will be twice as long had through rocks more difficult to pierce. 'The estimated cost of the work, is put at~ $!~7,000,000, and from the experience derived from Mont Cenis Iron World and Manufacturer.