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Ophthalmology, history and humanities
a r c h s o c e s p o f t a l m o l . 2 0 1 4;8 9(6):213–215
ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE OFTALMOLOGÍA www.elsevier.es/oftalmologia
Editorial
Ophthalmology, history and humanities夽,夽夽 Oftalmología, historia y humanidades E. Santos-Bueso a , M.C. Fernández-Jacob b , A. Asorey-García a , E. Sánchez-Jacob c , I. Cerván-López d , S. Jiménez-Carmona e , C. Rodríguez-Bermejo f , C. Gutiérrez-Ortiz g , J.J. García-Medina h , A. Arteaga-Sánchez i , I. Vinuesa-Silva j , J.M. Vinuesa-Silva k , J. García-Sánchez a a
Unidad de Neurooftalmología, Servicio de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain b Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain c Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain d Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Sanitas La Moraleja, Madrid, Spain e Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain f Servicio de Oftalmología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain g Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain h Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain i Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain j Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Punta Europa, Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain k Cátedra de Oftalmología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
This year we celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the creation of the History and Humanities Group of the Ophthalmology Society of Spain. The group was founded in 1994 during the LXXth Congress of the Ophthalmology Society of Spain in Tenerife by intellectually enthusiastic ophthalmologists with the aim of promoting and supporting the study of history of our specialty as well as of Humanities. To discuss this fascinating and interesting project, the founding group met at one of the terraces of the Bahía del Duque hotel complex. These were Dr. Gustavo Leoz, Dr. Juan Murube del Castillo, Dr. Emiliano Hernández, Dr. José Luis Munoa, Dr. José Luis Cotallo de Cáceres, who was to be the first president of the Group of History and Humanities in Ophthalmology and Dr. Fathi Diab, the current president of the group (Figs. 1 and 2). One year before, the presentation of the 69th official paper of the
Ophthalmological Society of Spain under the title History of Spanish Ophthalmology,1 offered by Drs. Cotallo, Hernández, Munoa and Leoz, was a turning point for the importance given to history and humanities in our Society. Humanities and Ophthalmology are 2 fields of knowledge which nowadays seem difficult to relate. At present, the idea of a physician as a professional who, in addition to his daily activity with patients, is capable of contributing something else to society is difficult to implement. The increasing specialization of medicine in general and particularly in ophthalmology means that increasingly ophthalmologists focus on remaining up to date on technical and scientific developments in detriment of other areas of supplementary science, art and philosophy. Many of us have become efficient professionals on the subject matter of our specialty but we have largely excluded other activities which in former times made
夽 Please cite this article as: Santos-Bueso E, Fernández-Jacob MC, Asorey-García A, Sánchez-Jacob E, Cerván-López I, Jiménez-Carmona S, et al. Oftalmología, historia y humanidades. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:213–215. 夽夽 Dedicated to the founders of the History and Humanities Group of the Ophthalmology Society of Spain by way of homage and follow-up.
˜ 2173-5794/© 2014 Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
214
a r c h s o c e s p o f t a l m o l . 2 0 1 4;8 9(6):213–215
Group History and Humanities of the Ophthalmology
Fig. 1 – Symbol of the History and Humanities Group of the Ophthalmology Society of Spain, designed and prepared by Dr. José Luis Cotallo de Cáceres. © Information Oftalmológica.
of medicine not only a scientific but also a humanistic and philosophical endeavor. This specialization of knowledge is typical of present day society, perhaps due to the influence of the Anglo-Saxon
culture in which professionals are expected to know everything about one single topic and nothing about anything else. Even within ophthalmology, current sub-specialization has given rise to the fact that even though we can produce better diagnostics and highly complex treatments, we sometimes miss the overall vision of what ocular diseases are actually about. Certainly we can recall the contributions made by numer˜ one ous physicians to humanities. Dr. Gregorio Maranón, of the foremost examples of Humanities who succeeded in developing the philosophical aspect of the physician–patient relationship, is considered at present as a prototype of humanistic Renaissance individual who had deep knowledge about multiple fields of science, art and philosophy. In our own specialty and at this point in time, we have Dr. Mario Esteban de Antonio, the new Homo universalis, an eminent ophthalmologist and strabologist and above all a man of science and historian of ophthalmology, in addition to being a poet, musician and essayist. In his brilliant and extraordinary treatise titled History of Oculistics with especial dedication to strabology2,3 he has skillfully brought together humanistic and ophthalmological knowledge. At present, numerous papers are being published in the historic and iconographic section of Archivos de la Sociedad Espa˜nola de Oftalmología,4–20 which emphasizes the interests of authors and readers in these sections. In addition, the annual meetings of the group, convened during the National Ophthalmology Congress, are enjoying increased attendance as an expression of interest and the presentation of selected papers and a keynote conference given by foremost specialist on the matter. In summary, for 20 years already the free and open tribune of the History and Humanities Group in Ophthalmology is dedicated to promoting dialogue and joint reflection about the
Fig. 2 – Founders of the History and Humanities Group at the LXX Congress of the Ophthalmology Society of Spain in 1994 in the island of Tenerife. © Information Oftalmológica.
a r c h s o c e s p o f t a l m o l . 2 0 1 4;8 9(6):213–215
past of our specialty and other related branches of knowledge as well as about our future in these complex and agitated times dominated by a markedly technological focus.
references
1. Cotallo JL, Hernández E, Munoa JL, Leoz G. Historia de la ˜ ˜ oftalmología espanola. 69 ponencia de la Sociedad Espanola ˜ de Oftalmología. Madrid: Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmología; 1993. 2. Esteban de Antonio M. Historia de la oculística con especial dedicación a la estrabología. Madrid: Editorial Mac Line SL; 2011. 3. Santos-Bueso E. Historia de la oculística con especial dedicación a la estrabología. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2012;87:417–8. 4. Fernández Jacob MC. El simbolismo en la obra de Odilon Redon. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e19–22. 5. Fernández Jacob MC. Cataratas en la obra pictórica de Claude Monet. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e5–7. 6. Gutiérrez Ortiz Cl. In ictu oculi (En un abrir y cerrar de ojos). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2013;88:e49–50. 7. Gutiérrez Ortiz Cl. Las gafas como signo de riqueza y de erudición en la Virgen del canónigo van der Paele. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2013;88:e65–6. 8. Asorey-García A, Santos-Bueso E, García-Sánchez J. La ceguera del ojo derecho de lord Horatio Nelson (I). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e27–9.
215
9. Asorey-García A, Santos-Bueso E, García-Sánchez J. La ceguera del ojo derecho de lord Horatio Nelson (II). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e10–1. 10. Santos-Bueso E, Sáenz-Francés F, García-Sánchez J. Patología ocular en la obra de Pieter Brueghel el Viejo (IV). El vino de la fiesta de san Martín. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e23–5. 11. Santos-Bueso E, Sáenz-Francés F, García-Sánchez J. Patología ocular en la obra de Pieter Brueghel el Viejo (V). El triunfo de la muerte. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e30–2. 12. Santos-Bueso E, Sáenz-Francés F, García-Sánchez J. Santa Lucía en el Museo Nacional del Prado (I). Retablo de la leyenda de Santa Lucía del Maestro de Estimariú (1357–1385). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e33–5. 13. Noguera Palau JJ. Escuela Cingalesa para sordos y Ciegos Ratmalana, Sri Lanka. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e14. 14. Noguera Palau JJ. El ojo de Homola. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2013;88:e42. ˜ del siglo xv 15. Barbon JJ, Sampedro A. Gafas en el arte espanol (I). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2012;87:378–80. ˜ del siglo xv 16. Barbon JJ, Sampedro A. Gafas en el arte espanol (II). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2013;88:e39–41. 17. Gonzalez Martín-Moro J, Azurza Rivas G. John Singer Sargent, ˜ y los horrores de la guerra química. Arch Soc Esp Espana Oftalmol. 2014;89:e16–8. 18. Sampedro López A. Un enigma de Juan Salinas (s. XVII). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e8. 19. Barbon JJ, Sampedro A. Vendedores ambulantes de gafas. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2013;88:e1–3. 20. Ruiz-Medrano J, Santos-Bueso E, García-Sánchez J. Charles Bonnet y sus teorías. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2013;88:e68–9.
ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE OFTALMOLOGÍA www.elsevier.es/oftalmologia
Editorial
Ophthalmology, history and humanities夽,夽夽 Oftalmología, historia y humanidades E. Santos-Bueso a , M.C. Fernández-Jacob b , A. Asorey-García a , E. Sánchez-Jacob c , I. Cerván-López d , S. Jiménez-Carmona e , C. Rodríguez-Bermejo f , C. Gutiérrez-Ortiz g , J.J. García-Medina h , A. Arteaga-Sánchez i , I. Vinuesa-Silva j , J.M. Vinuesa-Silva k , J. García-Sánchez a a
Unidad de Neurooftalmología, Servicio de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain b Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain c Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain d Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Sanitas La Moraleja, Madrid, Spain e Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain f Servicio de Oftalmología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain g Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain h Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain i Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain j Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Punta Europa, Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain k Cátedra de Oftalmología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
This year we celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the creation of the History and Humanities Group of the Ophthalmology Society of Spain. The group was founded in 1994 during the LXXth Congress of the Ophthalmology Society of Spain in Tenerife by intellectually enthusiastic ophthalmologists with the aim of promoting and supporting the study of history of our specialty as well as of Humanities. To discuss this fascinating and interesting project, the founding group met at one of the terraces of the Bahía del Duque hotel complex. These were Dr. Gustavo Leoz, Dr. Juan Murube del Castillo, Dr. Emiliano Hernández, Dr. José Luis Munoa, Dr. José Luis Cotallo de Cáceres, who was to be the first president of the Group of History and Humanities in Ophthalmology and Dr. Fathi Diab, the current president of the group (Figs. 1 and 2). One year before, the presentation of the 69th official paper of the
Ophthalmological Society of Spain under the title History of Spanish Ophthalmology,1 offered by Drs. Cotallo, Hernández, Munoa and Leoz, was a turning point for the importance given to history and humanities in our Society. Humanities and Ophthalmology are 2 fields of knowledge which nowadays seem difficult to relate. At present, the idea of a physician as a professional who, in addition to his daily activity with patients, is capable of contributing something else to society is difficult to implement. The increasing specialization of medicine in general and particularly in ophthalmology means that increasingly ophthalmologists focus on remaining up to date on technical and scientific developments in detriment of other areas of supplementary science, art and philosophy. Many of us have become efficient professionals on the subject matter of our specialty but we have largely excluded other activities which in former times made
夽 Please cite this article as: Santos-Bueso E, Fernández-Jacob MC, Asorey-García A, Sánchez-Jacob E, Cerván-López I, Jiménez-Carmona S, et al. Oftalmología, historia y humanidades. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:213–215. 夽夽 Dedicated to the founders of the History and Humanities Group of the Ophthalmology Society of Spain by way of homage and follow-up.
˜ 2173-5794/© 2014 Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
214
a r c h s o c e s p o f t a l m o l . 2 0 1 4;8 9(6):213–215
Group History and Humanities of the Ophthalmology
Fig. 1 – Symbol of the History and Humanities Group of the Ophthalmology Society of Spain, designed and prepared by Dr. José Luis Cotallo de Cáceres. © Information Oftalmológica.
of medicine not only a scientific but also a humanistic and philosophical endeavor. This specialization of knowledge is typical of present day society, perhaps due to the influence of the Anglo-Saxon
culture in which professionals are expected to know everything about one single topic and nothing about anything else. Even within ophthalmology, current sub-specialization has given rise to the fact that even though we can produce better diagnostics and highly complex treatments, we sometimes miss the overall vision of what ocular diseases are actually about. Certainly we can recall the contributions made by numer˜ one ous physicians to humanities. Dr. Gregorio Maranón, of the foremost examples of Humanities who succeeded in developing the philosophical aspect of the physician–patient relationship, is considered at present as a prototype of humanistic Renaissance individual who had deep knowledge about multiple fields of science, art and philosophy. In our own specialty and at this point in time, we have Dr. Mario Esteban de Antonio, the new Homo universalis, an eminent ophthalmologist and strabologist and above all a man of science and historian of ophthalmology, in addition to being a poet, musician and essayist. In his brilliant and extraordinary treatise titled History of Oculistics with especial dedication to strabology2,3 he has skillfully brought together humanistic and ophthalmological knowledge. At present, numerous papers are being published in the historic and iconographic section of Archivos de la Sociedad Espa˜nola de Oftalmología,4–20 which emphasizes the interests of authors and readers in these sections. In addition, the annual meetings of the group, convened during the National Ophthalmology Congress, are enjoying increased attendance as an expression of interest and the presentation of selected papers and a keynote conference given by foremost specialist on the matter. In summary, for 20 years already the free and open tribune of the History and Humanities Group in Ophthalmology is dedicated to promoting dialogue and joint reflection about the
Fig. 2 – Founders of the History and Humanities Group at the LXX Congress of the Ophthalmology Society of Spain in 1994 in the island of Tenerife. © Information Oftalmológica.
a r c h s o c e s p o f t a l m o l . 2 0 1 4;8 9(6):213–215
past of our specialty and other related branches of knowledge as well as about our future in these complex and agitated times dominated by a markedly technological focus.
references
1. Cotallo JL, Hernández E, Munoa JL, Leoz G. Historia de la ˜ ˜ oftalmología espanola. 69 ponencia de la Sociedad Espanola ˜ de Oftalmología. Madrid: Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmología; 1993. 2. Esteban de Antonio M. Historia de la oculística con especial dedicación a la estrabología. Madrid: Editorial Mac Line SL; 2011. 3. Santos-Bueso E. Historia de la oculística con especial dedicación a la estrabología. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2012;87:417–8. 4. Fernández Jacob MC. El simbolismo en la obra de Odilon Redon. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e19–22. 5. Fernández Jacob MC. Cataratas en la obra pictórica de Claude Monet. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e5–7. 6. Gutiérrez Ortiz Cl. In ictu oculi (En un abrir y cerrar de ojos). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2013;88:e49–50. 7. Gutiérrez Ortiz Cl. Las gafas como signo de riqueza y de erudición en la Virgen del canónigo van der Paele. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2013;88:e65–6. 8. Asorey-García A, Santos-Bueso E, García-Sánchez J. La ceguera del ojo derecho de lord Horatio Nelson (I). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e27–9.
215
9. Asorey-García A, Santos-Bueso E, García-Sánchez J. La ceguera del ojo derecho de lord Horatio Nelson (II). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e10–1. 10. Santos-Bueso E, Sáenz-Francés F, García-Sánchez J. Patología ocular en la obra de Pieter Brueghel el Viejo (IV). El vino de la fiesta de san Martín. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e23–5. 11. Santos-Bueso E, Sáenz-Francés F, García-Sánchez J. Patología ocular en la obra de Pieter Brueghel el Viejo (V). El triunfo de la muerte. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e30–2. 12. Santos-Bueso E, Sáenz-Francés F, García-Sánchez J. Santa Lucía en el Museo Nacional del Prado (I). Retablo de la leyenda de Santa Lucía del Maestro de Estimariú (1357–1385). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e33–5. 13. Noguera Palau JJ. Escuela Cingalesa para sordos y Ciegos Ratmalana, Sri Lanka. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e14. 14. Noguera Palau JJ. El ojo de Homola. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2013;88:e42. ˜ del siglo xv 15. Barbon JJ, Sampedro A. Gafas en el arte espanol (I). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2012;87:378–80. ˜ del siglo xv 16. Barbon JJ, Sampedro A. Gafas en el arte espanol (II). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2013;88:e39–41. 17. Gonzalez Martín-Moro J, Azurza Rivas G. John Singer Sargent, ˜ y los horrores de la guerra química. Arch Soc Esp Espana Oftalmol. 2014;89:e16–8. 18. Sampedro López A. Un enigma de Juan Salinas (s. XVII). Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014;89:e8. 19. Barbon JJ, Sampedro A. Vendedores ambulantes de gafas. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2013;88:e1–3. 20. Ruiz-Medrano J, Santos-Bueso E, García-Sánchez J. Charles Bonnet y sus teorías. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2013;88:e68–9.