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Permanent displacement of liquified ground
358A 936202 Seismic analysis of embankment dams Siddiqi, F H; Fragaszy, R J Proc Ninth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Bangkok, 9-13 December 1991 V1, P429-432. Publ Thailand." Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, 1991 Cyclic strength parameters are not well characterised for very coarse fills because of scarcity of large cyclic triaxial cells capable of handling fills containing gravel and cobbles. Methods of modelling such fills based on analysis of soil matrix alone have severe limitations. A new method of modelling, the matrix method, is presented in which effects of oversize particles on void ratio in both the far field and the immediate vicinity of the large particles are considered and influence on compaction examined. Large scale tests on gravelly fill materials confirm the validity of the model. 936203 Permanent displacement of liquefied ground Towhata, I; Sasaki, Y; Tokida, K; Matsumoto, H; Tamari, Y Proc Ninth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Bangkok, 9-13 December 1991 V1, P437-440. Publ Thailand." Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, 1991
than those measured at depth. Velocities are also sensitive to surface roughness or weathering. The probe is primarily for initial, qualitative examination of rocks. 936206 Laboratory simulation of core damage induced by stress release Holt, R M; Kenter, C J Proc 33rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Santa Fe, 3-5 June 1992 P959-968. Publ Rotterdam." A A Balkema, 1992 Experiments carried out on synthetic sandstones (sand plus epoxy) formed under pressure in a triaxial cell are described. Uniaxial compression and triaxial tests have been carried out with samples tested directly or after unloading (coring) and reloading. Acoustic velocity and acoustic emission measurements were made during these tests. Permanent damage is seen on coring, leading to reduced stiffness, residual volume strain, and possibly reduced strength. Implications for analysis of petroleum reservoir cores are discussed. 936207 Seismic behavior of fractures under normal compression Nihei, K T; Cooke, N G W Proc 33rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Santa Fe, 3-5 June 1992 P989-997. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1992
Shaking table tests to study the lateral displacement of the ground under seismic excitation are reported. The liquified soil behaves as a liquid acted on by gravity forces. Lateral displacement is a maximum at the top of the liquefied layer, where there is no slip between the liquefied layer and the overlying surface unsaturated layer, and a minimum at the base of the liquified layer. An explicit solution for lateral soil movement is derived on the basis of the principle of minimum potential energy and the experimental data, and is applied to several case histories.
Stress-displacement, acoustic emission, and ultrasonic P and S wave transmission were measured concurrently during axial loading of cylindrical specimens of Berea sandstones containing single fractures perpendicular to the loading direction. Results show fracture stiffness increases with stress in a nonlinear manner, with considerable hysteresis during the first loading cycle as a result of inelastic grain and asperity crushing between the fracture surfaces. The fracture affected P and S wave amplitudes far more than static or dynamic Young's moduli.
936204 Post-earthquake slope stability of two dams with liquefied gravel foundations Sykora, D W; Koester, J P; Wahl, R E; Hynes, M E Proc Conference Stability and Performance o f Slopes and Embankments I!, Berkeley, 29 Jane-1 July 1992 112, P9901005. Publ New York: ASCE, 1992 ( A S C E Special Geotechnical Publication No 31)
936208 Elastic interface waves along a fracture: theory and experiment Pyrak-Nolte, L J; Xu, J; Haley, G M Proc 33rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Santa Fe, 3-5 June 1992 P999-1007. Publ Rotterdam." A A Balkema, 1992
Post-earthquake stability analyses of the Mormon Island Auxilliary (California) and Ride (Idaho) Dams are presented. Liquefaction potential of the gravel in the foundations was evaluated using the Becker Hammer penetration test. Extensive liquefied zones are indicated in the case of the Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE). Slope stability following foundation liquefaction was examined by limit equilibrium analysis. One dam, with moderate MCE, is expected to become unstable whilst the other, with much larger MCE, will remain stable. The need for thorough dynamic evaluation at the design stage is emphasised.
936205 Hand-held velocity probe for rapid outcrop and core characterization Batzle, M L; Smith, B J Proc 33rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Santa Fe, 3-5 June 1992 P949-958. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1992 A lightweight portable ultrasonic velocity probe has been developed for rapid measurements on outcrops or detached samples. A range of rock properties can be estimated from the velocity data. Good correlation is seen with lithology and in situ logs, but as measurements are made at zero effective pressure and generally incomplete saturation, velocities are lower
The existence of elastic interface waves travelling along fractures is derived by modelling the fractures as non-welded interfaces. Laboratory measurements have been made of elastic interface waves using synthetic fractures in low attenuation aluminium. These waves were seen for S waves polarised perpendicular to the fracture plane but not for parallel polarisation. Group velocities of the waves were evaluated as functions of stress. Normal and shear stiffnesses of the fracture are predicted on the basis of the group velocities.
936209 Feasibility study of modal analysis in geotechnical engineering field phase Sun, X; Hardy, H R Proc 33rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Santa Fe, 3-5 June 1992 P1019-1028. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1992 Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA), developed in vibration engineering, is a nondestructive technique to characterise materials and engineering structures on the basis of their dynamic behaviour. Previous laboratory work has shown that modal frequencies of rock structures shift due to introduction of a defect and direct indications of how and where the structure was damaged can be obtained. Instrumentation, techniques, and interpretation of field tests using a large rock block are described and potential for development is discussed.
© 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
than those measured at depth. Velocities are also sensitive to surface roughness or weathering. The probe is primarily for initial, qualitative examination of rocks. 936206 Laboratory simulation of core damage induced by stress release Holt, R M; Kenter, C J Proc 33rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Santa Fe, 3-5 June 1992 P959-968. Publ Rotterdam." A A Balkema, 1992 Experiments carried out on synthetic sandstones (sand plus epoxy) formed under pressure in a triaxial cell are described. Uniaxial compression and triaxial tests have been carried out with samples tested directly or after unloading (coring) and reloading. Acoustic velocity and acoustic emission measurements were made during these tests. Permanent damage is seen on coring, leading to reduced stiffness, residual volume strain, and possibly reduced strength. Implications for analysis of petroleum reservoir cores are discussed. 936207 Seismic behavior of fractures under normal compression Nihei, K T; Cooke, N G W Proc 33rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Santa Fe, 3-5 June 1992 P989-997. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1992
Shaking table tests to study the lateral displacement of the ground under seismic excitation are reported. The liquified soil behaves as a liquid acted on by gravity forces. Lateral displacement is a maximum at the top of the liquefied layer, where there is no slip between the liquefied layer and the overlying surface unsaturated layer, and a minimum at the base of the liquified layer. An explicit solution for lateral soil movement is derived on the basis of the principle of minimum potential energy and the experimental data, and is applied to several case histories.
Stress-displacement, acoustic emission, and ultrasonic P and S wave transmission were measured concurrently during axial loading of cylindrical specimens of Berea sandstones containing single fractures perpendicular to the loading direction. Results show fracture stiffness increases with stress in a nonlinear manner, with considerable hysteresis during the first loading cycle as a result of inelastic grain and asperity crushing between the fracture surfaces. The fracture affected P and S wave amplitudes far more than static or dynamic Young's moduli.
936204 Post-earthquake slope stability of two dams with liquefied gravel foundations Sykora, D W; Koester, J P; Wahl, R E; Hynes, M E Proc Conference Stability and Performance o f Slopes and Embankments I!, Berkeley, 29 Jane-1 July 1992 112, P9901005. Publ New York: ASCE, 1992 ( A S C E Special Geotechnical Publication No 31)
936208 Elastic interface waves along a fracture: theory and experiment Pyrak-Nolte, L J; Xu, J; Haley, G M Proc 33rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Santa Fe, 3-5 June 1992 P999-1007. Publ Rotterdam." A A Balkema, 1992
Post-earthquake stability analyses of the Mormon Island Auxilliary (California) and Ride (Idaho) Dams are presented. Liquefaction potential of the gravel in the foundations was evaluated using the Becker Hammer penetration test. Extensive liquefied zones are indicated in the case of the Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE). Slope stability following foundation liquefaction was examined by limit equilibrium analysis. One dam, with moderate MCE, is expected to become unstable whilst the other, with much larger MCE, will remain stable. The need for thorough dynamic evaluation at the design stage is emphasised.
936205 Hand-held velocity probe for rapid outcrop and core characterization Batzle, M L; Smith, B J Proc 33rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Santa Fe, 3-5 June 1992 P949-958. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1992 A lightweight portable ultrasonic velocity probe has been developed for rapid measurements on outcrops or detached samples. A range of rock properties can be estimated from the velocity data. Good correlation is seen with lithology and in situ logs, but as measurements are made at zero effective pressure and generally incomplete saturation, velocities are lower
The existence of elastic interface waves travelling along fractures is derived by modelling the fractures as non-welded interfaces. Laboratory measurements have been made of elastic interface waves using synthetic fractures in low attenuation aluminium. These waves were seen for S waves polarised perpendicular to the fracture plane but not for parallel polarisation. Group velocities of the waves were evaluated as functions of stress. Normal and shear stiffnesses of the fracture are predicted on the basis of the group velocities.
936209 Feasibility study of modal analysis in geotechnical engineering field phase Sun, X; Hardy, H R Proc 33rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Santa Fe, 3-5 June 1992 P1019-1028. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1992 Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA), developed in vibration engineering, is a nondestructive technique to characterise materials and engineering structures on the basis of their dynamic behaviour. Previous laboratory work has shown that modal frequencies of rock structures shift due to introduction of a defect and direct indications of how and where the structure was damaged can be obtained. Instrumentation, techniques, and interpretation of field tests using a large rock block are described and potential for development is discussed.
© 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted