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Pharmacology and dental therapeutics. A textbook for students and practitioners
Department
of Orthodontic
Abstracts
Edited DR.
All communications ance of articles
J. A.
SALZMANN,
and Reviews
by NEW
YORK
CITY
concerning further information about abstracted material and the acceptor books for consideration in this department should be addressed to Dr. J. A. Salzmann, 651 Madison Avenue, New York City.
Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, A Textbook for Students and Pmtitioners : By Hermann Prinz, A.M., D.D.S., M.D., Sc.D., Dr. med. dent., Professor Emeritus of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, The Thomas W. Evans Museum and Dental Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Pennsylvania, and U. Garfield Rickert, A.M., D.D.S., Late Professor of Diagnosis, Dental Therapeutics and Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan. Eighth edition, thoroughly revised by Edward C. Dobbs, D.D.S., Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, Dental School, University of Maryland; Member of the Associate Committee on Dental Preparations of the National Formulary Committee. Pp. 505, Price $6.50, St. Louis, 1941, The C. V. Mosby Co. This has been an accepted standard work on pharmacology and dental therapeutics for over forty years. The present edition, the eighth since the book was first published in 1909, has been completely revised and the title has been changed from Dental Mate&a Medica a*ncl Therapeutics to Pharmacology a& Dental Therapeutics in order to conform with the change in emphasis from materia medica to pharmacodynamics. The drugs and preparations mentioned in the present revision have been brought up to date and conform to the latest revisions of the United States Pharmacopoeia, the National Pormular?l, and New and NonoficiaI Remedies for 1940, and the sixth edition of Accepted Dental Remedies. The nature of drug action and the method of administering medicines are discussed. Many formulae are provided of preparations for use in the mouth and on the teeth. The pharmacologic action of local and general anesthetics is discussed. Sulfanilamide and its derivatives are included in the subject matter. The authors advise the novice to obtain consultation before prescribing the drug or else to have the patient hospitalized for observation and regular blood studies. They point out that the drug is highly poisonous to some patients and may produce a variety of toxic symptoms such as acidosis, fever, dermatitis, hepatitis, anemia, leucopenia, and death. The use of sulfanilamide and its derivatives in dentistry, these authors feel, is still in the experimental stage. For local application the authors quote Kayne as suggesting a crushed 5-grain tablet to be inserted in the infected alveolus and repeated if necessary. The use of arsphenamine as a local application in Vincent’s stomatitis is described. The present edition was revised by Dobbs who has produced a practical and modern work from which outmoded drugs and remedies have been eliminated. 373
374
ORTHODONTIC
ABSTRACTS
AND
REVIEWS
The chapters on anesthetics are complete in their description of the pharmacologic action and on the method of employing specific drugs. Horace Wells is credited with the introduction of nitrous oxide to the practice of dentistry. The organization of the subject matter will make it possible for the practicing dentist to use this book constantly as a practical text and reference. An adequate index has been provided,
J. A. S. The Etiology By William
of Acute
Infectious
Gingivostomatitis
(Vincent,% Stomatitis) 20: 145, 1942.
:
C. Black, M.D., San Diego, Calif., J. Yedib.
The purpose of this report is to present clinical and experimental evidence to prove that the herpes simplex virus is the primary etiologic agent of that common disease of early childhood which in a previous publication I have designated by the descriptive term “acute infectious gingivostomatitis, ” a disorder variously known as Vincent’s stomatitis, Vincent’s angina, ulcerative or ulceromembranous stomatitis, fusospirochetal stomatitis, trench mouth, etc. Filtrable viruses and etiology.-Filtrable viruses cannot b’e dealt with exactly as are bacteria in establishing an etiologic relationship to a specific disease. Nevertheless, the spirit of Koch’s postulates still guides us. Rivers, in a discussion of viruses and Koch’s postulates, states, “ (a) A specific virus must be found associated with a disease with a degree of regularity. (b) The virus must be shown to occur in the sick individual not as an incidental or accidental finding but as the cause of the disease under investigation.” In dealing with an ubiquitous agent, such as the virus of herpes simplex, evidence of an etiologic relationship to the disease in question should be viewed critically lest we be misled in the same manner as the proponents of the fusospirochetal theory have been in the past. One might expect to obtain a frequent history of exposure, either to someone with a “cold sore” or to a case of the disease in question. In ‘7 of the 21 patients (i.e.; 33 per cent), there was a definite history of intimate exposure to someone with a herpes simplex lesion of the lip, and in 2 other patients (9.5 per cent) there was a known exposure to a case of acute infectious gingivostomatitis, making a total of 42.5 per cent of the cases which followed known exposure to the herpes simplex virus. On the other hand, only 1 (7.7 per cent) of the 13 control patients gave such a history of exposure. The seasonal incidence of acute infectious gingivostomatitis should parallel the seasonal incidence of other types of herpetic infection in the same community. No accurate data on the seasonal incidence of “cold sores” in this locality during the course of this study could be obtained. However, it is a local clinical impression that “cold sores” in ambulatory patients occur more frequently in the summer when the predisposing factors of sunburn, chapping, windburn, etc., are most active. Sixteen, or 76.2 per cent, of the patients were observed in the six calendar months from April to October, which indicates a probable correlation of seasonal incidence. There should be no basic incompatibilities between the known clinical effects of herpetic infection and the clinical features of this disease. No basic in-
of Orthodontic
Abstracts
Edited DR.
All communications ance of articles
J. A.
SALZMANN,
and Reviews
by NEW
YORK
CITY
concerning further information about abstracted material and the acceptor books for consideration in this department should be addressed to Dr. J. A. Salzmann, 651 Madison Avenue, New York City.
Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, A Textbook for Students and Pmtitioners : By Hermann Prinz, A.M., D.D.S., M.D., Sc.D., Dr. med. dent., Professor Emeritus of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, The Thomas W. Evans Museum and Dental Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Pennsylvania, and U. Garfield Rickert, A.M., D.D.S., Late Professor of Diagnosis, Dental Therapeutics and Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan. Eighth edition, thoroughly revised by Edward C. Dobbs, D.D.S., Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, Dental School, University of Maryland; Member of the Associate Committee on Dental Preparations of the National Formulary Committee. Pp. 505, Price $6.50, St. Louis, 1941, The C. V. Mosby Co. This has been an accepted standard work on pharmacology and dental therapeutics for over forty years. The present edition, the eighth since the book was first published in 1909, has been completely revised and the title has been changed from Dental Mate&a Medica a*ncl Therapeutics to Pharmacology a& Dental Therapeutics in order to conform with the change in emphasis from materia medica to pharmacodynamics. The drugs and preparations mentioned in the present revision have been brought up to date and conform to the latest revisions of the United States Pharmacopoeia, the National Pormular?l, and New and NonoficiaI Remedies for 1940, and the sixth edition of Accepted Dental Remedies. The nature of drug action and the method of administering medicines are discussed. Many formulae are provided of preparations for use in the mouth and on the teeth. The pharmacologic action of local and general anesthetics is discussed. Sulfanilamide and its derivatives are included in the subject matter. The authors advise the novice to obtain consultation before prescribing the drug or else to have the patient hospitalized for observation and regular blood studies. They point out that the drug is highly poisonous to some patients and may produce a variety of toxic symptoms such as acidosis, fever, dermatitis, hepatitis, anemia, leucopenia, and death. The use of sulfanilamide and its derivatives in dentistry, these authors feel, is still in the experimental stage. For local application the authors quote Kayne as suggesting a crushed 5-grain tablet to be inserted in the infected alveolus and repeated if necessary. The use of arsphenamine as a local application in Vincent’s stomatitis is described. The present edition was revised by Dobbs who has produced a practical and modern work from which outmoded drugs and remedies have been eliminated. 373
374
ORTHODONTIC
ABSTRACTS
AND
REVIEWS
The chapters on anesthetics are complete in their description of the pharmacologic action and on the method of employing specific drugs. Horace Wells is credited with the introduction of nitrous oxide to the practice of dentistry. The organization of the subject matter will make it possible for the practicing dentist to use this book constantly as a practical text and reference. An adequate index has been provided,
J. A. S. The Etiology By William
of Acute
Infectious
Gingivostomatitis
(Vincent,% Stomatitis) 20: 145, 1942.
:
C. Black, M.D., San Diego, Calif., J. Yedib.
The purpose of this report is to present clinical and experimental evidence to prove that the herpes simplex virus is the primary etiologic agent of that common disease of early childhood which in a previous publication I have designated by the descriptive term “acute infectious gingivostomatitis, ” a disorder variously known as Vincent’s stomatitis, Vincent’s angina, ulcerative or ulceromembranous stomatitis, fusospirochetal stomatitis, trench mouth, etc. Filtrable viruses and etiology.-Filtrable viruses cannot b’e dealt with exactly as are bacteria in establishing an etiologic relationship to a specific disease. Nevertheless, the spirit of Koch’s postulates still guides us. Rivers, in a discussion of viruses and Koch’s postulates, states, “ (a) A specific virus must be found associated with a disease with a degree of regularity. (b) The virus must be shown to occur in the sick individual not as an incidental or accidental finding but as the cause of the disease under investigation.” In dealing with an ubiquitous agent, such as the virus of herpes simplex, evidence of an etiologic relationship to the disease in question should be viewed critically lest we be misled in the same manner as the proponents of the fusospirochetal theory have been in the past. One might expect to obtain a frequent history of exposure, either to someone with a “cold sore” or to a case of the disease in question. In ‘7 of the 21 patients (i.e.; 33 per cent), there was a definite history of intimate exposure to someone with a herpes simplex lesion of the lip, and in 2 other patients (9.5 per cent) there was a known exposure to a case of acute infectious gingivostomatitis, making a total of 42.5 per cent of the cases which followed known exposure to the herpes simplex virus. On the other hand, only 1 (7.7 per cent) of the 13 control patients gave such a history of exposure. The seasonal incidence of acute infectious gingivostomatitis should parallel the seasonal incidence of other types of herpetic infection in the same community. No accurate data on the seasonal incidence of “cold sores” in this locality during the course of this study could be obtained. However, it is a local clinical impression that “cold sores” in ambulatory patients occur more frequently in the summer when the predisposing factors of sunburn, chapping, windburn, etc., are most active. Sixteen, or 76.2 per cent, of the patients were observed in the six calendar months from April to October, which indicates a probable correlation of seasonal incidence. There should be no basic incompatibilities between the known clinical effects of herpetic infection and the clinical features of this disease. No basic in-