- Email: [email protected]
Pioneers in Hand Surgery
Pioneers in Hand Surgery Acknowledged at the Third International Congress, Tokyo, Japan, Nov. 3, 1986 Those physicians who have specialized in Hand Surgery have fortunately come from a variety of disciplines. They have applied their knowledge and skills in general surgery, plastic surgery, orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery, anatomy, physiology, pediatrics, neurology, rheumatology, and engineering to the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases, disorders, and injuries that affect the hand. The hand separates us from lower animal species and performs the work of the human brain in all its transactions of labor, communications, and expressions with skill, speed, precision, power, and sensitivity. The knowledge of this specialty is relatively new in the world and has been developed and disseminated through the works and contributions of many great individuals. Appropriate recognition of these persons is difficult. Listing names of those Pioneers who appear in our literature has been done. Recognizing those living persons who have spent their lives to further our specialty is the purpose of this presentation (Fig. 1). The International Federation derives its strength from the support of every practicing Hand Surgeon. There are many devoted surgeons who have contributed significantly to the field of hand surgery, for which we are most indebted. There
is a unique group of senior persons whose contributions and teachings have been felt worldwide to be basic to our development. At future Congresses, recognition of others who will have contributed uniquely to the speciality will be extended. The Council of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand has reviewed and discussed a list of these important persons and takes great pleasure in presenting them to you. To recognize a Pioneer for his great contributions is enriching to all of us. The Federation considers it most appropriate that official praise and commendation be extended to our Pioneers in grateful recognition of their truly exemplary record of contributions to the field of hand surgery and to people everywhere. This occasion provides us an opportunity to recognize those who have come before us, and particularly these gentlemen who by their wealth of discoveries and advances in hand surgery have so vastly improved the lives of thousands of persons the world over.
LIVING PIONEERS OF HAND SURGERY
Professor Amako graduated from the Kyushu Imperial University, Faculty of Medicine, where he became Lecturer and then Assistant Professor in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. In 1936 he received “Igaku-hakase” (PhD). He further studied orthopedic surgery in Germany and Switzerland. After 6 years of military service in an army hospital, he was appointed Professor of Orthopedic Surgery-first at Niigata University, and then at Kyushu University, where he later became the Dean of the School of Medicine. He was appointed member of the Committee of Exchange of Scholars, US-Japan Scientific Corp. (1964). Professor An-&o was president of many national and international congresses, including the first meeting of the Asian Society of Plastic Surgery (1963), the International Meeting of the International Medical Society of Paraplegia (1964), the Third Congress of the Japanese Society of Rehabilitation Medicine (1966), the First Congress of the Japanese Medical Society of Paraplegia (1966), the Twelfth Congress of the Japanese Rheumatism Association (1968), and the Fourteenth Congress of the International Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Professor Tamikazu Amako Paul W. Brand, CBE, FRCS Martin A. Entin, MD Professor Johan M. F. Landsmeer J. William Littler, MD Professor Erik Moberg Professor Raoul Tubiana Professor Claude Verdan HONORED BUT NOT IN ATTENDANCE
Joseph H. Boyes, MD Mario Gonzalez-Ulloa, MD Marc Iselin, MD Sir Benjamin Rank H. Graham Stack, FRCS Sir Sidney Sunderland Kauko J. Vainio, MD PROFESSOR TAMIKAZU AMAKO
Professor Amako was highly responsible for the development of the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand, which held its first annual meeting in Kobe in July 1957. He has also been a dynamic leader in all aspects of orthopaedic surgery in Japan and Asia. 342
THEJOURNAL
OF HAND SURGERY
Alfred B. Swanson, MD President, International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand
(SICOT) .
Professor Amako was President of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (1952 to 1953). He is an Honorary Member of the German Orthopaedic Association and an Honorary Fellow of the British Orthopaedic Association. Professor
Vol. 14A, No. 2, Part 2 March 1989
Pioneers in Hand Surgery
343
Fig. 1. Pioneers of hand surgery: Back row, left to right-Paul Verdan, Bill Littler, Erik Moberg, and Raoul Tubiana.
Brand, Tamikazu Amako, Claude and Martin Entin. Front row, left to right-Johan Landsmeer
Amako was awarded the First Order of the Sacred Treasure by the Japanese government in 1979. PAUL W. BRAND, CBE, FRCS Dr. Brand has made major contributions to surgery of the paralytic patient. His scientific, devoted, and humanitarian work in the care of leprosy-deformities in the hand and foot in Vellore, India, is a classic. His concern for the worldwide control of Hansen’s disease has continued after his relocation to the United States. Dr. Brand was born in India of missionary parents. He earned his Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery degrees from the University Hospital in London, England, and was a Resident Surgical Officer at the Hospital for Sick Children, at London University. Dr. Brand returned to Vellore, India, where he was Professor of Orthopedic Surgery at the Christian Medical College from 1946 to 1964 and also Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. At the University of Madras, Dr. Brand was examiner in surgery and orthopedic surgery and a member of the Academic Council. He was also a member of the Review Committee of
Indian Council of Medical Research and served as Surgeon to the ALERT program in Ethiopia. Dr. Brand has been Chief of the Rehabilitation Branch at the Hansen’s Disease Center, Carville, La., since 1966. He has been Clinical Professor of Surgery and Orthopaedics at the Louisiana State University Medical School, Baton Rouge, and the Department of Physical Therapy at their School of Allied Health Profession. His long list of honorary appointments include consultant on surgery and rehabilitation to the Leprosy Mission, London, and the American Leprosy Missions, member of the Expert Panel on Leprosy of the World Health Organization, consultant on rehabilitation to the Pan American and World Health Organizations, member of the Medical Advisory Committee of All-African Leprosy and Rehabilitation Training Center in Ethiopia, and member of the Advisory Board of the Pan American Health Organization International Center for Training and Research in Leprosy and Related Diseases. Dr. Brand is Associate Editor of the International Journal of Leprosy and Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Schieffelin Research Sanatorium in India.
344
Pioneers in Hand Surgery
Dr. Brand has received many honors and distinctions for his outstanding contributions. He was Hunterian Professor of the Royal College of Surgeons in England (1952 and 1962). He received the Albert Laskar Award, was decorated “Commander of the Order of the British Empire,” has received the Medal of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons and the Founders’ Medal of the National Rehabilitation Association, the Gold Medal of the Swedish Red Cross, the DamienDutton Award, the Distinguished Service Award of the Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, and has an honorary degree of Doctor of Law from Wheaton College, Wheaton, 111. Dr. Brand is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine (retired), the British Orthopaedic Association, the Royal College of Surgeons, and the American College of Surgeons. He is a member of numerous orthopaedic, hand surgery, and plastic and reconstructive surgery societies in the world. Dr. Brand is the author of 58 scientific articles, 35 chapters in medical textbooks, and three of his own books. He and his wife, Margaret, currently reside in Seattle, Wash. MARTIN A. ENTIN, MD Dr. Martin Entin’s International Conference on Hand Surgery in Montreal in 1963 was one of the first formal seminars to encourage a dialogue among hand surgeons from around the world. Dr. Entin repeated this meeting at the Royal Victoria Hospital for many years. Dr. Entin was born in Simferopole, Crimea. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Temple University, Philadelphia, and his Masters of Science and Doctorate in Medicine from McGill University, Montreal, Canada. After a general surgery residency, he completed his training in plastic surgery at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal. He was a National Research Council Fellow at McGill University and at Stanford University Hospital, San Francisco, Calif., under the aegis of Dr. Sterling Bunnell. He won the American Educational Foundation Traveling Fellowship to European Centers in 1955. Early in his career Dr. Entin became interested in research and made major contributions to hand surgery including studies of thermal burns, cold injuries, roller and wringer injuries, transplantation of autogenous joints, and congenital anomalies of the upper extremity. Dr. Entin has spent most of his career in affiliation with the Plastic Surgery Sub-Department of the Royal Victoria Hospital, where he served as Acting Surgeon-in-Charge, Surgeon-in-Charge, and is currently Honorary Attending Surgeon. He has been a longtime Lecturer and Associate Professor of Surgery at McGill University. He has published a great number of articles on hand surgery and has been a Visiting Professor in many countries in the world, including the United States, Israel, China, and South America. Dr. Entin has received many honors and awards for his contributions to the field of plastic surgery and hand surgery. He was President of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (1973 to 1974), President of the Montreal Medical Chirurgical Society (1982 to 1983), and North American
The Journal of HAND SURGERY
Chairman of the Pan American Medical Association, Plastic Surgery Section (1983 to date). He has been recently honored by the Quebec Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons for meritorious contribution to the field of plastic surgery. Dr. Entin has a special interest in photography, sculpture, anthropology, and writing. He and his supportive wife. Laura, reside in Montreal, Canada. PROFESSOR JOHAN M. F. LANDSMEER Professor Landsmeer has dedicated his career to basic sciences and especially to the anatomy or human morphology as applied to hand surgery. He has made enormous contributions to the understanding of the function of the hand, its deformities, and the biomechanical and anatomic basis for its action. His thorough investigations on the precise anatomic basis for movement have made his work recognized and appreciated worldwide. Professor Landsmeer is a native of Rotterdam, Holland, and obtained his Doctorate in Medicine in 1947. In 1960, he was appointed Professor at the Department of Anatomy and Embryology of the University of Leiden, where he is now Professor Emeritus. He was appointed Consultant in Hand Anatomy on the Research project of the Ampersand Research Group (Charles Long, Director, Cleveland, Ohio) and also at the Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York. Professor Landsmeer gave the Founders’ Lecture at the annual meeting of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand in 1965. Professor Landsmeer was Chairman of the International Committee of the “International Conference on Biomechanics and Clinical Kinesiology of Hand and Foot” held in Madras, India, in 1985. He was the Guest Professor in Anatomy at the Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India (1986). Professor Landsmeer is an Honorary Member of the American, British, and Dutch Societies for Surgery of the Hand. He is a member of the French and the Argentinian Societies for Surgery of the Hand and the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Professor Landsmeer is the author of many scientific publications. He and his wife, Annelies, reside in Oegstgeest, The Netherlands . J. WILLIAM LITTLER, MD, FACS Dr. J. William Littler, writer, teacher, surgeon, and artist, came out of the Army Medical Corps after World War II as a leader and innovator of reconstructive surgery for the posttraumatic hand. He has continued to lead in this area, particularly for reconstruction of the thumb. He received his medical degree from Duke University, Durham, N.C., completed a surgical internship at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md., a general surgery residency at Roosevelt Hospital, New York, and a plastic surgery residency at Presbyterian Hospital, New York, under Jerome P. Webster. Dr. Littler was a William S. Halsted Fellow in Surgery at the Johns Hopkins University (1943). He received the New York Academy of Medicine Bowen Brooks Fellowship Award (1946) and the Foundation Award of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (1952).
Vol. 14A, No. 2, Part 2 March 1989
Dr. Littler served as a Major in the specialized Hand Center at the Cushing and Valley Forge General Hospitals (1944 to 1947) and was a civilian consultant in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery through the Korean War (1950 to 1954). He was a volunteer physician for South Vietnam to train Vietnamese surgeons in hand surgery and help take care of their wounded ( 1969). Dr. Littler is now Senior Attending Surgeon and Codirector of the Hand Surgery Service at The St. Luke’s_Roosevelt Hospital Medical Center, Professor of Clinical Surgery at Columbia University, Associate in Plastic Surgery at Lenox Hill Hospital, and consultant at the Hospital for Special Surgery. He gave the Sterling Bunnell Memorial Lecture in San Francisco (1965), the V. H. Kazanjian Lecture at New York University Medical Center (1969), the Sumner Koch Lecture in Chicago, Ill. (1970), the Elliot-Hurwitt Memorial Lecture at Montefiore Hospital, New York (1972), the Founders’ Lecture of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand in New Orleans ( 1976), a lecture honoring Emanuel B . Kaplan at the New York Society for Surgery of the Hand, New York Academy of Medicine (1978), and the George H. Monks Lecture at Harvard Medical School, Boston (1982). Dr. Littler is a member of numerous national and international societies, including the American Society for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the American and British Associations of Plastic Surgeons, the American Society for Surgery of Trauma. Dr. Littler is also a Founding Member of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (1946) and was President in 1962. He was also President of the New York Society for Surgery of the Hand (1972 to 1973). Dr. Littler is an Honorary Member of the French and the British Societies for Surgery of the Hand and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. His achievements have been recognized through several distinctive awards. He has trained many young hand surgeons from around the world for many years, and they have honored him by forming the J. William Littler Society. He received the ‘Clinician of the Year Award” from the American Association of Plastic Surgeons (1977), the Special Achievement Award in Plastic Surgery from the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (1983), and the Honorary Award from the American Association of Plastic Surgeons for “Contribution to Medicine” (1986). Dr. Littler is especially noted for his superb artistic drawing ability that he uses to demonstrate his many original procedures in a clear and concise fashion. He is the author of numerous articles and book chapters. He has significantly contributed to the development of hand surgery internationally and particularly in Mexico. PROFESSOR ERIK MOBERG Professor Moberg’s work and observations, particularly his studies on sensitivity in the hand and its importance for function, have been recognized and honored for many years. The objective methods that he has developed to determine the functional value of sensitivity in the hand are used everywhere
Pioneers in Hand Surgery
345
by hand surgeons and have stimulated continuing research for improved methods of nerve repair. His concise and accurate descriptions of diseases and injuries of the hand are classics. He has trained many hand surgeons in Sweden and worldwide through his participation in many international symposia. Dr. Moberg is Professor Emeritus of Hand Surgery and Orthopaedic Surgery and former Head of the Department of Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery at the University Sahlgren Hospital, Giiteborg, Sweden. He is still active in his work to design treatment programs focusing on functional needs of the tetraplegic patient. Professor Moberg was born in Lund, Sweden. He received his medical and his PhD degrees from the University of Lund where he became Assistant Professor of Experimental Pathology. He was later appointed Assistant Professor of General Surgery at the University of Giiteborg (1945). In 1946 Professor Moberg created the first Department of Hand Surgery in Scandinavia at the University of Goteborg. He further studied hand surgery in the United States under the aegis of Drs. Sterling Bunnell, Sumner L. Koch, Allen Kanavel, Michael L. Mason, and Harvey S. Allen in 1947 and also at several army hand centers. He was appointed Professor of Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery at the University of Goteborg in 1958. Professor Moberg had the honor to deliver the first Sterling Bunnell Memorial Lecture in San Francisco in 1962. He was President of the Swedish Surgical Society in 1968. He is a founding member of the Scandinavian Society for Surgery of the Hand and the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand, of which he served as the first President in 1968 to 1969. Professor Moberg was a Visiting Professor at the University of California (Irvine) and arranged international conferences on the Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia in Edinburgh (1978). Giens, France (1984), and Goteborg (1988). Professor Moberg is honorary or corresponding member of 16 medical societies abroad and in Sweden. He has published many books and articles in the field of hand surgery and medicine. Professor Moberg resides in Goteborg, Sweden. He still loves the sea and is an avid sailor. We will always remember his wonderful wife, Marta, who has meant so much to him through her active dedication and contributions to his career and to hand surgery. PROFESSOR RAOUL TUBIANA Professor Tubiana has made major contributions to hand surgery in his authorship of major texts and scientific articles, his promotion and development of specialized hand surgery centers. and his leadership in organization of hand societies and teaching programs. Professor Tubiana was born in Constantine. He studied medicine at the University of Paris and completed his medical thesis in 1939. After a year in the French Army, he was an intern at the Paris Hospitals from 1940 to 1942. Professor Tubiana’s excellence in hand surgery is partly the result of a remarkable multidisciplinary exposure and training as he re-
346
Pioneers in Hand Surgery
lates so well in his book The Hand (Vol 1. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1981:21-32). For three years he served as an army medical officer with the French Liberation Forces in North Africa, Corsica, and France. While at the Reconstructive Surgery Unit of the First French Army, he was exposed to the orthopaedic surgery discipline through the influence of Merle d’AubignC and to the plastic surgery discipline through the influence of John M. Converse after completion of his training in orthopaedic surgery. He developed a strong interest in hand injuries and bums. This has stimulated him to take a series of study trips, first to England, visiting Gillies, M&doe, Mowlem, Seddon, and Pulvertaft. He spent further time in the United States with Sterling Bunnell, Sumner Koch, Michael Mason, and Harvey Allen. Professor Tubiana was a founding member and Secretary General of the French Society for Surgery of the Hand from 1964 to 1972 and its President in 1973. He was President of the French Society of Plastic Surgery in 1972 and President of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand in 1973. Professor Tubiana was the President of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand from 1972 to 1974. Professor Tubiana is Associate Professor at the University of Paris, Scientific Director of the Hand Institute since 1972, Chief Editor of the Group d’Etude de la Main monographs since 1966, and is Chief Editor of the Annals of Hand Surgery. Professor Tubiana is an honorary or corresponding member of many international societies, including the British Orthopaedic Association, the American Society for Surgery of the Hand, and the British, German, Italian, South American, Dutch, and Canadian Societies for Surgery of the Hand. Professor Tubiana is a member of the Academy of Surgery and a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. Professor Tubiana and his wife, Claude, live on the banks of the Seine in Paris, overlooking Notre Dame Cathedral. His ability as a collector and connoisseur of fine art is reflected in an outstanding collection of art masterpieces. PROFESSOR CLAUDE VERDAN Professor Verdan developed in Switzerland the first clinic especially devoted to hand surgery. His work on primary suture of flexor tendons influenced world thinking on this subject. His writings and presentations on the care of wounds of the hand are classics. He has had great interest in history and art as related to the hand. Professor Verdan is a graduate of the Faculty of Medicine
The Journal of HAND SURGERY
of Lausanne, Switzerland, where he distinguished himself by receiving the “Medaille d’Or de la Facultt et le Prix Cesar Roux” in 1933. He did his postgraduate training in Lausanne, Geneva, and Zurich, where he studied medicine, pathology, bacteriology, and surgery. In 1946 he founded the “Clinique Chirurgicale et Permanence de Longeraie” in Lausanne and later became Chief of the Surgical Policlinic of the University of Lausanne. He was Professor of Surgery at the University of Lausanne, where he also served as Dean from 1972 to 1974, and is currently Professeur Honoraire . Professor Verdan was made a member of the Senate of the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences in 1974. Professor Verdan is a member of many national and international societies of plastic and reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, orthopedic surgery, and surgery, including societies from France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Spain, Italy, England, and the United States. He is a founding member of the Swiss Society for Surgery of the Hand, serving as Secretary General from 1966 to 1972. He served as President of several prestigious groups, including the “Societtt Suisse de Medecine des Accidents et des Maladies Professionelles” (1961 to 1966). the French Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (1964), the Swiss Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (1973 to 1974), and the Groupe d’Etude de la Main (1975 to 1976). Professor Verdan is an Emeritus Member of the International Society of Surgery and the International Society of Orthopaedic and Traumatology. Professor Verdan has been guest professor at many renowned hand surgery centers throughout the world. He delivered the Sterling Bunnell Memorial Lecture in San Francisco in 197 1. He is the author of more than 320 publications and three textbooks, including History of the Swiss Sociery of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. Professor Verdan is a writer and an artist who has created
several sculptures on his topic of fascination. the hand. After his retirement from practice, Professor Verdan was the dedicated Chief Editor of the Annals of Hand Surgery from 1981 to 1985. In Lausanne he has created the “Musee de la Main de L’Homme,” a museum dedicated to the study of the human hand and its fundamental importance in the hierarchy of human evolution and values. Professor Verdan is an Associate Member of the Surgical Academy, Paris, and a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. He resides in Lausanne, Switzerland.
is a unique group of senior persons whose contributions and teachings have been felt worldwide to be basic to our development. At future Congresses, recognition of others who will have contributed uniquely to the speciality will be extended. The Council of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand has reviewed and discussed a list of these important persons and takes great pleasure in presenting them to you. To recognize a Pioneer for his great contributions is enriching to all of us. The Federation considers it most appropriate that official praise and commendation be extended to our Pioneers in grateful recognition of their truly exemplary record of contributions to the field of hand surgery and to people everywhere. This occasion provides us an opportunity to recognize those who have come before us, and particularly these gentlemen who by their wealth of discoveries and advances in hand surgery have so vastly improved the lives of thousands of persons the world over.
LIVING PIONEERS OF HAND SURGERY
Professor Amako graduated from the Kyushu Imperial University, Faculty of Medicine, where he became Lecturer and then Assistant Professor in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. In 1936 he received “Igaku-hakase” (PhD). He further studied orthopedic surgery in Germany and Switzerland. After 6 years of military service in an army hospital, he was appointed Professor of Orthopedic Surgery-first at Niigata University, and then at Kyushu University, where he later became the Dean of the School of Medicine. He was appointed member of the Committee of Exchange of Scholars, US-Japan Scientific Corp. (1964). Professor An-&o was president of many national and international congresses, including the first meeting of the Asian Society of Plastic Surgery (1963), the International Meeting of the International Medical Society of Paraplegia (1964), the Third Congress of the Japanese Society of Rehabilitation Medicine (1966), the First Congress of the Japanese Medical Society of Paraplegia (1966), the Twelfth Congress of the Japanese Rheumatism Association (1968), and the Fourteenth Congress of the International Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Professor Tamikazu Amako Paul W. Brand, CBE, FRCS Martin A. Entin, MD Professor Johan M. F. Landsmeer J. William Littler, MD Professor Erik Moberg Professor Raoul Tubiana Professor Claude Verdan HONORED BUT NOT IN ATTENDANCE
Joseph H. Boyes, MD Mario Gonzalez-Ulloa, MD Marc Iselin, MD Sir Benjamin Rank H. Graham Stack, FRCS Sir Sidney Sunderland Kauko J. Vainio, MD PROFESSOR TAMIKAZU AMAKO
Professor Amako was highly responsible for the development of the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand, which held its first annual meeting in Kobe in July 1957. He has also been a dynamic leader in all aspects of orthopaedic surgery in Japan and Asia. 342
THEJOURNAL
OF HAND SURGERY
Alfred B. Swanson, MD President, International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand
(SICOT) .
Professor Amako was President of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (1952 to 1953). He is an Honorary Member of the German Orthopaedic Association and an Honorary Fellow of the British Orthopaedic Association. Professor
Vol. 14A, No. 2, Part 2 March 1989
Pioneers in Hand Surgery
343
Fig. 1. Pioneers of hand surgery: Back row, left to right-Paul Verdan, Bill Littler, Erik Moberg, and Raoul Tubiana.
Brand, Tamikazu Amako, Claude and Martin Entin. Front row, left to right-Johan Landsmeer
Amako was awarded the First Order of the Sacred Treasure by the Japanese government in 1979. PAUL W. BRAND, CBE, FRCS Dr. Brand has made major contributions to surgery of the paralytic patient. His scientific, devoted, and humanitarian work in the care of leprosy-deformities in the hand and foot in Vellore, India, is a classic. His concern for the worldwide control of Hansen’s disease has continued after his relocation to the United States. Dr. Brand was born in India of missionary parents. He earned his Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery degrees from the University Hospital in London, England, and was a Resident Surgical Officer at the Hospital for Sick Children, at London University. Dr. Brand returned to Vellore, India, where he was Professor of Orthopedic Surgery at the Christian Medical College from 1946 to 1964 and also Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. At the University of Madras, Dr. Brand was examiner in surgery and orthopedic surgery and a member of the Academic Council. He was also a member of the Review Committee of
Indian Council of Medical Research and served as Surgeon to the ALERT program in Ethiopia. Dr. Brand has been Chief of the Rehabilitation Branch at the Hansen’s Disease Center, Carville, La., since 1966. He has been Clinical Professor of Surgery and Orthopaedics at the Louisiana State University Medical School, Baton Rouge, and the Department of Physical Therapy at their School of Allied Health Profession. His long list of honorary appointments include consultant on surgery and rehabilitation to the Leprosy Mission, London, and the American Leprosy Missions, member of the Expert Panel on Leprosy of the World Health Organization, consultant on rehabilitation to the Pan American and World Health Organizations, member of the Medical Advisory Committee of All-African Leprosy and Rehabilitation Training Center in Ethiopia, and member of the Advisory Board of the Pan American Health Organization International Center for Training and Research in Leprosy and Related Diseases. Dr. Brand is Associate Editor of the International Journal of Leprosy and Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Schieffelin Research Sanatorium in India.
344
Pioneers in Hand Surgery
Dr. Brand has received many honors and distinctions for his outstanding contributions. He was Hunterian Professor of the Royal College of Surgeons in England (1952 and 1962). He received the Albert Laskar Award, was decorated “Commander of the Order of the British Empire,” has received the Medal of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons and the Founders’ Medal of the National Rehabilitation Association, the Gold Medal of the Swedish Red Cross, the DamienDutton Award, the Distinguished Service Award of the Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, and has an honorary degree of Doctor of Law from Wheaton College, Wheaton, 111. Dr. Brand is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine (retired), the British Orthopaedic Association, the Royal College of Surgeons, and the American College of Surgeons. He is a member of numerous orthopaedic, hand surgery, and plastic and reconstructive surgery societies in the world. Dr. Brand is the author of 58 scientific articles, 35 chapters in medical textbooks, and three of his own books. He and his wife, Margaret, currently reside in Seattle, Wash. MARTIN A. ENTIN, MD Dr. Martin Entin’s International Conference on Hand Surgery in Montreal in 1963 was one of the first formal seminars to encourage a dialogue among hand surgeons from around the world. Dr. Entin repeated this meeting at the Royal Victoria Hospital for many years. Dr. Entin was born in Simferopole, Crimea. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Temple University, Philadelphia, and his Masters of Science and Doctorate in Medicine from McGill University, Montreal, Canada. After a general surgery residency, he completed his training in plastic surgery at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal. He was a National Research Council Fellow at McGill University and at Stanford University Hospital, San Francisco, Calif., under the aegis of Dr. Sterling Bunnell. He won the American Educational Foundation Traveling Fellowship to European Centers in 1955. Early in his career Dr. Entin became interested in research and made major contributions to hand surgery including studies of thermal burns, cold injuries, roller and wringer injuries, transplantation of autogenous joints, and congenital anomalies of the upper extremity. Dr. Entin has spent most of his career in affiliation with the Plastic Surgery Sub-Department of the Royal Victoria Hospital, where he served as Acting Surgeon-in-Charge, Surgeon-in-Charge, and is currently Honorary Attending Surgeon. He has been a longtime Lecturer and Associate Professor of Surgery at McGill University. He has published a great number of articles on hand surgery and has been a Visiting Professor in many countries in the world, including the United States, Israel, China, and South America. Dr. Entin has received many honors and awards for his contributions to the field of plastic surgery and hand surgery. He was President of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (1973 to 1974), President of the Montreal Medical Chirurgical Society (1982 to 1983), and North American
The Journal of HAND SURGERY
Chairman of the Pan American Medical Association, Plastic Surgery Section (1983 to date). He has been recently honored by the Quebec Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons for meritorious contribution to the field of plastic surgery. Dr. Entin has a special interest in photography, sculpture, anthropology, and writing. He and his supportive wife. Laura, reside in Montreal, Canada. PROFESSOR JOHAN M. F. LANDSMEER Professor Landsmeer has dedicated his career to basic sciences and especially to the anatomy or human morphology as applied to hand surgery. He has made enormous contributions to the understanding of the function of the hand, its deformities, and the biomechanical and anatomic basis for its action. His thorough investigations on the precise anatomic basis for movement have made his work recognized and appreciated worldwide. Professor Landsmeer is a native of Rotterdam, Holland, and obtained his Doctorate in Medicine in 1947. In 1960, he was appointed Professor at the Department of Anatomy and Embryology of the University of Leiden, where he is now Professor Emeritus. He was appointed Consultant in Hand Anatomy on the Research project of the Ampersand Research Group (Charles Long, Director, Cleveland, Ohio) and also at the Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York. Professor Landsmeer gave the Founders’ Lecture at the annual meeting of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand in 1965. Professor Landsmeer was Chairman of the International Committee of the “International Conference on Biomechanics and Clinical Kinesiology of Hand and Foot” held in Madras, India, in 1985. He was the Guest Professor in Anatomy at the Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India (1986). Professor Landsmeer is an Honorary Member of the American, British, and Dutch Societies for Surgery of the Hand. He is a member of the French and the Argentinian Societies for Surgery of the Hand and the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Professor Landsmeer is the author of many scientific publications. He and his wife, Annelies, reside in Oegstgeest, The Netherlands . J. WILLIAM LITTLER, MD, FACS Dr. J. William Littler, writer, teacher, surgeon, and artist, came out of the Army Medical Corps after World War II as a leader and innovator of reconstructive surgery for the posttraumatic hand. He has continued to lead in this area, particularly for reconstruction of the thumb. He received his medical degree from Duke University, Durham, N.C., completed a surgical internship at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md., a general surgery residency at Roosevelt Hospital, New York, and a plastic surgery residency at Presbyterian Hospital, New York, under Jerome P. Webster. Dr. Littler was a William S. Halsted Fellow in Surgery at the Johns Hopkins University (1943). He received the New York Academy of Medicine Bowen Brooks Fellowship Award (1946) and the Foundation Award of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (1952).
Vol. 14A, No. 2, Part 2 March 1989
Dr. Littler served as a Major in the specialized Hand Center at the Cushing and Valley Forge General Hospitals (1944 to 1947) and was a civilian consultant in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery through the Korean War (1950 to 1954). He was a volunteer physician for South Vietnam to train Vietnamese surgeons in hand surgery and help take care of their wounded ( 1969). Dr. Littler is now Senior Attending Surgeon and Codirector of the Hand Surgery Service at The St. Luke’s_Roosevelt Hospital Medical Center, Professor of Clinical Surgery at Columbia University, Associate in Plastic Surgery at Lenox Hill Hospital, and consultant at the Hospital for Special Surgery. He gave the Sterling Bunnell Memorial Lecture in San Francisco (1965), the V. H. Kazanjian Lecture at New York University Medical Center (1969), the Sumner Koch Lecture in Chicago, Ill. (1970), the Elliot-Hurwitt Memorial Lecture at Montefiore Hospital, New York (1972), the Founders’ Lecture of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand in New Orleans ( 1976), a lecture honoring Emanuel B . Kaplan at the New York Society for Surgery of the Hand, New York Academy of Medicine (1978), and the George H. Monks Lecture at Harvard Medical School, Boston (1982). Dr. Littler is a member of numerous national and international societies, including the American Society for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the American and British Associations of Plastic Surgeons, the American Society for Surgery of Trauma. Dr. Littler is also a Founding Member of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (1946) and was President in 1962. He was also President of the New York Society for Surgery of the Hand (1972 to 1973). Dr. Littler is an Honorary Member of the French and the British Societies for Surgery of the Hand and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. His achievements have been recognized through several distinctive awards. He has trained many young hand surgeons from around the world for many years, and they have honored him by forming the J. William Littler Society. He received the ‘Clinician of the Year Award” from the American Association of Plastic Surgeons (1977), the Special Achievement Award in Plastic Surgery from the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (1983), and the Honorary Award from the American Association of Plastic Surgeons for “Contribution to Medicine” (1986). Dr. Littler is especially noted for his superb artistic drawing ability that he uses to demonstrate his many original procedures in a clear and concise fashion. He is the author of numerous articles and book chapters. He has significantly contributed to the development of hand surgery internationally and particularly in Mexico. PROFESSOR ERIK MOBERG Professor Moberg’s work and observations, particularly his studies on sensitivity in the hand and its importance for function, have been recognized and honored for many years. The objective methods that he has developed to determine the functional value of sensitivity in the hand are used everywhere
Pioneers in Hand Surgery
345
by hand surgeons and have stimulated continuing research for improved methods of nerve repair. His concise and accurate descriptions of diseases and injuries of the hand are classics. He has trained many hand surgeons in Sweden and worldwide through his participation in many international symposia. Dr. Moberg is Professor Emeritus of Hand Surgery and Orthopaedic Surgery and former Head of the Department of Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery at the University Sahlgren Hospital, Giiteborg, Sweden. He is still active in his work to design treatment programs focusing on functional needs of the tetraplegic patient. Professor Moberg was born in Lund, Sweden. He received his medical and his PhD degrees from the University of Lund where he became Assistant Professor of Experimental Pathology. He was later appointed Assistant Professor of General Surgery at the University of Giiteborg (1945). In 1946 Professor Moberg created the first Department of Hand Surgery in Scandinavia at the University of Goteborg. He further studied hand surgery in the United States under the aegis of Drs. Sterling Bunnell, Sumner L. Koch, Allen Kanavel, Michael L. Mason, and Harvey S. Allen in 1947 and also at several army hand centers. He was appointed Professor of Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery at the University of Goteborg in 1958. Professor Moberg had the honor to deliver the first Sterling Bunnell Memorial Lecture in San Francisco in 1962. He was President of the Swedish Surgical Society in 1968. He is a founding member of the Scandinavian Society for Surgery of the Hand and the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand, of which he served as the first President in 1968 to 1969. Professor Moberg was a Visiting Professor at the University of California (Irvine) and arranged international conferences on the Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia in Edinburgh (1978). Giens, France (1984), and Goteborg (1988). Professor Moberg is honorary or corresponding member of 16 medical societies abroad and in Sweden. He has published many books and articles in the field of hand surgery and medicine. Professor Moberg resides in Goteborg, Sweden. He still loves the sea and is an avid sailor. We will always remember his wonderful wife, Marta, who has meant so much to him through her active dedication and contributions to his career and to hand surgery. PROFESSOR RAOUL TUBIANA Professor Tubiana has made major contributions to hand surgery in his authorship of major texts and scientific articles, his promotion and development of specialized hand surgery centers. and his leadership in organization of hand societies and teaching programs. Professor Tubiana was born in Constantine. He studied medicine at the University of Paris and completed his medical thesis in 1939. After a year in the French Army, he was an intern at the Paris Hospitals from 1940 to 1942. Professor Tubiana’s excellence in hand surgery is partly the result of a remarkable multidisciplinary exposure and training as he re-
346
Pioneers in Hand Surgery
lates so well in his book The Hand (Vol 1. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1981:21-32). For three years he served as an army medical officer with the French Liberation Forces in North Africa, Corsica, and France. While at the Reconstructive Surgery Unit of the First French Army, he was exposed to the orthopaedic surgery discipline through the influence of Merle d’AubignC and to the plastic surgery discipline through the influence of John M. Converse after completion of his training in orthopaedic surgery. He developed a strong interest in hand injuries and bums. This has stimulated him to take a series of study trips, first to England, visiting Gillies, M&doe, Mowlem, Seddon, and Pulvertaft. He spent further time in the United States with Sterling Bunnell, Sumner Koch, Michael Mason, and Harvey Allen. Professor Tubiana was a founding member and Secretary General of the French Society for Surgery of the Hand from 1964 to 1972 and its President in 1973. He was President of the French Society of Plastic Surgery in 1972 and President of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand in 1973. Professor Tubiana was the President of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand from 1972 to 1974. Professor Tubiana is Associate Professor at the University of Paris, Scientific Director of the Hand Institute since 1972, Chief Editor of the Group d’Etude de la Main monographs since 1966, and is Chief Editor of the Annals of Hand Surgery. Professor Tubiana is an honorary or corresponding member of many international societies, including the British Orthopaedic Association, the American Society for Surgery of the Hand, and the British, German, Italian, South American, Dutch, and Canadian Societies for Surgery of the Hand. Professor Tubiana is a member of the Academy of Surgery and a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. Professor Tubiana and his wife, Claude, live on the banks of the Seine in Paris, overlooking Notre Dame Cathedral. His ability as a collector and connoisseur of fine art is reflected in an outstanding collection of art masterpieces. PROFESSOR CLAUDE VERDAN Professor Verdan developed in Switzerland the first clinic especially devoted to hand surgery. His work on primary suture of flexor tendons influenced world thinking on this subject. His writings and presentations on the care of wounds of the hand are classics. He has had great interest in history and art as related to the hand. Professor Verdan is a graduate of the Faculty of Medicine
The Journal of HAND SURGERY
of Lausanne, Switzerland, where he distinguished himself by receiving the “Medaille d’Or de la Facultt et le Prix Cesar Roux” in 1933. He did his postgraduate training in Lausanne, Geneva, and Zurich, where he studied medicine, pathology, bacteriology, and surgery. In 1946 he founded the “Clinique Chirurgicale et Permanence de Longeraie” in Lausanne and later became Chief of the Surgical Policlinic of the University of Lausanne. He was Professor of Surgery at the University of Lausanne, where he also served as Dean from 1972 to 1974, and is currently Professeur Honoraire . Professor Verdan was made a member of the Senate of the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences in 1974. Professor Verdan is a member of many national and international societies of plastic and reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, orthopedic surgery, and surgery, including societies from France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Spain, Italy, England, and the United States. He is a founding member of the Swiss Society for Surgery of the Hand, serving as Secretary General from 1966 to 1972. He served as President of several prestigious groups, including the “Societtt Suisse de Medecine des Accidents et des Maladies Professionelles” (1961 to 1966). the French Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (1964), the Swiss Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (1973 to 1974), and the Groupe d’Etude de la Main (1975 to 1976). Professor Verdan is an Emeritus Member of the International Society of Surgery and the International Society of Orthopaedic and Traumatology. Professor Verdan has been guest professor at many renowned hand surgery centers throughout the world. He delivered the Sterling Bunnell Memorial Lecture in San Francisco in 197 1. He is the author of more than 320 publications and three textbooks, including History of the Swiss Sociery of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. Professor Verdan is a writer and an artist who has created
several sculptures on his topic of fascination. the hand. After his retirement from practice, Professor Verdan was the dedicated Chief Editor of the Annals of Hand Surgery from 1981 to 1985. In Lausanne he has created the “Musee de la Main de L’Homme,” a museum dedicated to the study of the human hand and its fundamental importance in the hierarchy of human evolution and values. Professor Verdan is an Associate Member of the Surgical Academy, Paris, and a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. He resides in Lausanne, Switzerland.