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Placental oxidative stress and DNA damage in tea garden workers exposed to pesticides
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 258S (2016) S62–S324
P12-006 Percutaneous absorption of 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, a preservative in cosmetics for exposure assessment K. Kim 1,∗ , J. Lee 2 , Y. Lee 1 , Q. Pham 1 , J. Kim 1 , H. Jang 1 , B. Lee 2 1
College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea 2 College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Sebu-ro 2066, Changan-Ku, Gyeonggi-Do, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea 1-Phenoxy-2-propanol (PP) is used as a preservative in cosmetics. PP is currently allowed to be used up to 1% of cosmetic formulation for its safety. For risk assessment, percutaneous absorption rate is crucial factor, but dermal absorption of PP has not been reported. Franz diffusion method was used to determine percutaneous penetration of PP using dosal skin of rat. Stability study of PP in receptor phase at 32 ◦ C for 48 h indicated that two formulations containing PP were consistently stable. Each formulation (containing 3% of PP) of 113.6 mg/cm2 was applied to donor compartment of Franz diffusion cells for 24 h. The receptor phase sample was collected 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h 12 h, and 24 h after dermal application. Remaining formulation was removed with swab cotton after last sampling. Using the tape stripping method, stratum corneum was removed. PP in epidermis and dermis was extracted with 50% MeOH in water for 24 h. The concentrations of PP from swab, stratum corneum, and epidermis and dermis samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total percutaneous absorption rates of PP were 50.0 ± 6.0% for formulation 1 and 33.0 ± 19.1% for formulation 2, respectively. Thus, in vitro skin permeability was calculated as 1377.2 ± 240.1 g/cm2 and 1038 ± 72.2 g/cm2 . Total recovery was calculated as 100.7 ± 3.9% and 101.9 ± 19.1%.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1752 P12-007 Placental oxidative stress and DNA damage in tea garden workers exposed to pesticides S.N. Kumar 1,∗ , S. Raisuddin 2 , B. Bastia 1 , R. Deval 3 , S. Anjum 2 , D. Borgohain 4 , A.K. Jain 1 1
Environmental Toxicology Lab, National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India 2 Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India 3 Department of Biotechnology, IIET, Inverstis University, Bareilly, UP, India 4 Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India Tea being one of the most important agro industries of Assam; plays vital role in the state economy. Perennial bushes of tea need large scale application of pesticides to control pests. Large numbers of female are involved in plucking of tea leaves due to socioeconomically backward and productive labour. Female tea garden worker are exposed to various chemical through inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. The present study was attempted to analyze the pesticide residues in the placental tissue of female tea garden worker (TGW) and non tea garden worker (NTGW) and assess the levels of oxidative stress markers as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) in order to correlate them with pesticide levels. 100 cases of full-term deliveries of TGW and 70 cases of full term deliveries of NTGW were included in this case-control study. Pesticide residues in placental tissue were quantified by
S207
GC-ECD. Oxidative DNA damage in placental tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry. It was found that pesticides concentration was elevated in TGW as compared to NTGW. Oxidative DNA damage was abundantly immunolocalized in syncytiotrophoblasts of placentas of TGW, while, least abundant in placentas of NTGW. The LPO level was significantly elevated, while GSH level was significantly lowered in the placental tissue of TGW compared to women with NTGW. Significant correlations were also found between pesticides residue and oxidative stress markers in TGW. Therefore, it can be concluded that higher levels of pesticides in TGW may be responsible for Low birth weight (LBW) and increased oxidative stress. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1753 P12-008 Antropogenic ecotoxicity evaluation in vitro and its relation to the occurrence of some persistent organic pollutants in water and sediment samples collected from Ankara River B. Yurdakok Dikmen 1,∗ , O. Kuzukiran 2 , H. Tutun 1 , S. Sevin 1 , F. Aydin 1 , A. Filazi 1 1
Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Etlik Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey Effect-directed identification of toxicants and biomonitoring systems received global attention since chemical monitoring from the various sources would require expensive and challenging analytical procedures. In the present study, water and sediment samples collected from 12 stations from Ankara river in 12 months, were analyzed for the presence of some persistent organic pollutants (PCBs 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180; PBDEs 17, 47, 66, 100, 153, 183 and OCPs ␣-HCH, HCB, ␥-HCH, Heptachlor, p,p-DDD, p,pDDE, p,p-DDT) by GC-MS and the extracts were evaluated for the possible cytotoxic (by MTT, Neutral red and LDH assays) along with CYP1A1 activation effects (EROD) on RTG-2 cell line (Oncorhynchus mykiss-rainbow trout – mixed testis-ovary cells). Cytotoxic effects in June by MTT, in October by NR and in September by LDH assays for water extracts were found to be higher compared to other months; indicating the presence of varying chemical pollutants affecting various cell death pathways. Preliminary findings with EROD, presents an increase in July, August and September; where p,p-DDE and p,p-DDT were detected. In general, the pollution was found to be profound in rural areas with residues at higher concentrations which is reflected to the higher cytotoxicity results. Industrial chemicals, plant protection products, biocides and several cosmetic products are discharged to municipal waste waters which would eventually reach rivers and other water sources. Since the determination of all pollutants in these water resources is currently not possible, in vitro systems might provide important preliminary information for prioritizing and for taking precautionary measures in emerging areas. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1754
P12-006 Percutaneous absorption of 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, a preservative in cosmetics for exposure assessment K. Kim 1,∗ , J. Lee 2 , Y. Lee 1 , Q. Pham 1 , J. Kim 1 , H. Jang 1 , B. Lee 2 1
College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea 2 College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Sebu-ro 2066, Changan-Ku, Gyeonggi-Do, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea 1-Phenoxy-2-propanol (PP) is used as a preservative in cosmetics. PP is currently allowed to be used up to 1% of cosmetic formulation for its safety. For risk assessment, percutaneous absorption rate is crucial factor, but dermal absorption of PP has not been reported. Franz diffusion method was used to determine percutaneous penetration of PP using dosal skin of rat. Stability study of PP in receptor phase at 32 ◦ C for 48 h indicated that two formulations containing PP were consistently stable. Each formulation (containing 3% of PP) of 113.6 mg/cm2 was applied to donor compartment of Franz diffusion cells for 24 h. The receptor phase sample was collected 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h 12 h, and 24 h after dermal application. Remaining formulation was removed with swab cotton after last sampling. Using the tape stripping method, stratum corneum was removed. PP in epidermis and dermis was extracted with 50% MeOH in water for 24 h. The concentrations of PP from swab, stratum corneum, and epidermis and dermis samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total percutaneous absorption rates of PP were 50.0 ± 6.0% for formulation 1 and 33.0 ± 19.1% for formulation 2, respectively. Thus, in vitro skin permeability was calculated as 1377.2 ± 240.1 g/cm2 and 1038 ± 72.2 g/cm2 . Total recovery was calculated as 100.7 ± 3.9% and 101.9 ± 19.1%.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1752 P12-007 Placental oxidative stress and DNA damage in tea garden workers exposed to pesticides S.N. Kumar 1,∗ , S. Raisuddin 2 , B. Bastia 1 , R. Deval 3 , S. Anjum 2 , D. Borgohain 4 , A.K. Jain 1 1
Environmental Toxicology Lab, National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India 2 Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India 3 Department of Biotechnology, IIET, Inverstis University, Bareilly, UP, India 4 Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India Tea being one of the most important agro industries of Assam; plays vital role in the state economy. Perennial bushes of tea need large scale application of pesticides to control pests. Large numbers of female are involved in plucking of tea leaves due to socioeconomically backward and productive labour. Female tea garden worker are exposed to various chemical through inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. The present study was attempted to analyze the pesticide residues in the placental tissue of female tea garden worker (TGW) and non tea garden worker (NTGW) and assess the levels of oxidative stress markers as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) in order to correlate them with pesticide levels. 100 cases of full-term deliveries of TGW and 70 cases of full term deliveries of NTGW were included in this case-control study. Pesticide residues in placental tissue were quantified by
S207
GC-ECD. Oxidative DNA damage in placental tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry. It was found that pesticides concentration was elevated in TGW as compared to NTGW. Oxidative DNA damage was abundantly immunolocalized in syncytiotrophoblasts of placentas of TGW, while, least abundant in placentas of NTGW. The LPO level was significantly elevated, while GSH level was significantly lowered in the placental tissue of TGW compared to women with NTGW. Significant correlations were also found between pesticides residue and oxidative stress markers in TGW. Therefore, it can be concluded that higher levels of pesticides in TGW may be responsible for Low birth weight (LBW) and increased oxidative stress. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1753 P12-008 Antropogenic ecotoxicity evaluation in vitro and its relation to the occurrence of some persistent organic pollutants in water and sediment samples collected from Ankara River B. Yurdakok Dikmen 1,∗ , O. Kuzukiran 2 , H. Tutun 1 , S. Sevin 1 , F. Aydin 1 , A. Filazi 1 1
Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Etlik Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey Effect-directed identification of toxicants and biomonitoring systems received global attention since chemical monitoring from the various sources would require expensive and challenging analytical procedures. In the present study, water and sediment samples collected from 12 stations from Ankara river in 12 months, were analyzed for the presence of some persistent organic pollutants (PCBs 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180; PBDEs 17, 47, 66, 100, 153, 183 and OCPs ␣-HCH, HCB, ␥-HCH, Heptachlor, p,p-DDD, p,pDDE, p,p-DDT) by GC-MS and the extracts were evaluated for the possible cytotoxic (by MTT, Neutral red and LDH assays) along with CYP1A1 activation effects (EROD) on RTG-2 cell line (Oncorhynchus mykiss-rainbow trout – mixed testis-ovary cells). Cytotoxic effects in June by MTT, in October by NR and in September by LDH assays for water extracts were found to be higher compared to other months; indicating the presence of varying chemical pollutants affecting various cell death pathways. Preliminary findings with EROD, presents an increase in July, August and September; where p,p-DDE and p,p-DDT were detected. In general, the pollution was found to be profound in rural areas with residues at higher concentrations which is reflected to the higher cytotoxicity results. Industrial chemicals, plant protection products, biocides and several cosmetic products are discharged to municipal waste waters which would eventually reach rivers and other water sources. Since the determination of all pollutants in these water resources is currently not possible, in vitro systems might provide important preliminary information for prioritizing and for taking precautionary measures in emerging areas. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1754