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Plasma amino acids and biochemical parameters for nutritional assessment in gastric cancer patients
ABSTRACTS
FROM THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF SURGICAL
??The Metabolism and Effects of Intravenous 10% Soy Bean 011 Emulsion Including Enriched Eicosapentaenoic Acid on the Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipid and Function of Neutrophiis in Rats Akito Fuku, Hiroshi Tanimura, Yoshio Maniwa, Katsuya Takifuji, Motoki Yamamoto, Masaki Sahara and Satoshi Sakaguchi From the Department of Gastroenrerological Surgery, Wakayama Medical School, 27-Shichibancho, Wakayama, 640, Japan
10% soybean oil emulsions with contained each 38, lo%, 30% and 60% eicosapentaeoic acid (EPA) of synthesized 1, 2, 3,- trieicosapentaenoyl-glycerol (EPA-TG) were manufactured. After intravenous bolus injections of these emulsions into rats, the metabolism of administrated EPA and the fatty composition of phospholipids and the function of neutrophils were examined. When fat emulsions with more than 10% concentration of EPA was administered by intravenous bolus injections, EPA rapidly transferred into the fatty acid components of neutrophil phospholipids even within 5 minutes and depressed reversibly the production of superoxide anions.
METABOLISM
AND NUTRITION
??Gene Expression of CCK and Secretin mRNA Duodenum of Rats on Total Parenterai Nutrition Akihiro Funakoshi, Atsuo Jimi, and Kyoko Miyasaka
in the
From Department of Gastroenterology, Narional Kyushu Cancer Center; Norame, 3-I-1, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815, Japan
Cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin are gut hormones that stimulate pancreatic exocrine secretion. CCK is also known to be a trophic hormone. We examined the relationship between gene expression of CCK and secretin mRNA and mucosal atrophy of the duodenum, using an experimental model of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in conscious rats. In TPN group, CCK mRNA content decreased and mucosal atrophy was observed on day 7. However, the level of secretin mRNA increased. The increase of secretin mRNA was abolished by simultaneous intragastric administration of omeprazole (proton pump inhibitor). These results suggest that gene expression of CCK and secretin may be regulated by luminal nutrients and gastric acid, and CCK may regulate intestinal mucosal proliferation. Jup. J. Surg. Merab. Nurr. (JJSMN) 29: 105-110, 1995.
Jap. J. Surg. Metab. Nut,: (JJSMN) 29: 95-104, 1995.
H Circadian Variations of Giycogen and Mgiyceride Deposits in Liver of Rats Treated with Cyclic or Continuous Total Parenterai Nutrition Nobuyuki Morikawa From the Department of Surgery, Keio University School Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160, Japan
??Plasma Amino Acids and Biochemical Parameters for Nutritional Assessment in Gastric Cancer Patients A-Hon Kwon, Toshiki Kanemaki, Shoji Uetsuji, Yasuo Kamiyama, Eiji Yamanaka, and Koshiro Hioki
of
From the First Depattment of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570, Japan
Circadian variations of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the liver of rats treated with cyclic or continuous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) were investigated by histochemistry using Periodic acid-Schiff and oil red-0 staining and electron microscopy. Semiquantitative analysis of glycogen and triglyceride deposits in histochemical and electron microscopic preparations was performed by computer-assisted image analyzer. Male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomized into three groups: 1) cyclic TPN group, 2) continuous TPN group, and 3) control group. In the continuous TPN group, the TPN solution which provided 51.7 kcal/day was infused continuously for 24 hours, while theTPN solution and normal saline were infused alternately every 12 hours in the cyclic TPN group. In the cyclic TPN group, distinct circadian variations were observed, in which glycogen deposits were increased in the entire lobule and triglyceride was stored predominantly in the perivenous region in the fed state, whereas glycogen deposits almost disappeared and triglyceride accumulated in the periportal region in the fasted state. Electron microscopy revealed that the triglyceride stored in the perivenous region in the fed state consisted predominantly of saturated fatty acids, and triglyceride accumulated in the periportal region in the fasted state was mainly composed of free unsaturated fatty acids. Such circadian variations were seen in the control group in which rats were fed lab chow and water ad libitum. On the other hand, in the continuous TPN group, circadian variations disappeared which resulted in persisting moderate glycogen deposition and marked accumulation of triglyceride composed of saturated fatty acids in the liver. These results provide evidence for the benefits of cyclic TPN in preservation of the physiological circadian variations of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the liver, which may prevent hepatic dysfunction such as steatosis and cholestasis.
Specific metabolic changes in cancer-bearing patients are associated with the tumor size. Therefore, we selected 48 patients with gastric cancer and examined the relationship between the tumor-occupying area and various metabolic and nutritional indices. The tumor-occupying area increased as the clinical stage advanced and significant differences were detected between stage IV and stage I and II patients. However, the degree of histological differentiation of the cancer was not associated with the tumor-occupying area. Serum concentrations of albumin, prealbumin (PA), vitamin A, serum zinc and ferrum (Fe) decreased with stage progression, leading to significantly lower levels in stage IV patients. Among free amino acids, plasma levels of threonine (Thr), asparagine (Asn), phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp), ornithine (Orn) and aromatic amino acids showed significant, positive correlations with the tumoroccupying area, whereas the Fischer ratio showed a negative correlation. With regard to serum biochemical parameters, total protein, albumin, vitamin A, retinol binding protein, PA and Fe levels decreased significantly with an increase in cancer size. By multiple regression analysis, plasma levels of Thr + Asn, His, Trp, Orn and PA were found to be important indices for the evaluation of the size of gastric cancers.
Jup. J. Surg. Merub. Nurr: (JJSMN) 29: 111-128, 1995.
Jap. J. Surg. Merab. Nurr: (JJSMN) 29: 129-134, 1995.
FROM THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF SURGICAL
??The Metabolism and Effects of Intravenous 10% Soy Bean 011 Emulsion Including Enriched Eicosapentaenoic Acid on the Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipid and Function of Neutrophiis in Rats Akito Fuku, Hiroshi Tanimura, Yoshio Maniwa, Katsuya Takifuji, Motoki Yamamoto, Masaki Sahara and Satoshi Sakaguchi From the Department of Gastroenrerological Surgery, Wakayama Medical School, 27-Shichibancho, Wakayama, 640, Japan
10% soybean oil emulsions with contained each 38, lo%, 30% and 60% eicosapentaeoic acid (EPA) of synthesized 1, 2, 3,- trieicosapentaenoyl-glycerol (EPA-TG) were manufactured. After intravenous bolus injections of these emulsions into rats, the metabolism of administrated EPA and the fatty composition of phospholipids and the function of neutrophils were examined. When fat emulsions with more than 10% concentration of EPA was administered by intravenous bolus injections, EPA rapidly transferred into the fatty acid components of neutrophil phospholipids even within 5 minutes and depressed reversibly the production of superoxide anions.
METABOLISM
AND NUTRITION
??Gene Expression of CCK and Secretin mRNA Duodenum of Rats on Total Parenterai Nutrition Akihiro Funakoshi, Atsuo Jimi, and Kyoko Miyasaka
in the
From Department of Gastroenterology, Narional Kyushu Cancer Center; Norame, 3-I-1, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815, Japan
Cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin are gut hormones that stimulate pancreatic exocrine secretion. CCK is also known to be a trophic hormone. We examined the relationship between gene expression of CCK and secretin mRNA and mucosal atrophy of the duodenum, using an experimental model of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in conscious rats. In TPN group, CCK mRNA content decreased and mucosal atrophy was observed on day 7. However, the level of secretin mRNA increased. The increase of secretin mRNA was abolished by simultaneous intragastric administration of omeprazole (proton pump inhibitor). These results suggest that gene expression of CCK and secretin may be regulated by luminal nutrients and gastric acid, and CCK may regulate intestinal mucosal proliferation. Jup. J. Surg. Merab. Nurr. (JJSMN) 29: 105-110, 1995.
Jap. J. Surg. Metab. Nut,: (JJSMN) 29: 95-104, 1995.
H Circadian Variations of Giycogen and Mgiyceride Deposits in Liver of Rats Treated with Cyclic or Continuous Total Parenterai Nutrition Nobuyuki Morikawa From the Department of Surgery, Keio University School Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160, Japan
??Plasma Amino Acids and Biochemical Parameters for Nutritional Assessment in Gastric Cancer Patients A-Hon Kwon, Toshiki Kanemaki, Shoji Uetsuji, Yasuo Kamiyama, Eiji Yamanaka, and Koshiro Hioki
of
From the First Depattment of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570, Japan
Circadian variations of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the liver of rats treated with cyclic or continuous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) were investigated by histochemistry using Periodic acid-Schiff and oil red-0 staining and electron microscopy. Semiquantitative analysis of glycogen and triglyceride deposits in histochemical and electron microscopic preparations was performed by computer-assisted image analyzer. Male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomized into three groups: 1) cyclic TPN group, 2) continuous TPN group, and 3) control group. In the continuous TPN group, the TPN solution which provided 51.7 kcal/day was infused continuously for 24 hours, while theTPN solution and normal saline were infused alternately every 12 hours in the cyclic TPN group. In the cyclic TPN group, distinct circadian variations were observed, in which glycogen deposits were increased in the entire lobule and triglyceride was stored predominantly in the perivenous region in the fed state, whereas glycogen deposits almost disappeared and triglyceride accumulated in the periportal region in the fasted state. Electron microscopy revealed that the triglyceride stored in the perivenous region in the fed state consisted predominantly of saturated fatty acids, and triglyceride accumulated in the periportal region in the fasted state was mainly composed of free unsaturated fatty acids. Such circadian variations were seen in the control group in which rats were fed lab chow and water ad libitum. On the other hand, in the continuous TPN group, circadian variations disappeared which resulted in persisting moderate glycogen deposition and marked accumulation of triglyceride composed of saturated fatty acids in the liver. These results provide evidence for the benefits of cyclic TPN in preservation of the physiological circadian variations of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the liver, which may prevent hepatic dysfunction such as steatosis and cholestasis.
Specific metabolic changes in cancer-bearing patients are associated with the tumor size. Therefore, we selected 48 patients with gastric cancer and examined the relationship between the tumor-occupying area and various metabolic and nutritional indices. The tumor-occupying area increased as the clinical stage advanced and significant differences were detected between stage IV and stage I and II patients. However, the degree of histological differentiation of the cancer was not associated with the tumor-occupying area. Serum concentrations of albumin, prealbumin (PA), vitamin A, serum zinc and ferrum (Fe) decreased with stage progression, leading to significantly lower levels in stage IV patients. Among free amino acids, plasma levels of threonine (Thr), asparagine (Asn), phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp), ornithine (Orn) and aromatic amino acids showed significant, positive correlations with the tumoroccupying area, whereas the Fischer ratio showed a negative correlation. With regard to serum biochemical parameters, total protein, albumin, vitamin A, retinol binding protein, PA and Fe levels decreased significantly with an increase in cancer size. By multiple regression analysis, plasma levels of Thr + Asn, His, Trp, Orn and PA were found to be important indices for the evaluation of the size of gastric cancers.
Jup. J. Surg. Merub. Nurr: (JJSMN) 29: 111-128, 1995.
Jap. J. Surg. Merab. Nurr: (JJSMN) 29: 129-134, 1995.