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Prediction of movement for braced cuts in clay
ZZTC
Describes field testa at the Altik a~d Leveaniezl mines in Sweden together with lab tests ou the effect of fracture apertures on shear strength.
816163 LAND ~ MONTTORING SYSTEM Bailey, D J AssOC Engng Gaol, VI7, N4, i~0, PZI3-221
Avail: The Four~ation, Bc~ 320581 S-126 ii, Stockholm, Sweden
Describes the computer controlled Land Movement Monitoring System developed at Grand Coulee Dam to serve as an early warning system for movement in a large slide mass. 81616~ STABILITY OF CUT SLOPES IN CHAZY LIMESTONE IN A MONTREAL-AREA QUARRY Udd, J E; Leinberger,P; Koszarycz, R
Hydraulic structures 816169
AT ~INBURGH Consult Er~r, VMS, NS, May 1981, P29-31
CIM Bull, V"(h., i'819, May 1981, P65-72 Reports ~n investigation into the stability of a slope at a q u a r r y excavated i n Ohazy lime~@one in Montreal. Observations on failures in the walls an! benches were reccrdedj ani back analyses of smsll-scale failures were carried out enabling an assessment of the in situ strength properties of the rock. Shear tests on samples in the laboratory were carried out in support of the back aralysis. 816165 ANALYSIS OF SLOPE STABILITY AT GOONY~;A MINE Richards, B G; Coulthard, M A; Toh, C T Can Geotech J, VI8, N2, May 1981, P179-19~ This paper outlines the results of field ard laboratory studies of the spoil piles ani highwalls at Goor~ella strip coal mine (Queensla~i, Australia) ani describes the various numerical methods used to analyse stability. The main cor~lusions, which are similar for both the spoil piles ani the highwmlls, are that the failures gemerslly occur along two or three plar~r surfaces, that the shear strength in the basal areas is cor.~rolled by the sensitivity of the materials to moisture and shear strsln prior to failure, and that tensile cracking due to stress relief and blastir~ is the dominant factor in the u~per or escarpment areas. Possible control ani remedial measures sre discussed briefly. 816166 URBAN LANDSLIDES IN TEE VICINITY OF VANCOUgU~, BRITIS~ COLUMBIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE DECEMBER 1979 RAINSTO~ Elsbacher, G H; Clague, J J Can Geotech J, V18, N2, May 1981, P20~-216
Su~marises ~ p e r s from the Pem~manent Intermatlo~al Association of Navigation Co~resses 25th Pc~ts ard Inland Waterways Congress at Edinburgh, i016 May 1981, on a masher of topics on the m~Ject of port construction involving heavy loads on soft ground using new techniques. These include: vibrocompaction of sand, dewatering dredged mud, use of verical drains, vibroflotation. A paper on site investigation for harbour construction is also discussed.
81617o SOME FRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SELECTION AND DURABILITY OF ROCK AND CONCRETE MATERIALS FOR BREAKWATERS AND COASTAL PROTECTION WORKS Fookesj P G; Poole~ A B Q J Engng Geol, V24, N2, 1981, P97-128 The durability of concrete ard rock used in marine construction Is reviewed. The marine envlror~nent has been divided into four significant zones of effect on t h e durability of concrete ard rock. Forms of deterioration specific to concrete, rock and common to both are discussed in the context of the four zones. Rate~ of concrete deterioration in the zones amd in different enviromments are also discussed. A preliminary study is presented of the shape, size anl weathering characteristics on the performance of rock used in marine structures particularly rubble-soured breakwaters.
Earth retaining structures 816171 CLAY ANISOTROFY AND BRACED WALL ~_~{AVIOUR Clou@h, G W; Hanmen, L A J Geotech Engng Div ASCE, V107, NGT7, July
1981, P893-913 Discusses the special geologic and climatic comditlons which remder some parts of Vancouver more prone to slope failure than others. 816167 STREN~EH TESTS ON LARGE DIAMETER CORES OF (IN GERMAN) Wichter, L Publ Inst Soil Mech, Rock Mech, Univ Friderlclana, Karlsruhe, ~8~, 1980, 177P Trlaxlal tests were carried out on umdlsturbed samples 0.6m in diameter of 2 Joiz~ed Eeuper marls. A special sampling amd te~ting technique was developed which enabled the determination of the influence of Joints and fissures on stressstrain properties. The results were alm~lied in the analysis of a lanislide in a brlckl~it. 816168 CASE ~ S OF HLASTIN~ DAMAGE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SLOPE STABIliTY Holmberg, R; Makl, K Swedish EetOniC Research Founiation, Repurt DS 1981:9, 15 June 1981, ZIp
A technique is ;resented which modifies the basal heave anclysis procedures for braced excavations to accotult for the strength anlsotropy exhibited by most natural, soft to median clays. Finite element ~ l y s e 8 are used to demonstrate the effects of anlsotropy on the behaviour of braced excavations. Analysis results show that if the soil is ~resumed to be isotropic when it is truly amlsotropic the followlmg trenis develop: (I) the basal heave safety factor may be from i0 to 50 percent larger than the actual one, depeniimg on the degree of anisotropy, (2) lateral wall movemerits and ground surface settlements can be larger than expected, ard (3) 'tm'"=llY high loads can develop on t h e lower s t r u t s in cases of marginal stability. FOR BRAC~) CUTS IN CLAY 816172 PREDICTION OF ~ Mama, A I; Clough, G W J Geotech Engmg Div ASCE, V!07, N ~ , June
1981, P75~777
128A
A simplified method for predicting movements of braced ~
816173 STABILITY OF LOADED FOOTINGS ON REINFORCED SOIL Aklmmusuru, J O; Aklnbolade, J A J GeOtech E~gmg Div ASCE, V107, NG~6, June i ~ , i , P819-827 Results are presented of laboratory-~cale bearing capacity tests using a 41n square footing on sand reinforced with strips of a rope fibre material. Each layer of reinforcement was arranged in horizontal square grids. The addition of_ reinforcemezts increased the bearing capacity of the footing on the u~reinforced soil by a factor which depended on the following, the horizontal spacings between strips on each layer, the vertical spacings between layers of rein° forcement, the depths above the first layer of the footing, amd the number of layers. Depending on the strip arrangement, the ultimate bearing capacity improvement could be up to three times that of the uzreinforced earth. Auth. 816174 ANCHORED BULKHEADS: HORIZONTAL AND SLOPING ANCHORS Browzin, B S J GeOtech Engr~ Div ASCE, VI07, NGTS, May
1981, P62~645 Investigates the probl~ of a~alysis and design of amahored sheet pile bulkheads anchored with horizontal and sloping tie rods, with particular emphasis on the influence of cohesion on sheet pile behaviour. Basic principles of soll ard structural statics are used to a~Llyse sta~illty conditions for the bulkheads. A new dimensionless parameter is develop-~i for identifying freeesrth support conditions in both loose and d e ~ e soils.
Groundwater problems See also: 816132
816175 SEEPAGE T H R O ~ H PARTIA~Y SATURATED SOILS BELOW A URANIUM TAILINQS POND Zahl, E G; Blocmsburg, G L Paper to ist International Cor~eremce on Uranium Mine Waste Disposal, Vsu~:otrcer, 19-21
May 1980, C h a ~ r
Influence of dynamic loads due to explosions or earthquakes See: 816145, 816149
Comminution of Rocks Drilling See also: 816181
816176 ADVANCED DRrU.I~ TECHNIQUES Malxrer, W C Publ Tulsa, Oklahoma: Petroleum Publiahir~ Compare, 1980, 698P Reviews research ar~ dev~lopment dome cn advanced drilling systems including: abrasive Jets, cavltating Jets, electron beams, explosive drills, high-pressure Jets, lasers, replaceable head bits, rocket exhaust drills and spark drills. 816177 INFLUENCE OF ROCK PROPERTIES ON DRILLING AND
~LASTING (IN 2 VOLS) Papers to Workshop ]20/79, Ade!~ide, 25-29 June 1979, 582P. Publ Adelaide: Australian Minersl Foundation, 1979 Gives the text of 28 papers, including: effects of blasthole diameter, effects of rock pro~erties, blasting designs blasting for s l o e stability, blasthole drilling, vertical retreat mining, and various case studies in Australian mines utilising drilling and blasting operations. 816178 DRII/J~BILITY OF ROCKS IN PERCUSSIVE DP"F[-T~TNG FROM 'ENERGY PER UNIT VOLUME' AS DETERMINED WITH A MICROBIT Pait2,ankar, A G; Misra, G B Min Engmg, 732, Ng, Sept 1980, P1407-1410 Although certain physical mechanical properties of rocks have been claimed to give an estimate of penetration rate in percussive drilling, the authors' work shcws that the correlation of penetration rate with individual rock properties is 1~or. The authors determined the minimum energy for unit volume for ar~ rock at the optimum Iniex angle in a simple laboratory drop tester using a sharp microbit with a tip a~gle of Ii0 deg. Thls has been found to correlate well with perforation rate obtained in controlled laboratory drilling in different rocks for different stages of bit wear.
816179 DRILLING MCDFL FOR SOFT-FORMATION BITS Warren, T M J Pet Technol, V33, N6, June 1981, P963-969
30, P~5-455. Publ New
York: AIME, Dec 1980 Reports amalysis by finite element ccm~uter program that simulates unsaturated flow amd compares the results with field da~a from a railings pond in W y ~ n g , USA.
Presents a laboratory-derived drilling model for full-scale soft-formation bits that relates weight on bit, rotary speed I bit sizel bit type ani rock strength to penetration rate.
Describes field testa at the Altik a~d Leveaniezl mines in Sweden together with lab tests ou the effect of fracture apertures on shear strength.
816163 LAND ~ MONTTORING SYSTEM Bailey, D J AssOC Engng Gaol, VI7, N4, i~0, PZI3-221
Avail: The Four~ation, Bc~ 320581 S-126 ii, Stockholm, Sweden
Describes the computer controlled Land Movement Monitoring System developed at Grand Coulee Dam to serve as an early warning system for movement in a large slide mass. 81616~ STABILITY OF CUT SLOPES IN CHAZY LIMESTONE IN A MONTREAL-AREA QUARRY Udd, J E; Leinberger,P; Koszarycz, R
Hydraulic structures 816169
AT ~INBURGH Consult Er~r, VMS, NS, May 1981, P29-31
CIM Bull, V"(h., i'819, May 1981, P65-72 Reports ~n investigation into the stability of a slope at a q u a r r y excavated i n Ohazy lime~@one in Montreal. Observations on failures in the walls an! benches were reccrdedj ani back analyses of smsll-scale failures were carried out enabling an assessment of the in situ strength properties of the rock. Shear tests on samples in the laboratory were carried out in support of the back aralysis. 816165 ANALYSIS OF SLOPE STABILITY AT GOONY~;A MINE Richards, B G; Coulthard, M A; Toh, C T Can Geotech J, VI8, N2, May 1981, P179-19~ This paper outlines the results of field ard laboratory studies of the spoil piles ani highwalls at Goor~ella strip coal mine (Queensla~i, Australia) ani describes the various numerical methods used to analyse stability. The main cor~lusions, which are similar for both the spoil piles ani the highwmlls, are that the failures gemerslly occur along two or three plar~r surfaces, that the shear strength in the basal areas is cor.~rolled by the sensitivity of the materials to moisture and shear strsln prior to failure, and that tensile cracking due to stress relief and blastir~ is the dominant factor in the u~per or escarpment areas. Possible control ani remedial measures sre discussed briefly. 816166 URBAN LANDSLIDES IN TEE VICINITY OF VANCOUgU~, BRITIS~ COLUMBIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE DECEMBER 1979 RAINSTO~ Elsbacher, G H; Clague, J J Can Geotech J, V18, N2, May 1981, P20~-216
Su~marises ~ p e r s from the Pem~manent Intermatlo~al Association of Navigation Co~resses 25th Pc~ts ard Inland Waterways Congress at Edinburgh, i016 May 1981, on a masher of topics on the m~Ject of port construction involving heavy loads on soft ground using new techniques. These include: vibrocompaction of sand, dewatering dredged mud, use of verical drains, vibroflotation. A paper on site investigation for harbour construction is also discussed.
81617o SOME FRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SELECTION AND DURABILITY OF ROCK AND CONCRETE MATERIALS FOR BREAKWATERS AND COASTAL PROTECTION WORKS Fookesj P G; Poole~ A B Q J Engng Geol, V24, N2, 1981, P97-128 The durability of concrete ard rock used in marine construction Is reviewed. The marine envlror~nent has been divided into four significant zones of effect on t h e durability of concrete ard rock. Forms of deterioration specific to concrete, rock and common to both are discussed in the context of the four zones. Rate~ of concrete deterioration in the zones amd in different enviromments are also discussed. A preliminary study is presented of the shape, size anl weathering characteristics on the performance of rock used in marine structures particularly rubble-soured breakwaters.
Earth retaining structures 816171 CLAY ANISOTROFY AND BRACED WALL ~_~{AVIOUR Clou@h, G W; Hanmen, L A J Geotech Engng Div ASCE, V107, NGT7, July
1981, P893-913 Discusses the special geologic and climatic comditlons which remder some parts of Vancouver more prone to slope failure than others. 816167 STREN~EH TESTS ON LARGE DIAMETER CORES OF (IN GERMAN) Wichter, L Publ Inst Soil Mech, Rock Mech, Univ Friderlclana, Karlsruhe, ~8~, 1980, 177P Trlaxlal tests were carried out on umdlsturbed samples 0.6m in diameter of 2 Joiz~ed Eeuper marls. A special sampling amd te~ting technique was developed which enabled the determination of the influence of Joints and fissures on stressstrain properties. The results were alm~lied in the analysis of a lanislide in a brlckl~it. 816168 CASE ~ S OF HLASTIN~ DAMAGE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SLOPE STABIliTY Holmberg, R; Makl, K Swedish EetOniC Research Founiation, Repurt DS 1981:9, 15 June 1981, ZIp
A technique is ;resented which modifies the basal heave anclysis procedures for braced excavations to accotult for the strength anlsotropy exhibited by most natural, soft to median clays. Finite element ~ l y s e 8 are used to demonstrate the effects of anlsotropy on the behaviour of braced excavations. Analysis results show that if the soil is ~resumed to be isotropic when it is truly amlsotropic the followlmg trenis develop: (I) the basal heave safety factor may be from i0 to 50 percent larger than the actual one, depeniimg on the degree of anisotropy, (2) lateral wall movemerits and ground surface settlements can be larger than expected, ard (3) 'tm'"=llY high loads can develop on t h e lower s t r u t s in cases of marginal stability. FOR BRAC~) CUTS IN CLAY 816172 PREDICTION OF ~ Mama, A I; Clough, G W J Geotech Engmg Div ASCE, V!07, N ~ , June
1981, P75~777
128A
A simplified method for predicting movements of braced ~
816173 STABILITY OF LOADED FOOTINGS ON REINFORCED SOIL Aklmmusuru, J O; Aklnbolade, J A J GeOtech E~gmg Div ASCE, V107, NG~6, June i ~ , i , P819-827 Results are presented of laboratory-~cale bearing capacity tests using a 41n square footing on sand reinforced with strips of a rope fibre material. Each layer of reinforcement was arranged in horizontal square grids. The addition of_ reinforcemezts increased the bearing capacity of the footing on the u~reinforced soil by a factor which depended on the following, the horizontal spacings between strips on each layer, the vertical spacings between layers of rein° forcement, the depths above the first layer of the footing, amd the number of layers. Depending on the strip arrangement, the ultimate bearing capacity improvement could be up to three times that of the uzreinforced earth. Auth. 816174 ANCHORED BULKHEADS: HORIZONTAL AND SLOPING ANCHORS Browzin, B S J GeOtech Engr~ Div ASCE, VI07, NGTS, May
1981, P62~645 Investigates the probl~ of a~alysis and design of amahored sheet pile bulkheads anchored with horizontal and sloping tie rods, with particular emphasis on the influence of cohesion on sheet pile behaviour. Basic principles of soll ard structural statics are used to a~Llyse sta~illty conditions for the bulkheads. A new dimensionless parameter is develop-~i for identifying freeesrth support conditions in both loose and d e ~ e soils.
Groundwater problems See also: 816132
816175 SEEPAGE T H R O ~ H PARTIA~Y SATURATED SOILS BELOW A URANIUM TAILINQS POND Zahl, E G; Blocmsburg, G L Paper to ist International Cor~eremce on Uranium Mine Waste Disposal, Vsu~:otrcer, 19-21
May 1980, C h a ~ r
Influence of dynamic loads due to explosions or earthquakes See: 816145, 816149
Comminution of Rocks Drilling See also: 816181
816176 ADVANCED DRrU.I~ TECHNIQUES Malxrer, W C Publ Tulsa, Oklahoma: Petroleum Publiahir~ Compare, 1980, 698P Reviews research ar~ dev~lopment dome cn advanced drilling systems including: abrasive Jets, cavltating Jets, electron beams, explosive drills, high-pressure Jets, lasers, replaceable head bits, rocket exhaust drills and spark drills. 816177 INFLUENCE OF ROCK PROPERTIES ON DRILLING AND
~LASTING (IN 2 VOLS) Papers to Workshop ]20/79, Ade!~ide, 25-29 June 1979, 582P. Publ Adelaide: Australian Minersl Foundation, 1979 Gives the text of 28 papers, including: effects of blasthole diameter, effects of rock pro~erties, blasting designs blasting for s l o e stability, blasthole drilling, vertical retreat mining, and various case studies in Australian mines utilising drilling and blasting operations. 816178 DRII/J~BILITY OF ROCKS IN PERCUSSIVE DP"F[-T~TNG FROM 'ENERGY PER UNIT VOLUME' AS DETERMINED WITH A MICROBIT Pait2,ankar, A G; Misra, G B Min Engmg, 732, Ng, Sept 1980, P1407-1410 Although certain physical mechanical properties of rocks have been claimed to give an estimate of penetration rate in percussive drilling, the authors' work shcws that the correlation of penetration rate with individual rock properties is 1~or. The authors determined the minimum energy for unit volume for ar~ rock at the optimum Iniex angle in a simple laboratory drop tester using a sharp microbit with a tip a~gle of Ii0 deg. Thls has been found to correlate well with perforation rate obtained in controlled laboratory drilling in different rocks for different stages of bit wear.
816179 DRILLING MCDFL FOR SOFT-FORMATION BITS Warren, T M J Pet Technol, V33, N6, June 1981, P963-969
30, P~5-455. Publ New
York: AIME, Dec 1980 Reports amalysis by finite element ccm~uter program that simulates unsaturated flow amd compares the results with field da~a from a railings pond in W y ~ n g , USA.
Presents a laboratory-derived drilling model for full-scale soft-formation bits that relates weight on bit, rotary speed I bit sizel bit type ani rock strength to penetration rate.