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Strut loads in a braced excavation in soft clay
70A
logical and hydro-geolo6ical condition common to both areas. The very difficult social and legal problems arising from these widespread failures is discussed. Auth. 658 HU~WAN, BC TROLLOPE, DH F~SIP,MG The behaviour of ~cavated slopes in Jointed rocks. 9F, fOR. AUST .GEGMECH. J.GS, N1,1975, P26-31. The bchaviour of Jointed rock slopes has been investigated by a series of ~ - ~ i c a l experiments on an idealised b l o c ~ mass. The results show that block rctation is an impmrtant mechanism in slope bchaviour. Block rotations led to n o n - n - ~ - ~ i t y o f load distrlbution amd to widespread "teneica" cracking of the Jclnted mass. Thus the slope tenls to act as a series of block~ columns which can collapse in se~uemce once fail~re is initiated at the toe. The coaventionel slid/m~ w e ~ analysis can adequately predict slope failure where plastic Joint slip occurs, but it ove~-estimates the factc~ of safety where brittle Joint shear occurs. Slope collapse can also result frc~ the fracture of rock u r ~ imduced tensile stresses produced by non-~nlfc~m load distribution.
Earth r e t a i n i n g s t r u c t u r e s 659 ~GMS, HB ROYAL INS~.TECH., S ~ G L M , S STILLE, H ROYAL INST.TECH., S ~ G L M ~ S Fail~re of -~bered shest pile walls, i~, ~T,6R. J.GEC~ECH. E ~ DIV. ASCE,VIO2,G~, MARCH, 1976,
~35-~51. Seve~sl fail~es of amchc~ed sheet pile walls have occurred in Sweden. Most of these have been caused by insufficient s~billty or by frOst action. Large movements have b e e n observed when piles were driven close to a wall amd the drivi~ depth exceeded that of the s h e e t p i l e s due t o t h e h~=h e x c e s s l x ~ e p r e s s u r e s which d e v e l o p d u r i r ~ t h e d r i v i ~ i n c o h e a i o n l e s s s o i l s . Such f a i l u r e s c a n b e p r e v e n t e d b y i n c r e a s i ~ 6 t h e d r i v i n g d e p t h , by d e c r e a s i n g t h e slope of t h e smchc~s, or by usir~ steel H-piles instead of comcrete piles. Failure of the anchors caused by the lateral expe~sion of t h e s o i l due t o f r o s t a c t i o n h a s b e e n o b s e r v e d . I t i s possible to prevent such fail~es by dralrmge cr by heating the wall dtu~ing the winter. Auth.
6~ MOORE, PJ UNIV . M E L t , AUS ERVIN, MC CTY ROADS ~D.VIC~/A, AUS Strut loads in a braced excavation in soft clay.TF, 1T,6R. 2ND AUS- N. Z.CONF. GE~MECH, ~RIS~A~, 19~ 5, INST.E~RS, AUS. NAT. CONF. PUBL. NO. 75/~, P94-98.
Base courses and p a v e m e n t s 661 C ~ R A M , LW MAIN HDS DE~T.W.A.AUS MORGAN, JR G O L D ~ ASSOC. ~ BOUR~E, AUS Field arzl laboratory tests on gramAlar pavements.6F,
~T,TR. 2ND AUS-N. Z.CONF. GECMECH, I~RISBA~, 1975, INST. ENGRS,
AUS.~A~.CONF.F0~.NO.7~/~,~04-~08. 66z YAMAN~, T D Y U S ~ UNIV. J YASUHARA, K NISHI'NIPPON INS~.TECHNOL. J settlement of clay subtleties of low bamk r o e d s after c1~Ir~ to ~raffie. IOF, SR. 2ND AUS-N. Z. CONF .GEOMECH, ~IS~AI~, 1975, INS~ •ENGRS, AUS. NAT.CONF. PUBL. NO. 75/~, PllS'119.
663 DUNLOP,RJ MOSS, PJ DC~D,TA Prediction of cracking in soil-cement. ~,SR. 2ND AUS" N. Z. CONF. G E C ~ , BRISBANE, 1975, INST. ENGRS, AUS. NAT. CONF.PUBL. N0.75/4, P120-124. 664 RAYMOND, GP QUEENS UNIV, CDN GASKIN, PN QUEENS UNIV, CDN DAVIES, JR QUEENS UNIV, CDN Laboratory p e r f a r m ~ e of railroad ballast.llF, ST, 12R. 2ND AUS-N. Z. CONF. G E ~ , BRISBA~, i~5, INS~ .ENGRS, AUS. NAT. CO~F.FU~L. ~0.75/k, P2~8- 242.
Geological factors of importance in su r f a c e st r u c t u res
665 S I ~ S O N , PC GEOL. ~JRV . T A ~ , HOBART, AUS A predictive la~slip survey and its social i m p . 2F, IT, 14R • 2ND AUS-N. Z. CONF . G ~ C ~ .~ISBANE, 1975, INS~.E~RS, AUS. NAT. CONF. FUBL. ~0.75/~, P10-15 • The T ~ - ~ Valley in Northern Tasmania is a basin of Tertiary clay, sand and basalts, which has been eroded as a ria estuary. The resulti~ slopes are subject tO extensive landslip and increasing development has made this hazard more serious. Over forty houses have been destroyed since 1958. A l~O~r~m~ of i~veatlgation starring from geological anl g e c ~ c mal~ing has eme~led the construction of lar~-!~p zone maps which record pas~ ani ~resent lamdallp events stud attempt~ %o predict the probability of future failure. A g e ~ a n i c s l study is in progress but is not relx~ed here. Legislation has in %he past a t t ~ e d , t o d e a l w i t h lanlslip ~--~L-~ as an "Act of God" event but the predictive elemer~ of %he zone map has ~ this. A new style of legislation has been introduced which gives power to enforce better building practices. Mare predictive planni~ is also possible. New buildir~ regulations have ~een written and a code of practice is in pre~eratlon. The regttla,ions are so greded as to bear most heavily on areas of greatest hazard. Auth.
G rou n d w a t e r p r o b l e m s 665 ~ROWZIN, BS EBASCO SERVICES, l~g YOlk,USA Exit of ground waters on drainage bocmdaries. 4F,
6%1~. J. GEOI'ECH.EEDNG DIV. ASCE, Vl02, GT2, FEB. 1976, P159-
173. A known ams/~ical solution provides the location of th exit point of the free surface of ~ o ~ waters as a function of the slope am@le and the reduced ~ischerge in a form of a finite integral. ~ i s i ~ e ~ a l was evalusted ~ i c s l l y area a substitute I x ~ 1 ~ s l equatio~ p r o v i d e d to determine the f u n c t i o n . Based on ~he exact position of the exit point, a new discharge f~..~,la free from amy preliminary assm~f~ons is derived. It covers the r ~ of slope am@les from near 0 deg. to 180 de~. for inflnitely long aqnifers. It was found that the same forsmla is applicable to certain finite lengths. Applicability of the f u ~ c t i o , , fC~ the loca~ioz of the exit point and the discharge f ~ a l a fer earth dams is considered. Auth. 667 SOROTCHAN, EA REs. I ~ . B A S E S D~X}R. SERUCT. GOSSEROY, DYAKONOV, VP RES.TNS~.BASES URDGR. S ~ . G O S S T ~ O Y , Interaction of foumdation add base t~pon awellir~. 5F, IT,TR. 2ND AUS-N. Z. CONF. GEOMECH, HRISBANE, 1975, INST .E~K;RS,
logical and hydro-geolo6ical condition common to both areas. The very difficult social and legal problems arising from these widespread failures is discussed. Auth. 658 HU~WAN, BC TROLLOPE, DH F~SIP,MG The behaviour of ~cavated slopes in Jointed rocks. 9F, fOR. AUST .GEGMECH. J.GS, N1,1975, P26-31. The bchaviour of Jointed rock slopes has been investigated by a series of ~ - ~ i c a l experiments on an idealised b l o c ~ mass. The results show that block rctation is an impmrtant mechanism in slope bchaviour. Block rotations led to n o n - n - ~ - ~ i t y o f load distrlbution amd to widespread "teneica" cracking of the Jclnted mass. Thus the slope tenls to act as a series of block~ columns which can collapse in se~uemce once fail~re is initiated at the toe. The coaventionel slid/m~ w e ~ analysis can adequately predict slope failure where plastic Joint slip occurs, but it ove~-estimates the factc~ of safety where brittle Joint shear occurs. Slope collapse can also result frc~ the fracture of rock u r ~ imduced tensile stresses produced by non-~nlfc~m load distribution.
Earth r e t a i n i n g s t r u c t u r e s 659 ~GMS, HB ROYAL INS~.TECH., S ~ G L M , S STILLE, H ROYAL INST.TECH., S ~ G L M ~ S Fail~re of -~bered shest pile walls, i~, ~T,6R. J.GEC~ECH. E ~ DIV. ASCE,VIO2,G~, MARCH, 1976,
~35-~51. Seve~sl fail~es of amchc~ed sheet pile walls have occurred in Sweden. Most of these have been caused by insufficient s~billty or by frOst action. Large movements have b e e n observed when piles were driven close to a wall amd the drivi~ depth exceeded that of the s h e e t p i l e s due t o t h e h~=h e x c e s s l x ~ e p r e s s u r e s which d e v e l o p d u r i r ~ t h e d r i v i ~ i n c o h e a i o n l e s s s o i l s . Such f a i l u r e s c a n b e p r e v e n t e d b y i n c r e a s i ~ 6 t h e d r i v i n g d e p t h , by d e c r e a s i n g t h e slope of t h e smchc~s, or by usir~ steel H-piles instead of comcrete piles. Failure of the anchors caused by the lateral expe~sion of t h e s o i l due t o f r o s t a c t i o n h a s b e e n o b s e r v e d . I t i s possible to prevent such fail~es by dralrmge cr by heating the wall dtu~ing the winter. Auth.
6~ MOORE, PJ UNIV . M E L t , AUS ERVIN, MC CTY ROADS ~D.VIC~/A, AUS Strut loads in a braced excavation in soft clay.TF, 1T,6R. 2ND AUS- N. Z.CONF. GE~MECH, ~RIS~A~, 19~ 5, INST.E~RS, AUS. NAT. CONF. PUBL. NO. 75/~, P94-98.
Base courses and p a v e m e n t s 661 C ~ R A M , LW MAIN HDS DE~T.W.A.AUS MORGAN, JR G O L D ~ ASSOC. ~ BOUR~E, AUS Field arzl laboratory tests on gramAlar pavements.6F,
~T,TR. 2ND AUS-N. Z.CONF. GECMECH, I~RISBA~, 1975, INST. ENGRS,
AUS.~A~.CONF.F0~.NO.7~/~,~04-~08. 66z YAMAN~, T D Y U S ~ UNIV. J YASUHARA, K NISHI'NIPPON INS~.TECHNOL. J settlement of clay subtleties of low bamk r o e d s after c1~Ir~ to ~raffie. IOF, SR. 2ND AUS-N. Z. CONF .GEOMECH, ~IS~AI~, 1975, INS~ •ENGRS, AUS. NAT.CONF. PUBL. NO. 75/~, PllS'119.
663 DUNLOP,RJ MOSS, PJ DC~D,TA Prediction of cracking in soil-cement. ~,SR. 2ND AUS" N. Z. CONF. G E C ~ , BRISBANE, 1975, INST. ENGRS, AUS. NAT. CONF.PUBL. N0.75/4, P120-124. 664 RAYMOND, GP QUEENS UNIV, CDN GASKIN, PN QUEENS UNIV, CDN DAVIES, JR QUEENS UNIV, CDN Laboratory p e r f a r m ~ e of railroad ballast.llF, ST, 12R. 2ND AUS-N. Z. CONF. G E ~ , BRISBA~, i~5, INS~ .ENGRS, AUS. NAT. CO~F.FU~L. ~0.75/k, P2~8- 242.
Geological factors of importance in su r f a c e st r u c t u res
665 S I ~ S O N , PC GEOL. ~JRV . T A ~ , HOBART, AUS A predictive la~slip survey and its social i m p . 2F, IT, 14R • 2ND AUS-N. Z. CONF . G ~ C ~ .~ISBANE, 1975, INS~.E~RS, AUS. NAT. CONF. FUBL. ~0.75/~, P10-15 • The T ~ - ~ Valley in Northern Tasmania is a basin of Tertiary clay, sand and basalts, which has been eroded as a ria estuary. The resulti~ slopes are subject tO extensive landslip and increasing development has made this hazard more serious. Over forty houses have been destroyed since 1958. A l~O~r~m~ of i~veatlgation starring from geological anl g e c ~ c mal~ing has eme~led the construction of lar~-!~p zone maps which record pas~ ani ~resent lamdallp events stud attempt~ %o predict the probability of future failure. A g e ~ a n i c s l study is in progress but is not relx~ed here. Legislation has in %he past a t t ~ e d , t o d e a l w i t h lanlslip ~--~L-~ as an "Act of God" event but the predictive elemer~ of %he zone map has ~ this. A new style of legislation has been introduced which gives power to enforce better building practices. Mare predictive planni~ is also possible. New buildir~ regulations have ~een written and a code of practice is in pre~eratlon. The regttla,ions are so greded as to bear most heavily on areas of greatest hazard. Auth.
G rou n d w a t e r p r o b l e m s 665 ~ROWZIN, BS EBASCO SERVICES, l~g YOlk,USA Exit of ground waters on drainage bocmdaries. 4F,
6%1~. J. GEOI'ECH.EEDNG DIV. ASCE, Vl02, GT2, FEB. 1976, P159-
173. A known ams/~ical solution provides the location of th exit point of the free surface of ~ o ~ waters as a function of the slope am@le and the reduced ~ischerge in a form of a finite integral. ~ i s i ~ e ~ a l was evalusted ~ i c s l l y area a substitute I x ~ 1 ~ s l equatio~ p r o v i d e d to determine the f u n c t i o n . Based on ~he exact position of the exit point, a new discharge f~..~,la free from amy preliminary assm~f~ons is derived. It covers the r ~ of slope am@les from near 0 deg. to 180 de~. for inflnitely long aqnifers. It was found that the same forsmla is applicable to certain finite lengths. Applicability of the f u ~ c t i o , , fC~ the loca~ioz of the exit point and the discharge f ~ a l a fer earth dams is considered. Auth. 667 SOROTCHAN, EA REs. I ~ . B A S E S D~X}R. SERUCT. GOSSEROY, DYAKONOV, VP RES.TNS~.BASES URDGR. S ~ . G O S S T ~ O Y , Interaction of foumdation add base t~pon awellir~. 5F, IT,TR. 2ND AUS-N. Z. CONF. GEOMECH, HRISBANE, 1975, INST .E~K;RS,