- Email: [email protected]
Preparation and training strategies in older athletes participating at the Pan Pacific Masters Games
Abstracts / Physical Therapy in Sport 28 (2017) e1ee25
THE ACTIVITY OF QUADRATUS PLANTAE IN TOE FLEXION MOVEMENTS USING ULTRASOUND REAL-TIME TISSUE ELASTOGRAPHY Tatsuya Nakanowatari, Tadaki Koseki, Takuya Sato, Hideto Kanzaki, Yoshiro Kiyoshige. Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Japan Introduction and Aims: The quadratus plantae (QP) is a part of the plantar intrinsic foot muscle and is formed by medial and lateral muscle heads. QP contributes to supporting the medial longitudinal arch of the foot1) and assisting plantar flexion of the lesser toes2). Because QP is deep-layer muscle, an effective exercise for loading QP is not clear. Recently, ultrasound real-time tissue elastgraphy (RTE) measurements have allowed quantitative assessment of deep-layer muscle elasticity.3) The aim of this study was to determine the activity of QP in toe flexion movements using RTE. Methods: Thirteen healthy subjects performed maximal voluntary contraction using a hand-held dynamometer with external belt fixation for each toe-flexion movement. Elasticity of QP medial and lateral heads was measured using RTE during rest and each toe flexion. The strain ratio of the muscle to an acoustic coupler was calculated as an assessment index of muscle elasticity. Higher strain ratio values imply lower elasticity. Results: The strain ratio of the QP medial head for the second toe flexion (0.10 ± 0.11) was significantly stiffer than that for the fifth toe flexion (0.27 ± 0.23) (p < 0.05). Strain ratios of the QP lateral head for the second (0.32 ± 0.19), third (0.41 ± 0.37), and fourth (0.33 ± 0.26) toes flexion were significantly stiffer than that during the rest condition (1.02 ± 0.68) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the second, third, and fourth toe flexion movements can be effective exercises for loading QP. References 1) Kelly LA, Kuitunen S, Racinais S, Cresswell AG: Recruitment of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles withincreasing postural demand. Clin Biomech. 2012, 27: 46-51. 2) Hur MS, Kim JH, Woo JS, Choi BY, Kim HJ, Lee KS: An anatomic study of the quadratus plantae inrelation to tendinous slips of the flexor hallucis longus for gait analysis. Clin Anat. 2011, 24: 768-773. 3) Yuri T, Kuwahara Y, Fujii H, Kiyoshige Y: Functions of the subregions of the supraspinatus muscle. Clin Anat. 2017, [Epub ahead of print]. POOR SLEEP IS RELATED TO LOWER GENERAL HEALTH, INCREASED STRESS AND INCREASED CONFUSION IN ELITE GAELIC ATHLETES Michelle Biggins 1, 5, Roisin Cahalan 1, 5, Thomas Comyns 2, 5, Helen Purtill 1, 5, Sean Mcauliffe 1, 5, Liam Moffatt 3, 5, Mark Gallagher 3, 5, David Hanly 4,5, Kieran O. Sullivan 4, 5. 1 Clinical Therapies Department, Health Sciences Building, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co., Limerick, Ireland, United Kingdom; 2 Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co., Limerick, Ireland; 3 Mayo Sports Clinic, Kevin Barry Street, Ballina, Co., Mayo, Ireland; 4 Galway Sports Medicine Centre, Claregalway, Galway, United Kingdom; 5 Sports Spine Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar Introduction and Aims: Persistent poor sleep is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. Sleep is considered the main method of recovery in athletes, however studies report that a significant number of athletes are getting insufficient sleep. The purpose of this study was to assess the sleep profiles of elite Gaelic athletes and to compare wellbeing, in those with poor sleep and those with good sleep. Methods: 69 elite Gaelic athletes completed questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Subjective Health Complaints Inventory (SHC), Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), stress subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), the tension-anxiety, anger-hostility and confusion-bewilderment subscales of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) as well as the catastrophising subscale of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ). Participants were categorised into poor sleepers (PSQI5) and good sleepers (PSQI<5) and outcome measures of health and wellbeing were analysed between the two groups. Results: 47.8% of athletes were poor sleepers. Poor sleepers had significantly lower general health (SHC) (p¼0.029), increased stress (DASS) (p¼0.035) and increased confusion (POMS-subscale) (p¼0.005). There
ee9
was no significant difference between groups for number of painful body parts (NMQ) (p¼0.052), catastrophising (CSQ) (p¼0.287), overall mood (POMS) (p¼0.059), or POMS subscales of anger (p¼0.346) or tension (p¼0.593). Conclusion: Nearly 50% of elite Gaelic athletes report insufficient sleep. There is a significant relationship between poor sleep and lower general health, increased stress and increased confusion, and these factors may interact with each other. Monitoring of, and interventions to enhance sleep may be required to improve athletes’ wellbeing. PREPARATION AND TRAINING STRATEGIES IN OLDER ATHLETES PARTICIPATING AT THE PAN PACIFIC MASTERS GAMES Maria Constantinou 1, Peter Reaburn 2, Ryan McDonald 3, Mark Brown 1, 2. 1 Australian Catholic University, Australia; 2 Bond University, Australia; 3 Events Management Queensland, Australia Introduction and Aims: The Pan Pacific Masters Games attract more than 10,000 participants over the age of 30 years biennially. Previous injury surveillance at the 2014 Games found 4,395 medical encounters in 12,135 participants1. As the Games structure requires athletes to participate in multiple events over a short period, targeted preparation and training is warranted to minimize injuries during the Games. Information about athlete preparation/training strategies for these Games is scarce. The aim of this study was to identify preparation/training strategies in Masters athletes to improve advice to future Games participants. Methods: Participants at the 2016 Pan Pacific Masters Games were emailed a survey the day before commencement of the Games. Participants were asked to report when they began preparation, training strategies, injury history and status prior to the Games. Results: There were 11,953 Games participants. Approximately 1,100 participants responded to the survey (62% female). 894 (79%) athletes reported regular participation in their main sport. 99 (9%) athletes reported commencing preparation one month prior to the Games, 352 (32%) between 1-6 months and 514 (46%) more than 6 months, while 144 (13%) athletes did no preparation. 769 (71%) athletes reported they usually/always undertook warm-up activities, including stretching (925, 87%)), sports specific skills (637, 60%) running/jogging (561, 52%) and strengthening (234, 22%). 482 (45%) athletes reported injuries in the previous 12 months, with their most significant injury being to the lower limb (271, 57%) and/or a muscle injury (127, 30%). 215 (60%) athletes with an injury reported incomplete recovery at Games commencement. Conclusion: The results indicate athletes participating at Masters Games may be inadequately prepared for the competition demands. Athletes participating with existing injuries may contribute to the high number of medical encounters and injuries previously reported during these Games1. An interesting finding was the reported low use of strengthening warm-up activities in the Games preparation/training period and the high number of pre-existing muscle injuries. It appears from these findings that older athletes may benefit from preparation/training advice for participation at Masters Games, including adequate rehabilitation from previous injury and optimal injury prevention strategies, including strengthening exercises specific to their sport. References 1. Brown, M (2015). Sports injury surveillance at the Pan Pacific Masters Games 2008 to 2014. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2015 Vol.19, Supplement, Pages e8-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.400 TREATMENT OF SHOULDER MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINTS IN AMATEUR ATHLETES WITH ERGON® IASTM THERAPY, CUPPING AND ISCHAEMIC PRESSURE TECHNIQUES: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL Konstantinos Fousekis. Dept of Physical therapy, Technological Educational Institute of Western, Greece Introduction and Aims: Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) can be seen in the setting or athletic injury due to functional asymmetries, postural alterations, or secondary to repetitive injury and training overloading and are thought to be involved in several musculoskeletal pathologies in
THE ACTIVITY OF QUADRATUS PLANTAE IN TOE FLEXION MOVEMENTS USING ULTRASOUND REAL-TIME TISSUE ELASTOGRAPHY Tatsuya Nakanowatari, Tadaki Koseki, Takuya Sato, Hideto Kanzaki, Yoshiro Kiyoshige. Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Japan Introduction and Aims: The quadratus plantae (QP) is a part of the plantar intrinsic foot muscle and is formed by medial and lateral muscle heads. QP contributes to supporting the medial longitudinal arch of the foot1) and assisting plantar flexion of the lesser toes2). Because QP is deep-layer muscle, an effective exercise for loading QP is not clear. Recently, ultrasound real-time tissue elastgraphy (RTE) measurements have allowed quantitative assessment of deep-layer muscle elasticity.3) The aim of this study was to determine the activity of QP in toe flexion movements using RTE. Methods: Thirteen healthy subjects performed maximal voluntary contraction using a hand-held dynamometer with external belt fixation for each toe-flexion movement. Elasticity of QP medial and lateral heads was measured using RTE during rest and each toe flexion. The strain ratio of the muscle to an acoustic coupler was calculated as an assessment index of muscle elasticity. Higher strain ratio values imply lower elasticity. Results: The strain ratio of the QP medial head for the second toe flexion (0.10 ± 0.11) was significantly stiffer than that for the fifth toe flexion (0.27 ± 0.23) (p < 0.05). Strain ratios of the QP lateral head for the second (0.32 ± 0.19), third (0.41 ± 0.37), and fourth (0.33 ± 0.26) toes flexion were significantly stiffer than that during the rest condition (1.02 ± 0.68) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the second, third, and fourth toe flexion movements can be effective exercises for loading QP. References 1) Kelly LA, Kuitunen S, Racinais S, Cresswell AG: Recruitment of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles withincreasing postural demand. Clin Biomech. 2012, 27: 46-51. 2) Hur MS, Kim JH, Woo JS, Choi BY, Kim HJ, Lee KS: An anatomic study of the quadratus plantae inrelation to tendinous slips of the flexor hallucis longus for gait analysis. Clin Anat. 2011, 24: 768-773. 3) Yuri T, Kuwahara Y, Fujii H, Kiyoshige Y: Functions of the subregions of the supraspinatus muscle. Clin Anat. 2017, [Epub ahead of print]. POOR SLEEP IS RELATED TO LOWER GENERAL HEALTH, INCREASED STRESS AND INCREASED CONFUSION IN ELITE GAELIC ATHLETES Michelle Biggins 1, 5, Roisin Cahalan 1, 5, Thomas Comyns 2, 5, Helen Purtill 1, 5, Sean Mcauliffe 1, 5, Liam Moffatt 3, 5, Mark Gallagher 3, 5, David Hanly 4,5, Kieran O. Sullivan 4, 5. 1 Clinical Therapies Department, Health Sciences Building, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co., Limerick, Ireland, United Kingdom; 2 Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co., Limerick, Ireland; 3 Mayo Sports Clinic, Kevin Barry Street, Ballina, Co., Mayo, Ireland; 4 Galway Sports Medicine Centre, Claregalway, Galway, United Kingdom; 5 Sports Spine Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar Introduction and Aims: Persistent poor sleep is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. Sleep is considered the main method of recovery in athletes, however studies report that a significant number of athletes are getting insufficient sleep. The purpose of this study was to assess the sleep profiles of elite Gaelic athletes and to compare wellbeing, in those with poor sleep and those with good sleep. Methods: 69 elite Gaelic athletes completed questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Subjective Health Complaints Inventory (SHC), Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), stress subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), the tension-anxiety, anger-hostility and confusion-bewilderment subscales of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) as well as the catastrophising subscale of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ). Participants were categorised into poor sleepers (PSQI5) and good sleepers (PSQI<5) and outcome measures of health and wellbeing were analysed between the two groups. Results: 47.8% of athletes were poor sleepers. Poor sleepers had significantly lower general health (SHC) (p¼0.029), increased stress (DASS) (p¼0.035) and increased confusion (POMS-subscale) (p¼0.005). There
ee9
was no significant difference between groups for number of painful body parts (NMQ) (p¼0.052), catastrophising (CSQ) (p¼0.287), overall mood (POMS) (p¼0.059), or POMS subscales of anger (p¼0.346) or tension (p¼0.593). Conclusion: Nearly 50% of elite Gaelic athletes report insufficient sleep. There is a significant relationship between poor sleep and lower general health, increased stress and increased confusion, and these factors may interact with each other. Monitoring of, and interventions to enhance sleep may be required to improve athletes’ wellbeing. PREPARATION AND TRAINING STRATEGIES IN OLDER ATHLETES PARTICIPATING AT THE PAN PACIFIC MASTERS GAMES Maria Constantinou 1, Peter Reaburn 2, Ryan McDonald 3, Mark Brown 1, 2. 1 Australian Catholic University, Australia; 2 Bond University, Australia; 3 Events Management Queensland, Australia Introduction and Aims: The Pan Pacific Masters Games attract more than 10,000 participants over the age of 30 years biennially. Previous injury surveillance at the 2014 Games found 4,395 medical encounters in 12,135 participants1. As the Games structure requires athletes to participate in multiple events over a short period, targeted preparation and training is warranted to minimize injuries during the Games. Information about athlete preparation/training strategies for these Games is scarce. The aim of this study was to identify preparation/training strategies in Masters athletes to improve advice to future Games participants. Methods: Participants at the 2016 Pan Pacific Masters Games were emailed a survey the day before commencement of the Games. Participants were asked to report when they began preparation, training strategies, injury history and status prior to the Games. Results: There were 11,953 Games participants. Approximately 1,100 participants responded to the survey (62% female). 894 (79%) athletes reported regular participation in their main sport. 99 (9%) athletes reported commencing preparation one month prior to the Games, 352 (32%) between 1-6 months and 514 (46%) more than 6 months, while 144 (13%) athletes did no preparation. 769 (71%) athletes reported they usually/always undertook warm-up activities, including stretching (925, 87%)), sports specific skills (637, 60%) running/jogging (561, 52%) and strengthening (234, 22%). 482 (45%) athletes reported injuries in the previous 12 months, with their most significant injury being to the lower limb (271, 57%) and/or a muscle injury (127, 30%). 215 (60%) athletes with an injury reported incomplete recovery at Games commencement. Conclusion: The results indicate athletes participating at Masters Games may be inadequately prepared for the competition demands. Athletes participating with existing injuries may contribute to the high number of medical encounters and injuries previously reported during these Games1. An interesting finding was the reported low use of strengthening warm-up activities in the Games preparation/training period and the high number of pre-existing muscle injuries. It appears from these findings that older athletes may benefit from preparation/training advice for participation at Masters Games, including adequate rehabilitation from previous injury and optimal injury prevention strategies, including strengthening exercises specific to their sport. References 1. Brown, M (2015). Sports injury surveillance at the Pan Pacific Masters Games 2008 to 2014. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2015 Vol.19, Supplement, Pages e8-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.400 TREATMENT OF SHOULDER MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINTS IN AMATEUR ATHLETES WITH ERGON® IASTM THERAPY, CUPPING AND ISCHAEMIC PRESSURE TECHNIQUES: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL Konstantinos Fousekis. Dept of Physical therapy, Technological Educational Institute of Western, Greece Introduction and Aims: Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) can be seen in the setting or athletic injury due to functional asymmetries, postural alterations, or secondary to repetitive injury and training overloading and are thought to be involved in several musculoskeletal pathologies in