performance of desktop computers in the U.S. computer industry

Information & Management North-Holland

20 (1991) 161-182

161

Research

Price/performance of desktop in the U.S. computer industry Introduction

Dinesh S. Dave and Kathy E. Fitzpatrick Department of Decision Sciences, College of Business, lachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA

Appa-

Throughout the history of computing, a topic of major interest has been the relationship between the cost of a computer system and its power. Several researchers, including Grosch, Knight, and others have attempted to quantify the relationship between price and power for computer systems in general. However, these studies did not focus on the price/performance ratio for desktop computers. The purpose of the present study was to develop a reliable model that can identify the factors which most significantly affect the price of desktop computers. The model is based upon various hardware characteristics, such as clock speed, RAM, inclusion of hard disk as standard equipment, type of microchips, and other time related variables (e.g. year of introduction). Once the model has been developed, it can serve as an aid in managerial decision-making process. Keywords: Desktop Computer Selection, Price/Performance of Computer Systems, Pricing Model for Desktop Computers, Managerial Pricing Decisions

Dinesh S. Dave is Associate Professor of Decision Sciences at Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, U.S.A. Dr. Dave’s teaching, research, and consulting activities have been in the areas of applied statistics, quantitative methods, operations research, production/operations management, and information systems. Dr. Dave’s articles have been published in various refereed journals including Decision Sciences, International Journal of Computer Applications in TechCommunications of the ACM, Information and ManagenOlO@ ment, A CM SIGNUM, International Journal of Produciion Research, Internaiional Journal of Management, Journal of Professional Services Marketing, Health Marketing Quarterly, and others. Furthermore, Dr. Dave has published several reviews in Computing Reviews and he is very active in presenting his research at various national and international conferences. Dr. Dave is an active member of Decision Sciences Institute (DSI), The Institute of Management Sciences (TIMS), And Operations Research Society of America (ORSA). 0378-7206/91/$03.50

computers

0 1991 - Elsevier Science Publishers

Throughout the history of computing, a topic of major interest has been the relationship between the cost of a computer system and its power. The power of desktop computing has been a shifting quantity in the PC industry. While the machines are converging in price and in potential uses, there is still a difference in computing power. Grosch (1953) formulated the price/power relationship, which stated that the speed of a computer system increases proportionally with the square of its cost; this gives rise to significant economies of scale. The validity of Grosch’s Law was the focus of a rigorous study by Knight (1966) in which he defined computer power as a function of memory, computer time and input/output time; the author then proceeded to establish a single value for the power of a system, and confirmed Grosch’s law by determining the relationship between computer power and price. Cale et al. (1979) conducted a study in which they reviewed previous efforts as quantifying the rela-

Kathy E. Fitzpatrick is Associate Professor and Chairperson in the Department of Decision Sciences at Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA. She received the Ph.D. in Systems Engineering from Clemson University in 1984. Dr. Fitzpatrick’s teaching, research and consulting activities have been in the areas of operations research, production/operations management, service operations and applied statistics. Her research has appeared in such refereed journals as Decision Sciences, Journal of the Operational Research Society, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Journal of Business Forecasting, and others. She has presented papers at a number of national and international professional conferences, and is a member of Decision Sciences Institute (DSI), The Institute of Management Sciences (TIMS), and the American Production and Inventory Control Society (APICS).

B.V. (North-Holland)

162

Research

Information & Management

tionship between the cost of a computer system and its power. Recently, Sircar and Dave (1986) analyzed the relationship between the cost of a computer and its power. They thoroughly revised the previous work of Grosch (1975), Knight (1966), and Cale et al. (1979). The authors developed a highly reliable model relating cost to memory size, MIPS, machine cycle time and year of introduction. They divided computer systems into four different classes: IBM machines, IBM plug-compatible machines, IBM competitor machines, and super minicomputers. Their model can be used by both users and manufacturers to determine appropriate computer system prices. The previous studies focused on the price/performance relationships of computers in general; no attempt has previously been made to quantify this relationship for desktop computers. The purpose of the present study was to develop a reliable model that can identify the factors which most significantly affect the price of desktop computers. The model is based upon various hardware characteristics such as clock speed, RAM, inclusion of hard disk as a standard feature, availability of optional hard-disk drive capacity, etc.. Once the model has been developed, it can be used for managerial decisions by determining whether a given desktop computer system is over- or under-priced. Further, an attempt is also made to support the previous studies by Cale et al. (1979), Sircar and Dave (1986), and others in which Grosch’s Law was found to be invalid.

there could be implicit variables affecting price which were not available in the source of data. Two price levels were provided for some system configurations in the data set - one for minimum system configuration and one for maximum configuration. Therefore, a dummy variable indicating the appropriate configuration was included in the model. Moreover, some prices included the availability of a hard disk; therefore, the model included another dummy variable indicating presence of a hard disk.

Development

of the Model

In order to determine the effects of computer characteristics on the price of desktop computers in the United States, a model was developed that directly related system price to system component measures (i.e., clock speed, RAM, hard disk standard, type of microchip, etc.). In addition, in order to measure the effect of time on price, year of introduction was included in the model. Of different linear and nonlinear models tried (Draper and Smith, 1966; Graybill, 1976), the model which demonstrated the highest predictive capabilities was: Ln( Price) = &, + &Ln( CLOCK) + P,Ln(RAM) + &(Hard

+ Procurement

of Data

Research in the field of information systems is severely hampered by the paucity of meaningful data. Fortunately, though, for this research effort, enough data were found to establish a data base covering a reasonable subset of desktop computing systems. The data, which demonstrate the effects of time and other characteristics on system price, were published by PCWeek during the period 1987-1989. The data collected are presented in Appendix D. Some observations were eliminated because of missing values of computer characteristics. Further, the machines priced at $23,000 or more were also eliminated because

Disk Standard)

P,(W) + P,(DC2>

+ Ps(MAX) > where PO,PI, P2, . . . are the parameters to be

estimated using a least squares program (SAS, 1985). The system of binary variables was defined as follows:

Dy

= 1

Dy

1

if year of introduction was 1988.

1

0

otherwise.

1

if year of introduction was 1989.

i

0

otherwise.

= 2

Note that the base case, if DY, = DY, = 0, covers computers introduced in 1987.

D.S. Dave, K.E. Fitzpatrick

Information & Managemenr

Further, discriminate

the binary variables DC, and DC, between different microchips, e.g.,

DC

1 0

if machine

1

if machine contains 80386 or 80386SX microchip.

= 1

DC,

(

=

i 0

contains

80286 microchip.

otherwise.

otherwise.

If DC, = DC, = 0, then the machine contains an 8088 microchip. Additionally, a binary variable (MAX) was used to differentiate between minimum and maximum system configurations. MAX = 1 represents the maximum configuration. Another binary variable (Hard Disk Standard) was included in the model to measure the effect of inclusion of a hard disk on system price. Notice that the variables “serial “opports standard”, “ expansion slots standard”, tional hard-disk capacity”, and video board and monitor standard” were not considered in the model. The reason is that in all formulations which were tried for the model, the coefficients derived for such measures were not significantly different from zero.

Results Table I shows the results of the model run on all observations. The validity of the model is demonstrated by the high value of the F-statistic, R2, the low value of the estimator (s2) of the variance

Table 1 Results of the Regression

/ Desktop Computers

163

of the random error, and the values of l-statistics for all parameters. The hypothesis H,: & = p2 = . . . = 0 was tested against the alternative hypothesis H,: At least one of the ps is non-zero. The value of the F-statistic was found to be 149.59, which is higher than E&742j = 2.51, even at the 99% significance level. Also, the observed significance level of the test was found to be 0.0000, which strongly supports the alternative hypothesis. The value of R2 was found to be 0.6173, which is high considering the fact that price can also be affected by some qualitative variables (for example, service available from the vendor) which are difficult to quantify. Further, the value of the estimator (s2) of the variance of the random error pertaining to the model (a2) is very small (0.1620) which indicates that the model has high predictive capability. Additionally, a test for the presence of autocorrelation was performed. The calculated value of the Durbin-Watson statistic was found to be 1.207, which is smaller than d, = 1.38 at (Y= 0.01, k = 8 and n = 751 observations, indicating uncorrelated error terms. Furthermore, residual analysis was performed by plotting residuals against the predicted values and residuals against individual variables. These plots showed a random pattern and an absence of outliers, as well as a constant error variance, indicating absence of heteroscedasticity. This demonstrates that the assumptions of the model are satisfied and the error terms can be considered to be identically and independently distributed.

Model

Variable Intercept Ln(CLOCK) Ln(RAM) Hard Disk Standard Effect for 1988 Effect for 1989 Microchip Effect for 80386 and 80286SX Microchip Maximum Configuration Error degrees of freedom = 742 t 2 1.96 = 95% significance level t 2 1.65 = 90% significance level * p is the coefficient in the regression change in the independent variable.

t-statistic

Pr>

6.7048845 0.1550452 0.1822222 0.3619025 - 0.1507443 - 0.0893302 0.4710333

56.94 3.51 6.06 11.88 - 4.04 - 1.90 4.80

0.0000 0.0005 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0580 0.0001

0.9921211 0.2843649

9.02 4.00

0.0001 0.0001

P’

equation

for each variable.

It is the amount

the dependent

variable

ITI

changes

for each unit

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Research

Table 2 Predicted

Prices for selected

Information

1987-89

Company/Product

Desktop

Computers.

Type

Price (9

Clock Speed MHz)

RAM (Megabytes)

Hard Disk incl. Base Model

Year

Of

Predicted Price Using the Fitted Model($)

Difference Between Predicted and Actual Price(%)

910 2695 1595 1499 2495 1595 1599 2395 1995 2995 1950 1499 2499 1599 3995 4995 3850 3495 3750 3995 3195 3995 5575 6075 6900 6785 4776 1895 2495 4250 2195 1995 3500 4500 3025 4495 2445 2199 2299 3595 3278 3195 3145 2095 1495 1595 1999 4798 2395

4.77 10 10 6 10 8 8 12 12 8 12 6 8 8 6 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 20 20 25 16 6 12.5 16 8 10 6 20 16 20 20 6 12.5 33 25 16 16 10 10 10 8 25 12

0.625 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.625 0.625 0.50 0.50 1 .oo 0.625 1 .oo 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 1 .oo 2.00 1 .oo 2.00 1 .oo 2.00 1.00 8.00 8.00 16.00 16.00 4.00 0.50 1.00 1 .oo 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.625 1 .oo 1.00 1.00 1.00 1 .oo 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.625 0.50 1 .oo 0.625

No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes

1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1988 1988 1988 1988

955 2683 1648 1521 2463 1657 1591 2433 1922 3162 1922 1521 2592 1591 4174 4860 3839 3384 3840 4183 3303 4180 5654 5853 6636 6870 4983 1879 2389 4180 2229 2034 3590 4327 2910 4328 2359 2132 2389 3463 3317 3099 3095 2163 1506 1569 2089 4763 2317

4.95 - 0.45 3.32 1.47 -1.28 3.89 -0.25 1.59 - 3.66 5.58 -1.43 1.47 3.72 - 0.25 4.48 2.70 - 0.29 - 3.11 2.40 4.71 3.38 4.63 1.42 - 3.65 - 3.83 1.27 4.33 - 0.84 4.24 -1.65 1.55 1.95 2.57 - 3.84 - 1.58 - 3.72 - 3.52 - 3.05 3.92 - 3.53 1.18 - 3.00 - 1.59 2.86 0.74 -1.63 4.50 -0.73 - 3.26

Microchip

PC Designs/Plain Vanilla Advanced Logic Research/Dart 40 Beltron/Beltron 286 Cheung Digital America/CL28 CSS Labs/CSS 286-4 Epson America/Equity II + Heath Company/HS-248-S Micro l/Power 286-12 Mini-Micro Bus. Sys./Ultra 286 Mitsubishi/AMP 286 PC Designs/GV286-120 Sanyo/MBC990 Tandon/Targa 20 + Wyse Tech/Wyse ~~2108 Acer Tech./Acer 1100 Delta Computer/Delta Gold Franklin Com./FTC 386 Indtech/Indtech 5 TeleVideo/Tele386 Acer Tech./AcerllOO American Mitac/Paragon 386-Z Mini-Micro Bus. Sys./MM386-16 American Mitac/Paragon 386-8 American Mitac/Paragon 386E-8 Arche Tech./ArcheRival386-16 Bi-Tech/Bi-Tech Super AT-16 Compu-Add/Standard 386-16-4 Acer Tech./Acer 910 Amdek/System 286A Amdek/System 386E Arche Tech/Arche Rival 286 AST Research/Premium 286 Cheung Digital America/CL386 CSS Labs/CSS 386-20 Intelligent Data Sys/IDS PC386 Microl/Power 386-170 NEC/Powermate 2 Tandon/Targa Wyse Tech./WYSE pc 286-2112 Business Micro Sys./BMS 33C Spear Tech./Sp386i NCR/PC 386SX NCR/PC 386SX-MC AST Research/AST Premium 286 AST Research/AST Premium WS American Mita C/Paragon 2863 Wyse Tech/WYSEpc 2108-2 Trillian/Dual Cache 386 Sysgen/Pro-System-Std.

& Management

8088 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80286 80286 80386 80286 80286 80386 80386 80386 80386 80286 80286 80286 80386 80386 80386SX 80386SX 80286 80286 80286 80286 80386 80286

No

No No Yes No

Yes No No No

No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No

Yes Yes Yes Yes No NO

No No Yes

No No Yes Yes Yes

1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989

Information

& Management

D.S. Dave, K. E. Fitzpatrick

The model which demonstrated the greatest predictive capability can be presented using the coefficients of Table 1 as: Ln( Price) = 6.7048845

+ (0.1550452)

+ (0.1822222)

{ Ln(CLOCK)}

{Ln(RAM)}

+ (0.3619025)(Hard

Disk Standard)

- (O.l507443)(Effect

for 1988)

- (O.O893302)(Effect

for 1989)

+ (0.4710333)(Effect

for 80286 Microchip)

+ (0.9921211)(Effect

for 80386 and

80386SX Microchips) i- (0.2843649)(MAX). The effect achieved by varying the independent variables individually for a given configuration, while holding the other independent variables constant, is shown graphically in Appendix C. This graphical analysis allows questions such as “How would price be affected if any system attribute was changed?” to be considered. Specifically, it provides information for particular types of system configurations as to which characteristics have the greatest effects on price. The graphical analysis indicates that the type of microchip used in the machine has the highest effect on price; specifically, 80386 or 80386SX microchips have the greatest impact on price, followed by 80286 microchips. Other variables found to impact price were (in descending order of in“hard disk standard”, “RAM”, and fluence) “Clock Speed”. As expected, “Year of Introduction” had a negative effect on price of desktop computers. This indicates that the widely held belief regarding the effect of advances in technology on reducing system prices is true. The impact on price of a fluctuation in computer characteristics can also be determined mathematically, as described in Appendices A and B.

Prediction of Price Using Model Table 2 shows the predicted and actual prices of some desktop computers with different configurations based upon type of microchip used, clock speed, RAM, etc.. These machines represent a

/ Desktop Computers

165

reasonable subset of desktop computing systems. The predicted prices are compared with the actual prices and found to be quite close, indicating that the model has high predictive capacity. The model may, therefore, be utilized by managers to determine whether a given system is overpriced or underpriced. Similarly, computer manufacturers may use the model as a guide for establishing pricing strategies.

Conclusions The model developed to estimate price of desktop computers, given clock speed, memory size (RAM), inclusion of hard-disk, effect of time, type of microchip, and system configuration was found to be reliable, because the calculated R2 and F-statistics are fairly high. The price is not simply the square root of speed, but is also affected by these other characteristics. Therefore, the validity of Grosch’s law for desktop computers appears to be questionable. In order to disprove Grosch’s law, one would have to examine a more heterogeneous class of computers, and a definition of “ power” other than clock speed would be required. One of the parameters having the greatest effect on system price is memory size (RAM), which supports the findings of previous studies (e.g. Sircar and Dave, 1986; Cale et al., 1979). This is consistent with the fact that memory size is still one of the most expensive components of a computer system. In addition to memory size, other parameters which were found to greatly influence price included type of microchip and clock speed. The pricing strategies for computers with different types of microchips were rather interesting. For systems using 80386 or 80386SX microchips, average prices were higher than for systems using 80286 microchips. The 80286 machines were priced higher than systems with 8088 microchips. Furthermore, the model as expected confirms the widely held belief that the effect of advancing computer technology has been to reduce system price over time. For example, average system prices for machines introduced in 1989 were lower than prices for similarly configured systems introduced in 1988. The chief contribution of the model is that it provides a method of price/performance compari-

Information

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166

among desktop computers. A model such as this can enable a potential purchaser to determine whether a particular system is over- or underpriced relative to other available systems. It can also be useful to computer manufacturers and vendors in making managerial decisions regarding price/purchase strategies. sons

& Management

To gauge the effect on price due to the year of introduction for identical configurations with 80286 Microchips, the model can be stated as: Ln(Price)

= C, + &(Effect

for 1988)

+ &(Effect

for 1989)

+ & (Effect

for 80286 Microchip), (42)

where

References

C,= Draper, N. and Smith, H., Applied Regression Analysis, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1966. Cale, E.G., Gremillion, L.L., and McKenney, J.L., “Price/Performance Patterns of U.S. Computer Systems”, CACM, Vol. 22, No. 4, April, 1979, pp. 225-232. Graybill, F.A., Theory and Applicatrons of the Linear Model, Duxbury, North Scituate, MA, 1976. Grosch, H.A., “High Speed Arithmetic: The Digital Computer as a Research Tool”, Jr. Opt. Sot. America, Vol. 43, No. 4, 1953. Grosch, H.A., “Grosch’s Law Revisited”, Computerworld, Vol. 8, No. 16, 1975, p. 24. Knight, K.E., “Changes in Computer Performance”, Datamation, Vol. 12, No. 9, 1966, pp. 40-54. PCWeek, Vol. 4, No. 44, November 3, 1987, pp. S/30-s/34. PCWeek, Vol. 5, No. 13, March 29, 1988, pp. 62-68. PCWeek, Vol. 5, No. 25, June 21, 1988, pp. 69-87. PCWeek, Vol. 6, No. 2, January 16, 1989, pp. 86-90. PCWeek, Vol. 6, No. 18, May 8, 1989, pp. 104-107. PCWeek, Vol. 6, No. 36, September 11, 1989, p. 98. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics V. 5, SAS Institute, North Carolina, 1985. Sircar, S. and Dave, D.S., “Effect of Computer Characteristics on Price in the U.S. Computer Industry”, Information and Management, Vol. 11, 1986, pp. 77-85.

& + &Ln(CLOCK) + & (Hard

+ &Ln(RAM)

Disk Standard)

+ &(Effect

for 80386 or 80386SX

Microchip)

+ ps (MAX).

(A3)

For example, to observe the change in price due to the years 1987 to 1988 for 80286-based desktop computers (see Table l), the values of the binary variables “Effect for 1988” and “Effect for 1989” will be zero. Then the model can be written as: Ln(Price)

= C, + 0.47103336,

(A4)

where C, = 6.7048845

+ O.l550452Ln(CLOCK)

+ O.l822222Ln(RAM) + 0.3619025(Hard

Disk Standard)

+ 0.9921211(Effect

for 80386 or

80386SX Microchip) + 0.2843649(MAX).

(A5)

Therefore, Appendix A

Price = exp{ C, + 0.4703336).

The Effects on Price Due to Year of Introduction

The model which possesses tive capability is given by:

the highest

predic-

= /3,, + &Ln(CLOCK) + &(Hard

Disk Standard) for 1988) + &(Effect

+ & (Effect

for 80286 Microchip)

+ &(Effect

for 80386 or 80386SX

for 1989)

Price in 1988 Price in 1987 ’ Loo = exp{ [ C, + 0.3202891

- [C, + 0.4710333]}

x 100 Microchip)

+ ps (MAX).

(A7)

Then the change in price in 1988 as compared 1987 can be computed as:

+ &Ln(RAM)

+ &(Effect

Similarly, the model which depicts 1988 price can be obtained from equation (A2) as: Ln(Price) = C, - 0.1507443 + 0.4710333. That is, Ln(Price) = C, + 0.320289. Therefore, Price = exp{ C, + 0.320289).

Ln( Price)

(A61

= exp{ -0.1507443) (Al)

= 86.01%.

X 100

to

Information & h4anagement

This indicates that the decline in price in 1988 as compared to 1987 in the 80286-based desktop computers is 13.99%.

Appendix B Effects on Price Due to Types of Microchips

The model which possesses tive capability is given by: Ln(Price)

the highest

= &, + &Ln(CLOCK) + & (Hard

To observe the change in Price for 80386 or 80386SX-based desktop computers as compared to 80286-based machines, the model which demonstrates price for 80286-based desktop computers will be (see Table 1): Ln(Price) = C, + 0.4710333. Therefore,

Price = exp{ C, + 0.4710333). predicSimilarly, for 80386- or 80386SX-based computer, price will be: Ln(Price) 0.9921211. Therefore,

+ &Ln(RAM)

desktop = C, +

Price = exp{ C, + 0.9921211).

+ &(Effect

for 1988)

+ & (Effect

for 1989)

+ & (Effect

for 80286 Microchip)

+ &(Effect

for 80386 or 80386SX + pa (MAX).

= C,,,, + &(Effect + &(Effect

WI

KPnce

for 80386- or 80386SX-based desktop

/{Price

for 80386 or 80386SX

(w

where

for 80286-b ased desktop

=exp{[C,+0.9921211]

computers}]

+ &Ln(RAM)

- [C,+O.4710333]}

x 100 = exp{ 0.5210878)

C, = ,B,,+ &Ln(CLOCK)

computers}

x 100

for 80286)

Microchip).

(W

Therefore,

To measure the effects on price due to the use of different types of microchips for identical configuration, the model can be written as:

+ & (Hard

ow

Disk Standard)

Microchip)

Ln(Price)

167

D.S. Dave, K.E. Fitzpatrick / Desktop Computers

x

100

= 168.39%.

Disk Standard)

+ &(Effect

for 1988)

+ &(Effect

for 1989) + &(MAX).

(B3)

Therefore, 80386 or 80386SX based computers are about 68% more expensive machines based on 80286 microchip.

desktop than the

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Information & Management

Appendix C

Plot of Plot of Plot of Plot of Plot of Plot of Plot of

LPPR*LNRAM. LPPC*LNCLOCK. LPPH*HARD. LPPDYl*DY 1. LPPDY2*DY2. LPPCl*cl. LPPC2T2.

Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol

= = = = = = =

‘R’. ‘c’. ‘H’. ‘8’. ‘9’. ‘2’. ‘3’.

7.6

7.6

L P P R L P P C L P P H

.

7.4

7.2

7.0

6.8

6.4

-1.386

-0.386

0.614

1.614

2.614

Ln(RAM), Ln(CLOCK), HARD, ...

Fig. 1. Log of Independent

Variables.

3.614

4.614

5.614

Informalion

& Management

D.S. Dave, K.E. Fitzpatrick

/ Desktop Computers

Appendix D Computer

Characteristics

and Prices of Desktop

Computers

Company/Product

Microchip

Price (in S)

Clock Speed (in MHz)

RAM (Mbytes)

Hard Disk

Year

Acer Tech./Acer710 Bentley &./Bentley Turbo-10 BiTech Ent./Bitech PC Delta Computer/Delta Gold Elite Electra-Design/IMP CP88 Epson America/Equity I+ Fivestar Computers/Fivestar XL Heath/HS-158-H Intelligent Data Sys./PC-88 Turbo Leading Edge/Model D Micro Five/Series 3000 NCR/PC6 PC Design/Plain Vanilla PC Source/Standard Turbo/l0 PC Source/Standard Turbo 8 Pioneer Enterprises/DTK Proteus Technology/XT0 Wyse Technology/WY-1400 XTRA Bus. Sys./I’M Pro. Ser. 300 Acer Tech./Acer 900 Acer Tech./Acer 910 Adv. Logic Research/Dart 10 Adv. Logic Research/Dart 40 Adv. Logic Research/Dart R66 Adv. Logic Research/Dart 80 Adv. Logic Research/PC2 Model 15 Alpha Omega Comp./IntelIigent AT Alphanumeric Int./ANI AT Alphanumeric Int./ANI AT-12MHz American Comp./286ST Executive American Comp./286EX Executive American Micro Tech./AMT 286 American Micro Tech./AMT 286 Turbo AMQ Computer/AMQ286 AST Research/Premium 286 AT&T/PC 6310 AT&T/PC 6310 (with 68M hard drive) AT&T/PC 6312 AT&T/PC 6312 (with 68M hard drive) Beltron Computers/Beltron 286 Bentley Computers/Bentley 286-10 Bentley Computers/Bentley 286-12 Bentley Computers/Bentley 286-8 Bi Tech Enterprises/Bi-Tech PC AT Bondwell/Bondwell 39 CAD Counsel/Protean Canon USA/A-200 EX Canon USA/A-200 EX (20M hard drive) Cheung Digital America/CL-18 Cheung Digital America/CL-28 Cheung Digital America/CL-38 Chicago Comp. Connection/CCC AT Club American Tech./Club 286-O

8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 8088 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286

1260 479 465 1195 2195 1095 695 700 1715 1095 450 1775 910 495 399 525 565 1199 1499 3695 339s 1595 2695 2295 3195 1545 1249 1049 1199 2795 4795 1490 1590 1195 1195 2465 5505 2895 5790 1595 899 1129 799 979 1595 6750 4195 5195 1399 1499 1549 999 995

4.77 1 .oo 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.00 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 10.00 8.00 4.77 10.00 6.00 6.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 8.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 8.00 8.00 12.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 12.00 8.00 10.00 6.00 10.00 6.00 8.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 8.00

0.750 0.625 0.250 0.500 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.500 0.625 0.500 0.250 0.250 0.625 0.625 0.250 0.250 0.625 0.250 0.703 0.500 0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.500 0.500 0.625 0.625 0.500 1.000 0.625 0.625 0.500 0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.500 0.500 1.000 0.500 0.500 1.000 2.000 0.625 0.625 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.625 0.500

NO

1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987

80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286

NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO

NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO

NO YES YES NO YES YES YES NO NO NO NO YES YES YES YES NO NO NO YES NO YES NO NO NO NO NO NO YES NO YES NO NO NO NO NO

169

170

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& Management

Table (continued) Company/Product

Club American Tech./Club 286-A Club American Tech./Club 286-B Club American Tech./ Pulse Compaq Computer/Deskpro 286-20 Compaq Computer/Deskpro 286-40 Compaq Computer/Deskpro 286 1 Computerland/Bus. Computing Sys. Convergent Tech./Network PC Cordata Sys./ATD-8-Q Cordata Sys./ATD-Q-II Cordata Sys./SIimIine CS 4205 Cordata Sys./Slimline CS 4220 CSS Labs/CSS 286-A CSS Labs/CSS 286-20 CSS Labs/CSS 286-40 Data General/Dasher-286 Dell Computer/286-12 Dell Compute/2868 Delta Gold/Delta Gold Prestige Electra Design/IMP-286 Eltech Research/Eltech 286-10 Plus Eltech Research/Eltech 286-12B Plus Eltech REsearch/Eltech 286-10B Plus Epson America/Equity II + Epson America/Equity III + Fivestar Computers/FS 286-10 Fivestar Computers/FS 286-12 Fivestar Computers/286-10 Fivestar Computers/286-12 Focus Tech./Prism 286-6/10 Focus Tech./Prism 286-6/12 Focus Tech./Prism 286i-6/8 Focus Tech./Prism 286i-6/12 47th St. Comp./Maximum Turbo 286-6 47th St. Comp./Maximum Turbo 286-12 Franklin Tele./FTC 286/10 Generic Tech./Generic AT-10 Generic Tech./Generic AT-8 Heat Co./HS-248-SX Heat Co./HS-248-S Hewlett-Packard/HP Vectra ES Hewlett-Packard/HP Vectra ES/12 Indtech/Model5191 Indtech/Model5191 (40 Mbyte) IBM/5170 AT 319 IBM/5170 AT 339 IBM/PS/2 Model 50 IBM/5162 Intell. Data Sys./PC-286 Turbo Intell. Data Sys./IMS-286-10 Intell. Data Sys./IMS-286-12 JC Info. Sys./JC Lips 286 Kaypro/286i A Kaypro/286i C Manu. Design Source/MDS 286 Micro l/Power 286-12

Microchip

Clock Speed (in MHz)

RAM (Mbytes)

Hard Disk

Year

(in S)

Price

80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286

1125 1395 1695 3999 4999 2999 2795 1400 1895 1795 1280 1680 1620 1995 2495 3370 2699 1799 2495 2795 1225 1325 1075 1595 3495 1295 1495 1095 1295 1359 1489 1269 1369 1049 3850 1840 1525 1475 1999 1599 2795 3195 1295 1895 4595 4595 3595 2495 4115 899 1099 995 1995 2995 1176 2395

10.00 10.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 12.00 8.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 12.00 8.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 10.00 6.00 6.00 10.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 12.00

0.500 0.500 1.000 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.500 0.500 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.500 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.500 0.500 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.500 0.625 0.625 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.625 1.000 0.625 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.625 0.625 0.500 1.000 0.500 0.500 1 .ooo 0.625 0.500 0.500 1.000 0.500 0.625 0.625 0.500 0.500

NO

1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987

NO

NO YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO YES NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO YES NO NO NO NO YES YES YES YES NO YES NO NO NO YES NO YES YES NO YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO YES NO YES

Information

& Management

D.S. Daue, K. E. Fitzpairick

/ Desktop

Computers

Table (continued) Company/Product

Micro l/Power 286 Micro l/286 + Micro l/286/386 Micro l/Series 5000 Micro l/Series 6000 Mini-Micro Bus. Sys./TSI Pro 286 Mini-Micro Bus. Sys./Ultra 286 Mitac/Paragon 286 Mitac/Paragon 286-5 Mitsubishi/AMP 286 Mitsubishi/AMP 286 (20 Mbyte) NCR/NCR PC 710 NCR/NCR PC 810 NEC/APC IV Business Mate NEC/APC IV Powermate 1 NEC/APC IV Powermate 2 Olivetti USA/M28 Packard Bell/PB286-10 Packard Bell/PB286-12 Packard BeIl/PB286-12 H3 Packard Bell/PB286 Packard Bell/PBExec 286 PC Designs/GV-286 Model 100 PC Designs/GV-286 Model 120 PC Designs/GV-286 Model 801 PC Source/Standard 286 II PC Source/Standard 286/10 PC Source/Standard 286/12 Pioneer Ent./Everex Pioneer Ent./DTK PMA/PMA AT Turbo Proteus Tech./Proteus 286E Proteus Tech./Proteus 286F Proteus Tech./Proteus 286GTX Sanyo/MBC 990 Sanyo/MBC 990 (30 Mbyte) SCSI/System 1700C SCSI/System 1800 SCSI/lSOOB Spear Tech/Spear 286-8 Spear Tech./Spear 286-10A Spear Tech/Spear 286-10B Spear Tech/Spear 286-12 Systen/Pro System Talbott/TaIbott 286 Tandon/PCA-20 + Tandon/PCA-40 + Tandon/Targa 20 + Tandon/Targa 40 + Tandon/PAC286 + Tandon/PAC286 + (with 30 Mbyte) Tandon/Tandy 1OOOTX Tandon/Tandy 3000 Tandon/Tandy 3000HL Televideo/TeleCAT Telex Comp./1220

Microchip

Price (in S)

Clock Speed (in MHz)

RAM (Mbytes)

Hard Disk

Year

80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286

1888 1295 1795 2450 1595 2195 1995 3195 2895 2195 2995 1954 2950 4995 1995 2595 4450 2795 3495 4800 2495 2695 1425 1950 1200 945 995 1149 1975 2865 1799 1295 1450 2395 1499 2399 1495 995 1195 2865 1025 1295 1495 3295 1995 2399 2899 2499 2999 2648 2997 1199 1999 1499 1145 1995

10.00 10.00 10.00 12.00 10.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 6.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 12.00 6.00 10.00 10.00 12.00 8.00 6.00 10.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 12.00 6.00 8.00 12.00 8.00 12.00 6.00 10.00 10.00 12.00 12.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 10.00 4.00 6.00 4.00 8.00 8.00

0.500 0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000 1 .ooo 1.000 1.000 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.500 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.500 0.500 1.000 0.500 0.500 1 .oOO 1.000 1 .ooo 1.000 0.500 0.500 1.000 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 1.000 0.625 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.625 0.625 0.500 0.500 1.000

YES YES YES NO NO NO NO YES YES NO YES NO NO YES YES YES YES NO NO YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO YES NO YES NO NO YES NO YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO YES YES YES YES YES YES NO YES NO NO NO YES NO

1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987

171

172

Research

Information

& Management

Table (continued) Microchip

Company/Product

Telex Comp./1240 Telex Comp./1280 Texas Inst./Business-Pro Texax Inst./Business-Pro (40 Mbyte) United Solutions/United 286/12 United Solutions/United 286/10 Wang/PC 240 Wang/PC 280 Wells Am./A* Star-50 Wells Am/A* Star-400 Wells Am./A* Star-800 Wells Am./A*Star-50-16 Wells Am/A* Star-400-16 WholeEarth/ Wyse Tech./WYSEpc 286-2200 Wyse Tech./WYSEpc 286-2108 Wyse Tech./WYSEpc 286-2112 Wyse Tech./WYSEpc 286-2214 XTRA Bus. Sys./Pro Series 400 Zenith/Z286 Zenith/ZW248 81 Zenith/ZW248 82 Zenith/ZW248 84 AMQ/AMQ-386 AT&T/6386 Work Group AT&T/6386 Work Group (135 Mbyte) Acer/Acer 1100 Adv. Logic Research/386-2/10 Adv. Logic Research/386_2/R66 Alphanumeric/N1 386 Alphanumeric/N1 286 (20 Mbyte) Amer. Computer/386-ST EX Bitech/Bi-Tech Super AT Bitech/Bi-Tech Super AT (380 Mbyte) CSS Labs/CSS 386-A Centurion/Mylex 386 Chicago Comp./CCC 386 Chicago Comp./CCC 386 (80 MByte) Compaq/Deskpro 386 Compaq/Deskpro 386/20 60 Compaq/Deskpro 386/20 130 Compaq/Deskpro 386/20 300 Convergent Tech./Network PC 386 Delta Comp./Delta Gold Premier Eltech/Eltech 386 Intel 16 Eltech/Eltech 386 M20/16 Eltech/Eltech 386 20B Eltech/Eltech 386 FT16 Eltech/Eltech 386 20/16B Fivestar/FS386 Fivestar/ Franklin/FTC386 Heath/HS386A Indtech/IndtechS Intell. Data Sys./PC-3866 JC Info. Sys./PC LIPS 386

Price (in S)

Clock Speed (in MHz)

RAM (Mbytes)

Hard Disk

1895 2500 3995 5770 1149 895 2125 3850 995 2385 2695 1395 2795 1645 1999 1599 2299 3999 3199 2399 2999 3699 4499 2795 4899 8799 3995 1990 3490 2495 2795 7485 2695 6195 2995 2495 1995 3095 6499 7499 9499 12499 3295 4995 2450 2300 2500 2250 2400 3395 3195 3850 3350 3495 4662 2195

6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 12.00 10.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 14.00 14.00 16.00 16.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 12.50 10.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 6.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 20.0 16.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 6.00 6.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00

1.000 0.500 0.500 0.625 l.OiKl 1.000 0.625 0.625 0.500 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 0.625 0.625 0.500 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 2.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000 2.000 1.000 2.000 1.000 2.000 0.625 1.000 2.000 1.000

NO NO NO YES NO NO NO NO NO YES YES NO YES YES NO NO NO YES YES NO NO YES YES YES NO YES YES NO YES No YES YES NO YES NO YES NO YES YES YES YES YES NO YES NO NO NO NO NO YES YES NO NO NO YES NO

80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386

Year

1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987

Information

& Management

D.S. Dave, K.E. Fitzpatrick

/ Desktop Computers

Table (continued) Company/Product

Kaypro/Model E Kaypro/Model E40 Kaypro/Model E 130 Kaypro/Model N Micro l/Power 386 Mini-Micro Bus. Sys./Pro. Sys. 386 Mitac/Paragon 386 Mitsubishi/MP 386 Model 110 Mitsubishi/MP 386 Model 140E Mitsubishi/MP 386 Model 140M NCR/NCR 916 NEC/PowerMate 386 Olivetti/M380 Olivetti/M380C PC Designs/9V-386 PC Source/Standard 386/16 PC Source/386 16 * System PMA/PMA386 Packard Bell/PB386S/16 Packard BeIl/PB386S/16-4 Packard BeIl/PB386S/20 Packard Bell/PB386S/20-4 Packard Bell/PB386S/20-8 Power Sys./Trillian 386 Model 1 Power Sys./Trillian 386 Model 3 Power Sys./Trillian 386 Model 3 Proteus/Proteus 386A-16 Proteus/Proteus 386A-20 SCSI/3OOOA Spear/Spear 386-16 Talbott/TaIbott 386 Desktop Televideo/Tele-386 Televideo/Tele-386 (40 Mbyte) Telex/l285 Intell. Workstation Wang/PC380 WholeEarth/WholeEarth 386 WholeEarth/WholeEarth 386 (70 Mbyte) Wyse Tech./386 Model 3216 Wyse Tech./386 Model 3216 (70 Mbyte) XTRA Bus. Sys./Pro. 100 I’IT/XTRA Zenith/Z386 Model 40 Zenith/Z386 Model 80 Acer Tech./Acer 1100 Acer Tech./Acer 1100-16 Adv. Logic Research/ALR 386-220 Adv. Logic Research/ALR 386-220-20 Adv. Logic Research/ALR 386-2 Adv. Logic Research/ALR 386-2-16 ALR/FlexCache 16386 ALR/FIexCache 20386 ALR FlexNode 386 ALR/FlexNode 386-20 Alcatel/XTRA Pro 700 AIcatel/XTRA Pro 700-16 Alphanumeric/AN1386 Alphanumeric/ANI386-20

Microchip

Price (in S)

Clock Speed (in MHz)

RAM (Mbytes)

Hard Disk

Year

80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386

3995 5795 8095 8795 2870 3995 4095 4595 6895 6195 6353 5295 6720 6245 3125 2195 4299 4699 4499 6199 4799 6499 6979 1995 3995 3495 2795 3345 2195 2495 3995 3750 4899 4290 6495 2195 4095 3799 4999 6499 6499 7499 3995 6395 2695 3990 2190 3495 4699 9990 3490 4490 6499 12048 2699 14999

8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 16.00 24.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 4.77 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 4.77 16.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 6.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 8.00 16.00 16.00 8.00 8.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 20.00

0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000 2.000 1 .oOO 1.000 1.000 2.000 1.000 4.000 1.000 1.000 0.625 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 1.000 2.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 16.000 1.000 10.000 1.000 10.000 1.000 2.000 1.000 13.000 1.000 16.000 1.000 6.000

NO YES YES YES YES YES YES NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO YES YES NO YES NO YES YES NO YES YES NO NO NO NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO YES YES NO NO YES YES NO NO

1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988

173

174

Research

Information & Management

Table (continued) Company/Product

Price

MicroChip

(in S)

Clock Speed (in MHz)

RAM (Mbytes)

80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386

3850 5705 4250 5705 3795 4090 3995 4290 4295 3595 5995 4095 6495 3195 5575 3695 6075 4395 6900 5195 7553 8495 12089 4899 10200 2695 6785 5500 2095 9679 6499 9997 1499 13797 1995 2092 5924 2999 6831 4095 5495 4995 5895 3690 3899 7699 4195 5695 4295 6795 4695 7195 2059 4895 2399 3690

16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 20.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 16.00 20.00 16.00 25.00 16.00 4.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 20.00 16.00 8.00 16.00 8.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 4.77 16.00 6.00 20.00 6.00 20.00 16.00 20.00 16.00 16.00

1.000 2.000 1.000 2.000 1.000 16.000 1.000 16.000 4.000 1.000 8.000 1.000 8.000 2.000 8.000 2.000 8.000 2.000 16.000 1.000 13.000 2.000 13.000 1.000 48.000 1.000 16.000 1.000 1.000 16.000 1.000 10.000 1.000 16.000 1.000 1.000 16.000 2.000 16.000 2.000 16.000 2.000 16.000 1.000 1.000 16.000 1.000 16.000 1.000 4.000 2.000 16.000 1.000 4.000 2.000 16.000

Amdek/System 386 Amdek&stem 386-16 Amdek/System 386E Amdek/System 386EO16 Amer. Comp. & Per/386-ST Basic Amer. Comp. & Per/386-ST Basic-16 Amer. Comp. & Per/386-ST Business Amer. Comp. & Per/386-ST Business-16 Amer. Comp. & Per/386-ST Executive Amer. Comp. & Per/386-ST Exec.-16 Amer. Comp. Prod./Maxim 386-8 Amer. Comp. Prod./Maxim Turbo 386 Amer. Comp. Prod./Maxim Turbo 386-8 Amer. Mitac/Paragon 386 Amer. Mitac/Paragon 386-8 Amer. Mitac/Paragon 386E Amer. Mitac/Paragon 386E-8 Arche Tech./Arch-Rival 386 Arche Tech./ArcheRival 386-16 AST Research/Premium 386-300 AST Research/Premium 386-300/13 AST Research/Premium 386-390/3320 AST Research/Prem.386-390/3320-13 AT&T/6386 Work Group System AT&T/6386 Work Group System-48 BiTech/Bitech Super AT Bitech/Bitech Super AT-16 Canon/A-200SX Chicago Comp./CCC 386C Chicago Comp./CCC 386C-16 Compaq/Deskpro 386/16 Compaq/Deskpro 386/16-10 Compaq/Deskpro 386/20 Compaq/Deskpro 386/20-16 CompuAdd/Standard 386/16 Computer Components/386-8 Computer Components/386-16 Computer Components/386-20-8 Computer Components/386-20-16 Cordata/CS 5005 Cordata/CS 5080 Cordata/CS 5005-2 Cordata/CS 5040-2 CSS Labs/CSS 386 Dell/Dell System 310 Dell/Dell System 310-16 Delta Comp./Delta Gold Premium Delta Comp./Delta Gold Premium-16 Fivestar/386/20 Fivestar/386/20-4 Fivestar/FS386 Fivestar/FS386-16 Focus Tech/Loop 386 Focus Tech./Loop 386-4 Fortron/Fortron 386/16-2 Fortron/Fortron 386/16-16

Hard Disk

Year

NO

1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988

NO NO NO

YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO YES YES NO NO NO NO YES NO NO YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO YES YES NO NO YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO

D.S. Daue, K.E. Fitzpatrick

Information & Management

/ Desktop Computers

Table (continued) Company/Product

Fortron/Fortron 386/20 Fortron/Fortron 386/20-16 Franklin/FTC 386 Heath/HS 386B Heath/HS 386B-16 IBM/PS/2 Model SO-041 IBM/PS/Z Model 80-071 IBM/PS/Z Model SO-111 IBM/PS/Z Model 80-311 IBM/PS/2 Model 70-121 IBM/PS/Z Model 70-E61 Indtech/Indtech 386 Desktop Indtech/Indtech 386 Pillar lntell. Data Sys./IDS386V Intell. Data Sys./IDS386S Ivy Micro./Ivy 386 Ivy Micro./Ivy 386-12 JC Info./JC Lips 386 JC Info./JC Lips 386-20 Kaypro/ Model E Kaypro/ Model E-16 Laser Digital/Pacer 3868/16 Laser Digital/Pacer 3868/24 Manu. Design/MDS 386/16 Manu. Design/MDS 386/20 MAXAR PCs/Maxar 386 MAXAR PCs/Maxar 386-16 Memorex Telex/l285 Intell. Memorex Telex/l285 Intell.-S Memorex Telex/7065 Memorex Telex/7065-8 Mini-Micro/MM 386-16 Mini-Micro/MM 386-20 Mini-Micro/MM Pro-20 Mini-Micro/MM Pro-25 Nitsubishi/MP 386 Mitsubishi/MP 386-2 NCR/916 NCR/916-16 NEC/Powermate 386/20 NEC/Powermate 386/20-16 Packard BelI/PB386 Supreme Packard BeIl/PB386 Supreme-20 PC Designs/GV386-16 PC Designs/GV386-16-4 PC Designs/GV386-20 PC Designs/GV386-20-4 PMA/PMA AT-386 PMA/PMA aT-386-20 Proteus/Proteus 386A-16 Proteus/Proteus 386A-20 Proteus/ProCache Proteus/ProCache-20 Samsun@ SCSI/EX3000A SCSI/EX30OOA-4

Microchip

Clock Speed (in MHz)

RAM (Mbytes)

Hard Disk

Year

(in $)

80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386

2800 4100 3230 3349 5000 6995 7995 8995 11995 7995 5995 4395 7595 437s 4535 2995 4595 1995 7995 5795 8095 2695 7995 1930 5050 4799 6769 4630 9800 4300 7000 3995 5995 5995 19995 3995 7595 499s 8653 5645 11240 4799 8179 2215 6165 2215 6545 2169 10500 2195 6120 3195 7120 3995 1795 3450

20.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 16.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 16.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 24.00 16.00 20.00 8.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 20.00 25.00 16.00 16.00 4.77 16.00 20.00 20.00 8.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 20.00 16.00 20.00 6.00 20.00 6.00 20.00 20.00 8.00 16.00

1.000 16.000 2.000 1.000 16.000 1.000 2.000 2.000 2.00 16.000 16.000 1.000 16.000 1.000 16.000 1.000 12.000 1.000 8.000 2.500 16.000 2.000 10.000 1.000 16.000 4.000 4.000 1.000 8.000 2.000 8.000 1.000 16.000 1.000 16.000 1.000 2.000 2.000 16.000 2.000 16.000 0.625 4.000 1.000 4.000 1.000 4.000 1.000 10.000 1.000 4.000 1.000 10.000 1.000 1.000 4.000

NO

1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988

Price

NO YES NO NO YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO YES YES YES YES NO NO YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO

175

176

Research

Information & Management

Table (continued) Company/Product

Micro-

Price

Clock

RAM

Hard

chip

(in $)

Speed

(Mbytes)

Disk

Year

(in MHz) Spear/SP

386-16

80386

1760

6.00

1.000

386-20

80386

5530

20.00

4.000

NO NO

1988

Spear/SP

1988

1988

Talbott/Comet

386

80386

4610

16.00

1.000

YES

Talbott/Comet

386-24

80386

5281

24.00

24.000

YES

1988

80386

9499

20.00

2.000

YES

1988 1988

Tandon/386/20

386-24

80386

10348

20.00

8.000

YES

Tandy/Tandy

4000

80386

2599

16.00

1.000

NO

1988

Tandy/Tandy

4000-2

80386

4998

16.00

2.000

NO

1988

Tandon/386/20-8

Tatung/TCS

8000

80386

3440

16.00

1.000

NO

,1988

Tatung/TCS

8000-16

80386

5ooo

20.00

16.000

NO

1988

Televideo/Tele

386

80386

3750

16.00

2.000

NO

1988

TeIevideo/Tele

386-16

80386

5099

16.00

16.000

NO

1988

TeIevideo/TelOAS

III

80386

3519

16.00

1.000

NO

1988

Televideo/TelOAS

III/16

80386

5249

16.00

16.000

NO

1988

TeIevideo/TelOAS/20

80386

4699

20.00

1.000

NO

1988

Televideo/TeIOAS/20-16

80386

6199

20.00

16.000

NO

1988

Trillian Power/PS

386

80386

4750

20.00

1.000

YES

1988

Trillian Power/PS

386-20

80386

12995

20.00

10.000

YES

1988

UNISYS/PW

800/16

80386

6205

16.00

1.000

NO

1988

UNISYS/PW

850/16

80386

6205

16.00

1.000

NO

1988

UNISYS/PW

800/20

80386

6705

20.00

1030

NO

1988

Wang/PC

380

80386

6495

8.00

2.500

NO

1988

Wang/PC

380-16

80386

8495

16.00

10.500

NO

1988

WholeEarth/386-16

80386

2995

16.00

1.000

YES

1988

WholeEarth/386-16-4

80386

6895

16.00

4.000

YES

1988

WholeEarth/386-20

80386

4799

20.00

1.000

YES

1988

WholeEarth/386-20-4

80386

8599

20.00

4.000

YES

1988

WholeEarth/Tower

386-20

80386

4199

20.00

1.000

YES

1988

WholeEarth/Tower

386-20-g

80386

11799

20.00

8.000

YES

1988

Wyse Tech./WysEPC386

80386

3854

16.00

1.000

NO

1988

Wyse Tech./WysEPC386-24

80386

6307

16.00

24.OiIO

NO

1988

Zenith/Z386

80386

6499

16.00

2.000

YES

1988

Zenith/Z386-16

80386

8498

16.00

16.000

YES

1988

80286

1295

6.00

0.500

YES

1988

Acer Tech./AcerllOO-20

80386

6695

20.00

1.000

YES

1988

Acer Tech./AcerllOJl

80386

3995

4.77

1 .OOo

YES

1988

Acer Tech./Acer

900

80286

3070

8.00

0.500

YES

1988

Acer Tech./Acer

910

80286

1895

6.00

0.500

YES

1988

Adv. Logic Research/386-2R66

80386

3495

16.00

1.000

YES

1988

Adv. Logic Research/386

80386

3990

20.00

1.000

YES

1988

Adv. Logic Research/FlexCache-150

80386

7490

20.00

1.000

YES

1988

Adv. Logic Research/Flexcache-60

80386

4690

16.00

1.000

YES

1988

Adv. Logic Research/Dart-30

80286

1195

12.50

0.500

YES

1988

Alphanumeric/ANI-AT

80286

999

8.00

0.625

YES

1988

Amdek/System

286

80286

1795

8.00

0.500

YES

1988

Amdek/System

286A

80286

2495

12.50

1.000

YES

1988

Amdek/System

386

80386

3850

16.00

1.000

YES

1988

Amdek/System

3868

80386

4250

16.00

1.000

YES

1988

80286

2195

12.00

0.500

YES

1988

80286

2955

12.00

1 Boo

YES

1988

47th St Comp./Ma.xum-286

American

Comp.

Turbo

220 R66

& Per./Am.

Amer. Comp. & Per./Am.

286ST

286-EX

Amer. Comp. & Per./Am.

386-16

80386

5895

16.00

1.000

YES

1988

Am. Comp. Prod./Maxim

286-10

80286

2795

6.00

0.500

YES

1988

Am. Comp. Prod./Maxim

Turbo 286

80286

2995

6.00

0.500

YES

1988

Amer. Micro Tech./AMT-386

80386

3247

6.00

1.000

YES

1988

Amer. Micro Tech./AMT-286

80286

1788

6.00

0.625

YES

1988

Amer. Mitac/Paragon

80386

3295

16.00

2.000

YES

1988

386

Information & Management

D.S. Daue, K.E. Fitzpatrick / Desktop Computers

Table (continued) Company/Product

Microchip

Price (in S)

Clock Speed (in MHz)

RAM (Mbytes)

Hard Disk

Year

Amer. Mitac/Paragon 286 Amer. Mitac/Paragon 2863 Arche Tech./ArcheRival286 Arche Tech./ArcheRival386 AST Research/Premium 286 AST Research/Prem. Workstation AST Research/Premium 386 Bentley Comp./BentIey 286-12 Bentley Comp./Bentley 286-10 Bi-Tech Ent./Bi-Tech AT 386 Bios Trading/Bias Express 286 CAD Counsel/Protean-AT CAD Counsel/Protean 386 Canon USA/A-200 EXII Canon USA/A-ZOOFX Centurion/386-16 Centurion/336-20 Cheung/CL-386 Chicago Comp./CCC386c Chicago Comp./CCC-ATc CIE Systems/CIES 286 Compaq/Deskpro 286-12 Compaq/Deskpro 386 Compaq/Deskpro 386-20 Cordata/CS 5000 Cordata/ATD-8-Q Cordata/CS 4200 CSS Labs/CSS 386-20 CSS Labs/CSS 386-16 CSS Labs/CSS 286-10 Data General/Dasher 286 Dell Computer/PCs System 200 Dell Computer/PCs System 300 Delta Computer/DeltaGold Prestige Delta Computer/DeltaGold Premier Epson/Equity II + Epson/Equity III + Fivestar Elec./Fivestar 286-10 Fivestar Elec./Fivestar 386 Fivestar Elec./Fivestar SS-286 Fivestar Elec./Fivestar SS-386 Focus Tech./Focus 286 Focus Tech/Focus 286-12 Focus Tech./Focus 286j Focus Tech/Focus 386 Focus Tech./Loop 286 Franklin/FTC-286-10 Franklin/FTC-386 Heath/HS 386-B Hewlett-Packard/HP Vectra ES Hewlett-Packard/HP Vectra ES12 Hewlett-Packard/HP Vectra RS16 Hewlett-Packard/HP Vectra RS20 Hyosung Comp./Maxar 286 Hyosung Comp./Maxar 286T Hyosung Comp./Maxar 386

80286 80286 80286 80386 80286 80286 80386 80286 80286 80386 80286 80286 80386 80286 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80286 80286 80286 80386 80386 80386 80286 80286 80386 80386 80286 80286 80286 80386 80286 80386 80286 80286 80286 80386 80286 80386 80286 80286 80286 80386 80286 80286 80386 80386 80286 80286 80386 80386 80286 80286 80386

1995 1595 2195 4395 1995 1995 4695 1295 1045 3495 1699 2400 4400 4480 5500 2995 3795 3500 1999 899 5200 2699 6499 7499 4095 1895 1280 4500 3700 1790 2295 1249 2299 1995 4995 2795 3495 1095 2495 1295 2695 1479 1579 1419 2499 1095 1915 3385 3349 2595 2995 6495 7495 1391 899 3481

12.00 10.00 8.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 16.00 12.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 6.00 16.00 6.00 6.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 16.00 8.00 8.00 20.00 16.00 10.00 10.00 6.00 16.00 6.00 4.77 8.00 8.00 13.29 24.00 10.00 20.00 10.00 12.00 10.00 16.00 12.50 10.00 16.00 16.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 8.00 8.00 8.00

1.000 0.625 1.000 2.000 0.500 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000 0.625 2.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.500 0.500 0.625 1.000 1.000 2.000 0.625 0.625 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.625 0.625 1.000 0.500 1.000 0.625 0.625 0.500 1.000 0.500 2.000 0.625 0.625 0.500 1.000 1.000 0.625 0.500 1.000 0.625 0.625 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 4.000

YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO YES NO YES YES YES YES NO YES YES

1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988

178

Information & Management

Research

Table (continued) Company/Product

Microchip

Price (in $)

Clock Speed (in MHz)

RAM (Mbytes)

Hyundai/Super 286~ H;undai;Super 286 IBM/AT Models 68,99,239 IBM/AT Models 319,339 Intell. Data Sys./PC 2868 Turbo Intell. Data Sys./PC386-32 Isotropic Comp./ISO 1600 JC Info. Sys./JC Lips 286-12 JC Info. Sys./JC Lips 286-10 JC Info. Sys./JC Lips 386-20 Kaypro/Kapro 286i Model C Kaypro/Kaypro 286 Kaypro/Kaypro 386 E-40 Laser Digital/Pacer 286 Laser Digital/Pacer 386-16 Laser Digital/Pacer 386-20 Laser Digital/Pacer 386-24 Laser Digital/Pacer 286-12 Leading Edge/Model D2 MAD Intel. Sys./RDS 3000 MDS/MDS 286-16 MDS/MDS 286-20 MDS/MDS 386-16 MDS/MDS 386-20 MDS/MDS 386-25 Micro l/Power 386-200 Micro l/Power 386-170 Micro l/Power 286 Micro l/Power 386-100 Micro l/Power 386-130 Mitsubishi/MP-386 Mitsubishi/MP-286 NCR/3392 Workstation NCR/3390 Workstation NCR/PC 810 NCR/PC 916 NEC/Powermate 1 NEC/Powermate 2 NEC BusinessMate NEC/Powermate 386 Olivetti USA/M-28 Olivetti USA/380 Packard Bell/PB 286-12 Packard Bell/PB 386 Supreme PC Designs/GV 286-100 PC Designs/GV 286-120 PC Designs/GV 386-16 PC Designs/GV 386-20 PC Source/Standard 286-8 PC Source/Standard 286-10 PC Source/Standard 286-12 PC Source/Standard 386-16 Pioneer/Everex Pioneer/DTK Pioneer/Everex-16 Power Systems/PS P3-386

80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80386 80286 80286 80286 80386 80286 80286 80386 80286 80386 80386 80386 80286 80286 80386 80286 80286 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80286 80386 80386 80386 80286 80286 80286 80286 80386 80286 80286 80286 80386 80286 80386 80286 80386 80286 80286 80386 80386 80286 80286 80286 80386 80286 80286 80386 80386

1400 1699 4520 5295 1498 3025 1125 1295 995 2195 2795 2995 5795 1495 2995 3495 3595 1895 1495 13900 1340 1490 2695 3275 3375 5295 4495 1945 2795 3295 4595 1995 1974 1832 2950 6353 1845 2445 4995 4242 4450 6435 1995 3495 1350 1550 2425 2825 995 1095 1345 1995 1549 849 1750 4750

8.00 8.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 16.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 16.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 12.00 6.00 16.00 16.00 20.00 16.00 20.00 25.00 20.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 12.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 16.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 32.00 8.00 16.00 10.00 16.00 10.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 4.77 6.00 6.00 16.00 20.00

0.625 1.000 0.250 0.500 0.500 1.000 0.500 0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.500 0.500 2.000 2.000 2.000 0.500 0.625 4.000 0.500 0.500 1 SKI0 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.625 0.625 0.500 0.625 2.000 0.625 0.625 0.625 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.625 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000 0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000

Hard Disk

Year

YES YES YES YES YES NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO YES NO NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO YES NO YES NO NO YES

1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988

Information Table

& Management

D.S. Dave, K. E. Fitzpatrick

/ Desktop Computers

(continued)

Company/Product

Micro-

Price

Clock

RAM

Hard

chip

(in $)

Speed

(Mbytes)

Disk

Year

(in MHz) Sanyo/MBC-990

80286

1499

6.00

0.500

YES

1988

SCSI/1800

80286

860

7.70

0.500

YES

1988

80286

1300

12.00

1.000

YES

1988

8.00

1.000

YES

1988 1988

AT-8

SCSI/17OOC SCSI/3000

A

80386

1750

Spear/SP

286-8

80286

845

8.00

0.500

NO

Spear/SP

286-1OA

80286

995

10.00

0.500

NO

1988

SpearjSP

286-10B

80286

1145

6.00

0.500

NO

1988

Spear/SP

286-12

80286

1295

6.00

1.000

NO

1988

80386

1795

6.00

1.000

NO

1988

Spear/SP-386A

80286

3395

12.50

0.625

YES

1988

Talbott/Comet

AT 286

80286

1995

10.00

0.625

YES

1988

Talbott/Comet

AT 386

80386

3995

16.00

1.000

YES

1988

80286

2499

6.00

1.000

YES

1988

80386

9999

20.00

1.000

YES

1988

Tandon/Targa

80286

2199

6.00

1.000

YES

1988

Tandon/PCA

80286

2599

6.00

1 .ooo

YES

1988

Tandy/Tandy4000

80386

2599

16.00

1.000

YES

1988

Sysgen/ProSystem

Tandon/PAC

286

Tandon/Tandon

386

Tandy/Tandy

3000

80286

1999

12.00

0.625

YES

1988

Tandy/Tandy

3000 HL

80286

1499

8.00

0.500

YES

1988

Tandy/Tandy

1000 TX

80286

1199

8.00

0.625

NO

1988

Tatung/TCS-7000

80286

1995

8.00

0.625

YES

1988

Tatung/TCS-8000

80386

3445

16.00

1.000

YES

1988

TBS/Turbo

Plus 286-12

80286

2099

12.50

1.000

YES

1988

TBS/Turbo

Plus 386-16

80386

3299

16.00

2.000

YES

1988

80386

6999

20.00

2.000

YES

1988

TBS/SuperCharger

386-20

TBS/SuperCharger

286-16

TBS/Turbo

286-12

80286

3999

16.00

1.000

YES

1988

80286

1299

12.50

0.500

YES

1988 1988

TeleVideo/TelOAS

II-NH

80286

2099

12.00

1.000

NO

TeleVideo/TelOAS

II-20

80286

2099

12.00

1.000

YES

1988

TeleVideo/TelOAS

III-NH

80386

3499

16.00

1.000

NO

1988

III-40

80386

3499

16.00

1.000

YES

1988

80286

888

12.00

0.500

YES

1988 1988

TeleVideo/TelOAS Vector/Vector

Magnum

286

Wang/PC

380

80386

6495

8.00

0.500

YES

Wang/PC

280

80286

3850

6.00

0.625

YES

1988

Wang/PC

240

80286

2125

6.00

0.625

YES

1988

Wells Am./A

Star-14

80286

995

6.00

0.500

YES

1988

Wells Am./A

Star-16

80286

1395

6.00

0.500

YES

1988

WhoIeEarth/386-20

80386

3595

20.00

1.000

YES

1988

WholeEarth/386-16

80386

2895

16.00

1.000

YES

1988

WholeEarth/

80286

1495

10.00

0.625

YES

1988

WholeEarth/286B

80286

1595

10.00

0.625

YES

1988

3799

16.00

1.000

YES

1988 1988

Wyse Tech./WYSEpc

386-3216

80386

Wyse Tech./WYSEpc

286-2108

80286

1599

8.00

0.625

YES

Wyse Tech./WYSEpc

286-2214

80286

2799

12.50

1.000

YES

1988

Wyse Tech./WYSEpc

286-2112

80286

2299

12.50

1.000

YES

1988

Wyse Tech./WYSEpc

286-2200

1988

80286

1999

10.00

0.625

YES

XTRA/Pro

400

80286

2699

6.00

1.000

YES

1988

XTRA/Pro

700

80386

5499

8.00

1.000

YES

1988

XTRA/386

Xi Multi-User

80386

4.000

YES

1988

80286

13170 3699

16.00

Zenith/Z248

8.00

0.500

YES

1988

Zenith/Z386

80386

6499

8.00

2.000

YES

1988

Zenith/Z286

80286

2399

8.00

0.500

YES

1988 1989

Acer Tech./Acer

1100-25

80386

6295

25.00

2.000

NO

Amax/386-25

80386

3950

25.00

1.000

YES

1989

Amer. Mitac/MPC4000F

80386

5250

25.00

1.000

NO

1989

AST Research/AST

80386

6595

25.00

2.000

NO

1989

Premium 386-25

179

180

Research

Information

& Management

Table (continued) Company/Product

Microchip

Price (in $)

Clock Speed (in MHz)

RAM (Mbytes)

Hard Disk

Year

AST Research/AST Premium 386-33 Bi-Tech/Bi-Tech 386-25 Bus. Micro Systems/BMS-25 Bus. Micro Systems/BMS_33C Compaq/Deskpro 386-25/110 Compaq/Deskpro 386-25/300 Compaq/Deskpro 386-25/60 CompuAdd/386-25 Comp. Conn./386-25B CSS Labs/Select 386-25 Dell Computer/System 325 Everex/Step 386-25 Fivestar/ Focus Tech./Loop 386B Fortron/Net Set 325 Fortron/Net Set 333 Franklin/386-25 Gateway 2000/386-25 Hewlett-Packard/HP Vectra RS25C JC Info. Systems/Jcat 386 Kaypro/K386E-25 Mark Comp./Super 386 Micro Express/ME 386-25 Micro Express/ME 386-33 NCR/PC 925 Ogivar/SX386-33 PolyweII/Poly 386 Cache-25 Precision/PSG 386-25 Precision/PSG 386-33 Proteus/386-25 Spear Tech./SP 3861 Sys. Integ./SIA 386-25 Sys. Integ./SIA 386-33 Tandon/386-33 Tatung/TCS-8000 TeleVideo/Tele 386-25 Trillian/Trillian 386 Trillian/Dual-Cache 386-25 Unisys/PW 800-25A Wyse Tech./WYSE 386-WY-3225 Zenith/Z386-25 Zenith/Z386-33 Am. Mitac/Mitac MPC2386 Arche/Arch Rival SX AST Research/AST Premium 386SX AST Research/AST Premium 386SX-4SV AT&T/6386SX Austin/286-SX Comp. Comm. Conn./CCC 386SX-16 Comp Prod. Unlim./CPU 386SX Data General/Dasher 386SX Dell Comp./Dell System 316 Focus/Loop 386SX Hewlett Packard/HP Vectra QS-16s HIMS/HIMS SX386 IBM/PS/2-55SX

80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386 80386SX 80386SX 80386SX 80386SX 80386SX 80386SX 80386SX 80386SX 80386SX 80386SX 80386SX 80386SX 80386SX 80386SX

6595 3515 2795 3595 10299 13299 8299 2895 5075 2595 6299 4999 2895 1999 3500 4500 2299 4195 10295 2295 6895 1795 3999 5995 8950 8000 3888 7390 8550 5160 3278 4585 6585 6199 5995 4995 2194 4798 4318 3599 6599 7999 2595 2295 2695 3695 2295 2495 1995 1095 3795 2699 1429 3295 1695 3895

33.00 25.00 25.00 33.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 33.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 33.00 25.00 33.00 25.00 25.00 33.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 33.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 33.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00

2.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1 .ooo 1 .ooo 4.000 2.000 1 .ooo 1.000 1.000 1.000 1 .ooo 1.000 1.000 4.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 2.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 1 .ooo 1.000 4.000 4.000 1.000 2.000 2.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 1.000 2.000 2.000 1.000 1 .ooo 1 .ooo 1.000 2.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 1.000 1.000 1 .ooo 4.000 2.000

NO

1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989

NO NO NO

YES YES YES NO YES NO YES NO NO YES YES YES NO YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO YES NO NO NO YES NO NO YES NO NO NO NO YES NO YES YES NO YES YES YES NO YES YES

Information

& Management

D.S. Dave, K.E. Fitzpatrick

/ Desktop Computers

Table (continued) Micro-

Price

Clock

RAM

Hard

chip

(in S)

Speed

(Mbytes)

Disk

80386SX

2195

16.00

1.000

YES

1989

Mitsubishi/MP386S

80386SX

2995

16.00

2.000

NO

1989

NCR/PC386SX

80386SX

3195

16.00

1.000

NO

1989

NCR/PC386SX-MC

80386SX

3145

16.00

1.000

NO

1989

Normerel/ATC386SX

80386SX

3115

16.00

1.000

YES

1989

Normerel/NS65

80386SX

3340

16.00

1.000

YES

1989

Oak Micro./W386SX-16

80386SX

1995

16.00

1.000

NO

1989

Company/Product

Year

(in MHz) Intell. Data Sys./IDS

PC Craft/PCC

386SX

2200-16SX

PC Designs/GV386SX PoIywell/Poly386SX Star Ind./Americana

386SX

Tatung/TCS88OOS TeleVideo/Tele386SX Uniq Tech./Uniq

386SX

Wells Am./CompuStar

II

80386SX

2100

16.00

1.000

NO

1989

80386SX

1999

16.00

1.000

NO

1989

80386SX

1450

16.00

1.000

YES

1989

80386SX

1695

16.00

1.000

NO

1989

80386SX

2495

16.00

1.000

NO

1989

80386SX

2339

16.00

2.000

NO

1989

80386SX

1795

16.00

1.000

YES

1989

80386SX

2170

16.00

1.000

NO

1989

AST Research/AST

Prem-286-100

80286

2095

10.00

0.500

YES

1989

AST Research/AST

Prem 286

80286

2195

10.00

1.000

YES

1989

Acer Tech./Acer

915

80286

1795

12.00

0.500

NO

1989

Acer Tech./Acer

Station 5280

80286

1395

12.00

0.500

NO

1989

Adv. Logic Res./VIP

12286

80286

1795

12.00

0.500

NO

1989

Adv. Logic Res./VIP

12286-40M

80286

3095

12.00

0.500

YES

1989

PC286-16

80286

1670

16.00

0.500

YES

1989

Amdek/Amdek

System 286

80286

1599

8.00

0.500

NO

1989

Amdek,‘Amdek

System 286A

80286

2499

12.50

1.000

NO

1989 1989

Amax Eng./Amax

Am. Mirac/Paragon

2865:

80286

1595

10.00

0.625

NO

Am. Mitac/Paragon

286V

80286

2196

12.00

1.000

NO

1989

Am. Mitac/Paragon

286VE

80286

2549

16.00

1.000

NO

1989

80286

4430

12.00

1.000

YES

1989

80286

2249

12.50

1.000

NO

1989

80286

944

12.50

0.500

NO

1989

80286

1570

8.00

0.500

NO

1989

286-12WD

80286

1794

12.50

0.500

YES

1989

Dell Comp./Dell

System 200

80286

2799

12.50

0.625

YES

1989

Dell Comp./Dell

System 200B

80286

2099

20.00

1.000

NO

1989

80286

1946

16.00

1.000

YES

1989

80286

799

12.00

0.625

NO

1989

80286

1729

125.00

0.625

YES

1989

80286

3595

12.00

0.625

YES

1989

80286

1151

10.00

1.000

YES

1989

80286

1195

10.00

0.625

NO

1989

Canon

USA/A200EXII

Citizen/Mate-l2 Clone Tech./Clone Convergent

AT-12

Tech./Network

DataworId/DATA

Dyna Comp./Dyna

PC

286-16

Epson/FX286e Focus Tech./Loop

286

Hewlett-Packard/HP HiTech

Vectra ES

Int./SAM2001

Hyundai/Super

XT

286C

IBM/PS/2

Model

50-021

80286

3595

10.00

1.000

YES

1989

IBM/PS/2

Model

50-031

80286

3995

10.00

1.000

YES

1989

IBM/PS/Z

Model

50-061

80286

4595

10.00

1.000

YES

1989

IBM/PS/Z

Model

60-041

80286

5295

10.00

1.000

YES

1989

IBM/PS/Z

Model

60-071

80286

5795

10.00

1.000

YES

1989

80286

1400

12.00

1 .ooo

YES

1989

80286

1795

12.00

0.500

NO

1989

80286

1963

12.00

1.000

NO

1989

80286

1995

8.00

1.000

NO

1989

80286

2295

12.00

0.625

NO

1989

80286

2895

12.00

1.000

NO

1989

Memorex/Model7045-16

80286

3445

16.00

1.000

NO

1989

Mitsubishi/MP286-300

80286

1895

12.00

0.625

YES

1989

NEC/Powermate

1

80286

1795

10.00

0.625

NO

1989

NEC/Powermate

I+

80286

2595

12.00

0.625

YES

1989

Packard Bell/PBlOOO

80286

1898

12.00

0.625

NO

1989

Isotropic/IS0 Leading

286

Edge/Model

Maxar PCs/Maxar

D2 286L

Memorex/Model7020 Memorex/Model7040 Memorex/ModeI

7045-12

181

182

Research

Information & Management

Table (continued) Company/Product

Sanyo/MBC17 + Sysgen/Pro System-Standard Tandon/PAC 286 Tandon/Targa-1 Tandy/TandylOOOL Uniq Tech./Uniq 286-10 Uniq Tech./Uniq 286-12 Uniq Tech./Uniq 286-16 Unisys/PWZ 300-10 Unisys/PW2 500-12 US Micro/Execumate 286-20 Wang/PC 240 Wells Am./CompuStar 286-10 WholeEarth/Turbo 286-16 Wyse Tech./WY-2108 Wyse Tech./WY-2108-20M Wyse Tech/WY-2112 Wyse Tech./WY-2200 Zenith/Z-286 Zenith/Z-286LP Zenith/Z-286-12 Zenith/Z-286-40M Zenith/Z-286-160M

Microchip

Price

80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286 80286

1799 2395 2799 1999 1299 1595 1695 2095 1305 2695 5195 2895 2615 1995 1559 1999 2299 2699 2999 3299 4799

(in $)

6799

Clock Speed (in MHz)

RAM (Mbytes)

Hard Disk

Year

10.00 12.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 16.00 10.00 12.00 20.00 10.00 20.00 16.00 8.00 8.00 12.50 10.00 8.00 8.00 12.00 12.00 12.00

1.000 0.625 1.000 1.000 0.625 0.625 0.625 1.000 0.625 0.625 1.000 0.625 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 1.000 0.625 0.500 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

YES YES YES NO NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO YES NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES

1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989